Abstract: Recently, the Man language archives about the eruption of Wudalianchi Volcanoes originally preserved in Heilongjiang General Yamen (Office) has been discovered and translated into Chinese language by Wu Xuejuan. The archives recorded in detail the whole process of the eruption of Wudalianchi Volcanoes from January 14, 1720 to March 18, 1721 that formed the Laoheishan crater, and the eruption from April 26, 1721 to May 28, 1721 that resulted in the formation of the Huo～shaoshan crater. These Man language archives record the time, place, and state of eruption, the formation of dammed lake, and the personnel who made the observation on the two volcanoes. It is the only organized observation on volcanic eruption in Chinese history. These Man language archives not only provide unique firsthand materials for volcanic observation and study, but also indicate clearly that China is one of the countries where volcanic observation was carried out early. The eruption of the Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan volcanoes was previously considered to occur in 1719—1721, but it is clear now that it occurred in 1720—1721.

Key words: volcanic eruption, observation record, Wudalianchi volcanoes, Man language archives

摘要： 存于黑龙江将军衙门档案中的五大连池火山喷发满文史料(由吴雪娟发现并译成汉文),详细记载了五大连池火山在1720年1月14日至1721年3月18日喷发形成老黑山、1721年4月26日至1721年5月28日喷发形成火烧山的全部过程,记述了这2座火山的喷发时间、地点、喷发状态和火山堰塞湖形成以及参加观测的人员情况等各种史实。这是中国历史上迄今为止对火山喷发仅有的一次有组织的观测活动,这些记录为火山观测研究提供了珍贵的第一手资料。同时,也表明中国是世界上火山观测开展较早的国家之一。以往认为五大连池老黑山、火烧山火山喷发的时间为公元1719—1721年,实际应为公元1720—1721年。

关键词: 火山喷发, 观测记录, 五大连池火山, 满文档案