SEDIMENTARY PROCESS AND TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF WUWEI BASIN DURING THE QUATERNARY

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2022.01.006

Abstract

Abstract:

The Wuwei Basin is located in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor Basin group. It belongs to the frontier of uplift and expansion of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Quaternary sedimentary strata in the Wuwei Basin are hundreds of meters thick, which records the geological information of uplift and expansion of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Quaternary period. In order to study the sedimentary process of the Wuwei Basin since Quaternary and the characteristics of the uplift and extension of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the sedimentary stratigraphy and stratigraphic chronology methods are applied to analyze the Quaternary sedimentary strata in the Wuwei Basin. Firstly, the Quaternary sedimentary sequence of the Wuwei Basin is established by studying the stratum characteristics and OSL ages of the Quaternary sedimentary strata. Secondly, through the analysis of the paleocurrent direction and zircon U-Pb isotopic age of the sedimentary gravel, the paleocurrent direction of different deposition periods and sediment source are restored. Finally, based on the above analysis, the sedimentary process of Quaternary strata in the Wuwei Basin and its response to the uplift and extension of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are discussed.
The Quaternary sedimentary strata in the Wuwei Basin are the lower Pleistocene Yumen conglomerate, the middle Pleistocene Jiuquan gravel bed and the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene Gobi gravel bed from bottom to top. The Gobi gravel bed can be subdivided into the Upper Pleistocene gravel bed, the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene loess layer and the Holocene gravel bed. In the early Pleistocene, the Yumen conglomerate’s source material is mainly Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks. The main provenance area of the Yumen conglomerate is located in the Qilian Mountains south to the Wuwei Basin. The main sedimentary area of the Yumen conglomerate is located in the Zoulang Nan Shan located in the southern part of the Wuwei Basin and the southern part of the northern fault basin. In the middle Pleistocene, the Jiuquan gravel bed’s source material is mainly Cenozoic and Mesozoic rocks. In the early sedimentary stage of the Jiuquan gravel bed, the main provenance area is located in the Zoulang Nan Shan and the main sedimentary area is located in the northern part of Wuwei Basin. In the late sedimentary stage, the main provenance area of the Jiuquan gravel bed is located in the Zoulang Nan Shan and the Fenmen Mountain located in the northwestern margin of the Wuwei Basin, and the main sedimentary area is located in most of the northern fault basin and the surrounding area of the Fenmen Mountain. Since late Pleistocene, the Gobi gravel bed’s source material is mainly early Paleozoic rocks. The main provenance area of the Gobi gravel bed is located in the Zoulang Nan Shan, the Fenmen Mountain and the Longshou Mountain, and the main sedimentary area is located around the source area.
The uplift boundary of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau continued to expand towards the northeast direction. The uplift boundary was located in the Qilian Mountains south to the Wuwei Basin in the early Pleistocene. It extended northward to the Zoulang Nan Shan and the Fenmen Mountain in the middle Pleistocene, and reached the Longshou Mountain north to the Wuwei Basin in the late Pleistocene. The main provenance and sedimentary areas of the Quaternary sediments in the Wuwei Basin show the migration characteristics from south to north, which indicates the uplift and expansion of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The uplift time was early in the south and late in the north, and the uplift intensity was strong in the south and west and weak in the north and east.

Key words: Wuwei Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Quaternary, gravel, sedimentary process, plateau growth

摘要：

为查明第四纪以来武威盆地沉积过程和青藏高原东北缘隆升扩展特征, 文中采用沉积地层学和地层年代学方法, 对武威盆地的第四纪沉积地层进行研究。第四纪期间, 武威盆地沉积了下更新统玉门砾岩、中更新统酒泉砾石层和上更新统—全新统戈壁砾石层。早更新世, 玉门砾岩来源于祁连山, 沉积于武威盆地南部走廊南山区; 中更新世, 酒泉砾石来源于走廊南山区和武威盆地西北缘坟门山, 沉积于武威盆地北部断陷盆地沉积区; 晚更新世以来, 戈壁砾石来源于走廊南山区、坟门山和龙首山, 沉积于物源区周边地区。武威盆地及周边第四系的物源区和沉积区均呈现出自南向北发展的特征, 揭示了青藏高原东北缘隆升和向N扩展, 隆升时间南早北晚, 隆升强度南强北弱、西强东弱。

关键词: 武威盆地, 青藏高原东北缘, 第四纪, 砾石, 沉积过程, 高原隆升

CLC Number:

HE Xiang, DU Xing-xing, LIU Jian, LI Yi-hao, LI Qun. SEDIMENTARY PROCESS AND TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF WUWEI BASIN DURING THE QUATERNARY[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2022, 44(1): 76-97.

何翔, 杜星星, 刘健, 李艺豪, 李群. 武威盆地第四纪沉积过程及其构造意义[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(1): 76-97.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1 Regional morphotectonic map(base map from SRTM 90m DEM).

Fig. 2 NE structural profile in the Hexi Corridor Basin group.

Fig. 3 Quaternary comprehensive stratigraphic column in the Wuwei Basin (drawing according to Wuwei No. 2 drilling data).

Fig. 4 Geological sketch of the Wuwei Basin.

Table 1 The characteristics of Quaternary sedimentary strata in the Wuwei Basin

沉积层	主要物源	主要砾级	胶结程度	分选性	主要磨圆度
砾石层⑤	下古生界	粗砾级	未胶结	差	棱角状
黄土层④			未胶结
砾石层③	下古生界	粗砾级	半胶结—未胶结	差	棱角状
砾石层②	新生界、中生界	中砾级	胶结—半胶结	中等偏好	次圆状
砾岩层①	中生界、古生界	粗砾级	胶结	中等偏差	次棱角状

Fig. 5 Representative photos of Quaternary sedimentary strata and its boundaries in the Wuwei Basin.

Table 2 The restoration method of paleocurrent direction

方法	依据
砾石定向排列法	砾石最大扁平面的倾向同古水流方向相反
砾石层沉积厚度法	砾石层厚度减薄的方向同古水流方向相同
砾石粒度法	砾石粒度减小的方向同古水流方向相同
砾石组分法	砾石相对母岩的方向同古水流方向相同
扇体展布法	扇体展布优势方向同古水流方向相同

Table 3 Data of optically stimulated luminescence samples

采样层位	样品编号	U/μg·g^-1	Th/μg·g^-1	环境剂量率 /Gy·ka^-1	等效剂量/Gy	校正年龄/ka
砾石层③	D6224-OSL-1	4.99±0.15	34.9±1.05	6.93±0.31	190.56±7.52	27.49±1.63
砾石层②	D3175-OSL-1	4.08±0.12	9.71±0.29	3.20±0.14	377.82±10.51	118.02±5.96

Fig. 6 Quaternary sedimentary sequence histogram in the Hexi Corridor Basin group.

Fig. 7 Longitudinal section statistical interval position and palaeocurrent flow chart in the Wuwei Basin(base map from Google Earth).

Fig. 8 Characteristics of Jiuquan gravel in statistical interval of vertical section.

Fig. 9 The determination basis of palaeocurrent direction.

Fig. 10 The distribution characteristics of alluvial fans at the northern foot of the Fenmen Mountain.

Fig. 11 Sedimentary process diagram of the Wuwei Basin during the Quaternary (after SHI Ying-jun et al., 1995; CHENG Xiao-gan, 2006).

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