GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL GAS IN THE FAULT ZONES OF NORTH TIANSHAN, XINJIANG

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2022.06.014

Abstract

Abstract:

The soil gas concentration and escape rate value can sensitively and objectively reflect the underground state of stress, strain and tectonic activity. In addition, abnormal phenomena of fault soil gas often occur before and after seismic activity. It is often used to identify the active state of fault zones, explore hidden faults and assess earthquake risk.
As an important geochemical method, the soil gas measurement is an important geochemical method to reveal fault properties and fault activities and other tectonic activities. In this study, we laid out 8 measurement lines of soil gas along the Borokonu-Aqikkuduk Fault, the Kusongmuchike piedomont fault, the Dushanzi-Anjihai Fault, the Horgos-Tugulu Fault, the Kashi River Fault and the Nalati Fault in two earthquake risk areas of the north Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, namely, the “North Tianshan Wenquan-Jinghe M7 earthquake risk area” and the “Wusu-Hejing M6 earthquake risk area”. From 2017 to 2020, a total of 6~7 phases of measurements were carried out to make clear the distribution characteristics of Rn, CO₂ and Hg concentrations along these faults. There have been many moderate/strong earthquakes near the above-mentioned faults, and it is of great significance of soil gas measurement on these faults for us to gain a deep understanding of the fault activity characteristics and earthquake risk.
In this paper, the spatial distribution characteristics of fault soil gas are analyzed based on the multi-period measurement results, and the activity of the fault zone and the regional earthquake risk are discussed respectively. The results show that: 1)The Rn concentrations are more stable than that of CO₂ and Hg along each measurement line, which can be used as an effective indicator gas for analyzing the distribution of fault zones, indicating the location of fault fractures and judging the activity of faults. Since there are many interference factors of CO₂ and Hg concentrations, they can be used as an auxiliary means. In most cases, the distribution of Rn concentrations on other measuring lines is of single-peak shape, indicating that the soil gas concentration is higher at the outcrops of the fault. However, the concentrations of Rn in the Kusongmuchike piedmont fault and the Horgos-Tugulu Fault are higher, and the distribution curve of Rn concentrations shows multiple high-value forms, indicating that there are other fractures and broken positions on the fault zone besides the fault exposure position. 2)The highest Rn concentrations on the measuring lines of the Kusongmuchike piedmont fault, the Nalati Fault and the Horgos-Tugulu Fault are 99 802Bq/m³, 80 549Bq/m³, 78 834Bq/m³, which are not only higher than the Rn concentration of other measurement lines in the same period, but also higher than the highest Rn concentration of 58 205Bq/m³ in the Hutubi North Fault. The fault activity is relatively stronger. 3)The earthquake risk of Wenquan-Jinghe area is relatively low, with relatively high regional stress accumulation. In addition, the fault activity in this area is intensive, and moderate to strong earthquakes are more likely to occur, so there is a certain earthquake risk.
In a word, it is of great scientific significance to carry out the activity detection and seismic risk assessment of the main active faults in the northern Tianshan area of Xinjiang. In the future, monitoring and in-depth research on the geochemistry of fault soil gas in the “North Tianshan Wenquan-Jinghe earthquake risk zone” is of great significance for judging the earthquake risk in the north Tianshan area. The results of this paper provide geochemical data for analyzing the characteristics of gas released by the fault zone in the northern Tianshan area of Xinjiang, and for guiding the selection and layout of seismic stations, as well as for seismic situation tracking and anomaly ascertainment.

Key words: radon, mercury, carbon dioxide, soil gas, north Tianshan area

摘要：

断层土壤气测量是揭示断层性质与断裂活动的重要地球化学方法。文中在新疆北天山2个地震危险区中的博罗科努-阿其克库都克断裂、库松木契克山前断裂、独山子-安集海断裂、霍尔果斯-吐谷鲁断裂、喀什河断裂、那拉提断裂等6条断裂带上布设了8条断层土壤气测线, 共进行了6、 7期测量。文中依据多期断层土壤气流动测量结果, 分析了断层土壤气的空间分布特征, 并分别讨论了断裂带活动性及区域地震危险性。结果表明: 1)土壤气组分Rn是研究断裂带分布、指示断裂破碎位置及判断断层活动性的有效气体, 在库松木契克山前断裂和霍尔果斯-吐谷鲁断裂的测线上, 除断层出露处的测点外, 还存在其他测点出现Rn浓度峰值的现象, 因此这2条断裂带除了断层出露处还存在其他断裂破碎位置。2)在库松木契克山前断裂、那拉提断裂以及霍尔果斯-吐谷鲁断裂所布设的测线上, Rn浓度的最高值分别为99 802Bq/m³、 80 549Bq/m³、 78 834Bq/m³, 不仅高于其他断裂带测线的Rn浓度值, 还高于新疆呼图壁北断裂的Rn浓度值, 说明上述3条断裂的断层活动性较强。3)北天山温泉-精河地震危险区内小地震频率相对较低, 区域应力积累程度相对较高, 断层活动性强, 更易发生中强震, 存在一定的地震危险性。未来对北天山温泉-精河地震危险区内的断层土壤气体地球化学开展监测与深入研究, 对判断北天山地区的地震危险性具有重要意义。文中的结果可为分析新疆北天山地区断裂带释放气体特征及指导地震台站勘选、布设和震情跟踪等提供地球化学资料与技术支撑。

