Table of Content

08 December 1993, Volume 15 Issue 4

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Brief Report

INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF EARTHQUAKES IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITING

Tian Shengqing

1993, 15(4):  289-305. 

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On the basis of ten-years major expecrience in investigation and evaluation of earthquakes in nuclear power plant siting in our country, the stage and content associated with investigation and evaluation are outlined in this paper.

NUCLEAR POWER AND ITS SAFETY

Gu Xun

1993, 15(4):  306-307. 

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ON SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF SITES OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES

Hu Yuxian

1993, 15(4):  308-316. 

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In the first part of the paper, the status and tendency of development of the methodology of seismic hazard assessment are reviewed with reference to recent documents such as Standard Specification ASCE 4-86 and IAEA 1991 Safety Guide, and in the remaining sections three main problems, i.e. the consideration of uncertainties, site effect and earthquake and site-dependent spectrum, are discussed. Under the topic of uncertainty, it is pointed out that the still popular deterministic method considers the uncertainty by empirical and subjuctive judgement, while the probabilistic method considers its explicity in terms of exceedance probability of occurrance of a given ground motion. There are two types of deterministic methods for seismic hazard assessment: one gives the most probable or average estimate and anothor the most conservative estimate, both being subjective. In China, many people believe that the later deterministic method gives always a safe estimate than the former with annual exceedance probability of 10-4. The paper explains that it may not be so because the deterministic method currently used in China did not consider the uncertainties and the subjective choices were not always safe enough. The probabilistic approach is recommanded. Under the topic of site effect analysis, the paper discusses firstly the importance of site effect analysis for nuclear facilities, especially those on soft sites, then the selection of input boundary and the uncertainties involved, and also the importance of considering earthquake-dependent and site-dependant design spectra, especially of those facilities on soft sites.

INVESTIGATION OF CAPABLE FAULT AND APPLICATION OF ITS IDENTIFYING TECHNIQUES

Zhang Yuming

1993, 15(4):  317-322. 

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The extent of capable fault investigation, the principles for selection of object of capable fault identification, and the application of the identifying techniques to different site areas as examples are discussed in this paper.

ON THE MAXIMUM INTENSITY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITING

Shi Zhenliang, Wang Jian

1993, 15(4):  323-326. 

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In the light of the seismic safety requirement of nuclear power plant siting and complexity of earthquake hazards, the hybrid probabilistic method, seismotectonic method and historic earthquake method are used to determine the design basis ground motions. Of the three methods, the historic earthquake method can also gives a maximum value. In this paper, we have enumerated a relation of special earthquake intensity attenuation and the intensity anomaly to show that a recurrence probability of special historic earthquake condition should be considered in nuclear power plant siting, and that historic earthquake method may also result in a maximum value.

NEAR-FIELD SEISMOTECTONIC STUDIES FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITING

Zhou Bengang, He Hbnglin

1993, 15(4):  327-332. 

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The contents and related methods for near-field seismotectonic studies during nuclear power plant siting, including the investigation of geological structures, the tectonic activity, and active faults, the studies on deeper geophysical characteristics, and the definition of seismogenic structures, are discussed in this paper. Some important topics, such as determination of fault activity, deep structural environment, and seismogenic structures, are revealed in detail.

NEW BOOKS-EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS IN NORTH CHINA AND COUNTERMEASURES TO THEM

Jin Yu

1993, 15(4):  332-332. 

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SEGMENTATION OF SEISMO-ACTIVE FAULTS AND THE POTENTIAL MAXIMUM EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE ON THE SEGMENTS

He Honglin, Zhou Bengang

1993, 15(4):  333-340. 

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The segmentation of seismo-active fault has become one of the basic methods in the nuclear power plant siting and the seismic risk analysis. In this paper, the concepts of structural segment and seismic segment are discussed, and how to segment an active fault and how to determine the potential maximum earthquake magnitude are also explained from some examples.

ON THE RELATION OF GROUND MOTION ATTENUATION IN NPP SITING

Jin Yan

1993, 15(4):  341-346. 

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The field characteristics and regional features in the data of ground motion, the consistence of definiticns of variables and the distribution extent of the original data must be considered in the fitting the record ground motion data to the acceleration attenuation relation. Generally, the digital method should be used to get the acceleration attenuation relation through data transform, but the analysis method may be used only under the special condition. The special seismic attenuation characteristics should be considered when the seismic intensity anomaly and very large earthquake are presented.

SEISMOTECTONIC APPROACH TO EVALUATION OF DESIGN BASIS GROUND MOTION

Pan Hua, Yan Jiaquan

1993, 15(4):  347-352. 

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In this paper, the fundamental theory and basic principle of the seismotectonic approach to evaluation of design basis ground motion are introduced firstly, then the difference between the new Safety Guide of IAEA and the old one is anlysed, The defects in this method are discussed, and the actual problems which in using this method appear in nuclear power plants siting are discussed too. Finally, the development and improvement of the seismotectonic approach are suggested.

VOLCANOLOGICAL INVESTGATION AND EVALUATION IN NUCREAR ENGINEERING SITING IN JILIN PROVINCE

Zhang, Lianghuai, Li Zhitian

1993, 15(4):  353-358. 

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The Cenozoic volcanic activity has extensively occurred in Jilin Province, especially in the Quaternary. It must be considered in selecting a nuclear power plant site. In this paper, according to the characteristics of distribution of volcanoes and eruptions in Jilin Province, the relationships between volcanoes and earthquakes, volcanoes and tectonic movement, and volcanoes and deep crustal conditions have been analysed, as well as the of types volcanoes and their nature, and prediction of volcanic risk, and estimate of volcanic hazards are considered. On the basis of the above discussions, proposals for volcanic investigation and evaluation methods in the nuclear power plant siting is put forward.