关键词: 氡, 汞, 二氧化碳, 断层土壤气, 北天山地区

CLC Number:

P315.725

JIANG Yu-han, GAO Xiao-qi, YANG Peng-tao, LIU Dong-ying, SUN Xiao-long, XIANG Yang, ZHU Cheng-ying, WANG Cheng-guo. GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL GAS IN THE FAULT ZONES OF NORTH TIANSHAN, XINJIANG[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2022, 44(6): 1597-1614.

蒋雨函, 高小其, 杨朋涛, 刘冬英, 孙小龙, 向阳, 朱成英, 汪成国. 新疆北天山地区断裂带断层土壤气的地球化学特征[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(6): 1597-1614.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Map of seismic activity, active faults and measuring line locations in the study area and vicinity.

Table1 Soil gas Rn, CO2 and Hg concentrations in the north Tianshan fault zone in August 2017

测线	C_Rn/Bq·m^-3				$C C O 2$ /%				C_Hg/ng·m^-3
	最小值	最大值	背景值	异常下限	最小值	最大值	背景值	异常下限	最小值	最大值	背景值	异常下限
JHA	12 748	29 517	20 832	25 013	0.04	0.07	0.06	0.07	2	12	7	10
JHB	4 485	23 821	16 736	22 022	0.03	0.09	0.06	0.08	3	28	10	18
JHC	14 538	57 182	31 879	44 168	0.02	0.11	0.06	0.08	3	111	30	56
NL	3 409	50 356	20 338	31 948	0.03	0.38	0.16	0.27	2	103	15	41
NW	16 858	64 500	39 585	53 312	0.05	2.65	0.28	0.94	4	19	9	13
NE	13 345	31 744	23 005	28 095	0.05	0.16	0.10	0.13	3	27	15	23
DS	8 029	41 153	24 696	33 429	0.04	0.10	0.07	0.09	2	54	17	30
DF	14 326	78 834	29 680	45 770	0.06	1.54	0.36	0.78	5	56	21	37

Table1 Soil gas Rn, CO2 and Hg concentrations in the north Tianshan fault zone in August 2017

测线	C_Rn/Bq·m^-3				$C C O 2$ /%				C_Hg/ng·m^-3
	最小值	最大值	背景值	异常下限	最小值	最大值	背景值	异常下限	最小值	最大值	背景值	异常下限
JHA	12 748	29 517	20 832	25 013	0.04	0.07	0.06	0.07	2	12	7	10
JHB	4 485	23 821	16 736	22 022	0.03	0.09	0.06	0.08	3	28	10	18
JHC	14 538	57 182	31 879	44 168	0.02	0.11	0.06	0.08	3	111	30	56
NL	3 409	50 356	20 338	31 948	0.03	0.38	0.16	0.27	2	103	15	41
NW	16 858	64 500	39 585	53 312	0.05	2.65	0.28	0.94	4	19	9	13
NE	13 345	31 744	23 005	28 095	0.05	0.16	0.10	0.13	3	27	15	23
DS	8 029	41 153	24 696	33 429	0.04	0.10	0.07	0.09	2	54	17	30
DF	14 326	78 834	29 680	45 770	0.06	1.54	0.36	0.78	5	56	21	37

Fig. 2 Variations of Rn, CO2 and Hg concentrations on the measuring line of the Bo-A fault zone.

Fig. 3 Variations of Rn, CO2, Hg concentrations on the measuring line of Kusongmuqike mountain piedmont fault zone.

Fig. 4 Variations of Rn, CO2, Hg concentrations on the measuring line of the Kashi River fault zone.

Fig. 5 Variations of Rn, CO2, Hg concentrations on the measuring line of Nalati fault zone.

Fig. 6 Variations of Rn, CO2, Hg concentrations on the measuring line of Dushanzi-Anjihai fault zone.

Fig. 7 Variations of Rn, CO2 and Hg concentrations on the measuring line in the Horgos-Tugulu fault zone.

Table2 Epicentral distance of earthquakes with magnitude 5 and above to the measuring lines

日期	震级	震中坐标	震中参考地点	Δ/km
				JHA	JHB	JHC	NL	NW	NE	DS	DF
2016-12-08	6.2	43.83°N, 86.35°E	呼图壁县	273	268	289	301	216	198	135	31
2017-08-09	6.6	44.27°N, 82.89°E	精河县	26	24	8	44	162	169	152	291
2017-09-16	5.7	42.11°N, 83.43°E	库车县	265	260	247	215	108	119	269	333
2018-10-16	5.4	44.19°N, 82.53°E	精河县	52	52	24	28	172	182	181	319

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