THE CONCEPTS OF CAPABLE FAULT AND SURFACE FAULTING AND THEIR INVESTIGATION

Li Yuanjun

1993, 15(4):  359-363. 

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The concepts of capable fault and surface faulting are studied in this paper, and an emphasis is given on the extent of investigation and requirements for the investigation in concrete seismological geologic siting for nuclear power plants.

TSUNAMI AND ITS SAFETY EVALUATION IN THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITING

Wang Jian, Shi Zhenliang

1993, 15(4):  364-368. 

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In this paper a description is made on the measure of tsunami magnitude, which must include the size of tsunami source, and a direct relation of tsunami magnitude at itc source with the extent and pattern of crustal deformation. In correlation betweem tsunami and earthquake, except the earthquake magnitude, the seismic source fracture pattern is emphasized. Here we also discuss the processing and analysis of historic marine earthquake data, prediction of potential tsunami sources, investigation of tsunami propagation path, and comprechensive evaluation in the process of safety evaluation of nuclear power plant site.

DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE IN EVALUATION OF SEISMIC HAZARDS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITE

Pan Hua, Zhang Xiaodong

1993, 15(4):  369-374. 

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In this paper, the definition of the lower-limit magnitude is recommended, then on the basis of analysis of its determination in connection with real data of some earthquakes, the difference between the lower-limit magnitude and the minimum magnitude considered in seismic harzard evaluation is pointed out. The lower-limit magnitude is commonly 4, but the minimum magnitude may be lower. Thus, for the facilities with specific safety requirement, such as nuclear power plant, a substitution of lower-limit magnitude 4 for the minimum magnitude may be unsafe.

THE CONNOTATION OF SOME TERMS AND THE ASSESSMENT OF MAXIMUM POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE IN SEISMOTECTONIC PROVINCE

Zhang Yuming

1993, 15(4):  375-380. 

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The connotation of some terms which are usually applied in the seismological engineering in nuclear power plant sitting, such as seismic region, seismic belt, seismotectonic province, and seismic risk area, are explained, and their relationship is discussed in this paper. In addition, combining the requerments in Regulation HAF0101, the methods for assessment of maximum potential earthquake in seismotectonic province are also put forword as well.

NEW PUBLICATION——TOURISM ON NATURAL LANDSCAPES

Bian You

1993, 15(4):  380-380. 

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POTENTIAL HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH EARTHQUAKES AND THEIR INVESTIGATIONS

Li Yuanjun

1993, 15(4):  381-383. 

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The potential hazards associated with earthquakes are liquefaction, slope instability, foundation subsidence, and ground collapse. For the nuclear power plant siting, the investigations in the preliminary and the detailed stages should be carried out in the connection with the composite evaluation of seismic intensity and engineering geological condition for the site area.

A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE RESULTS OBTAINED BY SEISMOTECTONIC METHOD AND PROBABILISTIC METHOD USED IN THE EVALUATION OF GROUND MOTION FOR DESIGN OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

Gao Mengtan

1993, 15(4):  384-388. 

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The results obtained by probabilistic method and those obtained by seimotectonic method are compared. The result suggest that (1) the result by seismotectonic method is not an upper limit determined by probabilistic method; (2)the relationship between the results obtained by both these methods at certain exceedance probability levels depends mainly on the variance of attenuation law and the annual occurrence rate of earthquakes; (3) ground motion attenuation law affects the results determined by both methods to certain extent, so the comparison must be under the same attenuation law. Because the result determined by seismotectonic method is not the upper limit of the result obtained by probabilistic method and it is uncertain whether the result obtained be seismotectonic method is larger or not, it is reasonable to use both methods as well as other methods to determine the safety shutdown earthquake.

THE IMPORTANCE OF RELOCATION OF EARTHQUAKE HYPOCENTERS IN EVALUATION OF SEISMIC HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITING

Wang Suyun

1993, 15(4):  389-394. 

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The present paper elucidates the significance of relocation of earthquake hypocenters in the site region during nuclear power plant siting, basing on analysis of reliability of routinely determined hypocenter locations listed in Catalogue of Earthquakes in China and local earthquake catalogues. Several approaches by which improved hypocenter location accuracy can be obtained are also proposed, and some examples in which the seismicity pattern could been changed by relocating earthquakes are given.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE AND LENGTH OF ACTIVE FAULT IN CHINA

Dong Ruishu, Ran Hongliu, Gao Zheng

1993, 15(4):  395-400. 

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In this paper fourteen formulas about the relation of earthquake magnitude with fault length in China are collected and divided into three regions: eastern China, western China, and China continent. They are reestimated one by one and three new formulas about the relation of earthquake magnitude with seismogenic fault length in three regions are obtained. The fault lengths that correspond to different earthquake magnitudes in ±σ ranges are also given.

ON THE RELATION OF GROUND MOTION ATTENUATION IN NPP SITING

Jin Yan

1993, 15(4):  400-400. 

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ASSESSMENT OF ACTIVE FAULTS IN SEISMIC DESIGN AND NPP SITING IN JAPAN

Chang Xiangdong

1993, 15(4):  401-407. 

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It is introduced generally that the principles and methods for assessment of active faults, investigation procedure, and criteria for assessment of active fault, as well as experiences and characters of active fault assessment in seismic design and siting of NPP in Japan.