EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF WATER ON THE STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION MECHANISM OF CARRARA MARBLE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2017.01.004

Abstract

Abstract:

We performed deformation experiments using Carrara marble in dry and wet conditions under temperature of 400~700℃ and confining pressure 300MPa with two different strain rates. Water contents of deformed samples were measured using FTIR spectroscopy. The microstructure and deformation mechanisms of samples were observed under optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy spectroscopy analysis. The mechanical data show that samples display strain hardening at 400℃, and transition to steady creep at temperature from 500~700℃. The strength of marble reduced gradually with elevated temperatures or decreased strain rate. However, water effect to the strength of the marble is significantly weak. Microstructures observed show that the deformation is cataclastic flow in dry samples, fracture and pressure solution in wet samples at 400℃. Samples underwent brittle-plastic transition at 500℃. Dislocation glide is major deformation mechanism for dry samples at 600℃. Dislocation climb and dynamic recrystallization are major deformation mechanism for wet samples at 600℃ and for all wet samples and dry samples at 700℃. Lower strain rate and higher water content could promote the process of pressure solution and diffusion as well as dynamic recrystallization.

Key words: water, strength, deformation mechanism, Carrara marble, pressure solution, dynamic recrystallization

摘要：

采用干燥和含水Carrara大理岩样品，在温度400~700℃、围压300MPa、应变速率10^-4/s和10^-5/s条件下开展了轴向压缩实验。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪，测试了实验样品中的水含量，通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜与能谱分析了实验变形样品的微观结构。实验力学数据表明，在400℃时，样品表现为应变强化特征；在500~700℃条件下，样品转变为稳态流变。样品强度随温度增加而降低，随应变速率降低而降低；而水对大理岩强度的影响不显著。微观结构分析表明，在400℃时，大理岩以脆性破裂为主，含水样品局部出现压溶。在500℃时干样品和含水大理岩处于脆塑性转化变形域。干样品在600℃时变形以位错滑移为主，而干样品在700℃时和含水样品在600~700℃时，以位错攀移和动态重结晶为主要变形机制。较低的应变速率和较高的水含量促进了压溶作用和动态重结晶。

关键词: 水, 强度, 变形机制, 大理岩, 压溶, 动态重结晶

CLC Number:

P584

ZHANG Yu-hong, ZHOU Yong-sheng, YAO Wen-ming, HE Chang-rong, DANG Jia-xiang. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF WATER ON THE STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION MECHANISM OF CARRARA MARBLE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2017, 39(1): 54-66.

张豫宏, 周永胜, 姚文明, 何昌荣, 党嘉祥. 水对Carrara大理岩强度和变形机制影响的实验研究[J]. 地震地质, 2017, 39(1): 54-66.

References

韩亮, 周永胜, 姚文明. 2013. 中地壳断层带内微裂隙愈合与高压流体形成条件的模拟实验研究［J］. 地球物理学报, 56(1): 91-105.
HAN Liang, ZHOU Yong-sheng, YAO Wen-ming. 2013. A simulating experimental study on crack healing and the formation of high pore fluid pressure in faults of middle crust［J］. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 56(1): 91-105(in Chinese).
刘俊来, 马立杰, 崔迎春, 等. 2001. 上地壳环境中的流体作用与灰岩的脆-韧性转变［J］. 地学前缘, 8(3): 171-176.
LIU Jun-lai, MA Li-jie, CUI Ying-chun,et al. 2001. Fluid flow and brittle to ductile transition of limestone under the upper crustal conditions［J］. Earth Science Frontiers, 8(3): 171-176(in Chinese).
张媛媛, 周永胜. 2012. 断层脆塑性转化带的强度与变形机制及其流体和应变速率的影响［J］. 地震地质, 34(1): 172-194. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.01.016.
ZHANG Yuan-yuan, ZHOU Yong-sheng. 2012. The strength and deformation mechanisms of brittle-plastic transition zone, and the effects of strain rate and fluids［J］. Seismology and Geology, 34(1): 172-194(in Chinese).
周永胜, 何昌荣, 杨晓松. 2008. 中地壳韧性剪切带中的水与变形机制［J］. 中国科学 (D辑), 38(7): 819-832.
ZHOU Yong-sheng, HE Chang-rong, YANG Xiao-song. 2008. Water contents and deformation mechanism in ductile shear zone of middle crust along the Red River Fault in southwestern China［J］. Science in China(Ser D), 51(10): 1411-1425.
De Bresser J H P, Urai J L, Olgaard D L. 2005. Effect of water on the strength and microstructure of Carrara marble axially compressed at high temperature［J］. Journal of Structural Geology, 27(2): 265-281.
Freund D, Wang Z C, Rybacki E,et al. 2004. High-temperature creep of synthetic calcite aggregates: Influence of Mn-content［J］. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 226(3-4): 433-448.
Gratier J P, Favreau P, Renard F,et al. 2002. Fluid pressure evolution during the earthquake cycle controlled by fluid flow and pressure solution crack sealing［J］. Earth, Planets and Space, 54(11): 1139-1146.
Gratier J P, Guiguet R, Renard F,et al. 2009. A pressure solution creep law for quartz from indentation experiments［J］. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114(B3): B03403.
Gratier J P, Richard J, Renard F,et al. 2011. Aseismic sliding of active faults by pressure solution creep: Evidence from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth［J］. Geology, 39(12): 1131-1134.
Herwegh M, Xiao X H, Evans B. 2003. The effect of dissolved magnesium on diffusion creep in calcite［J］. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 212(3-4): 457-470.
Renard F, Gratier J P, Jamtveit B. 2000. Kinetics of crack-sealing, intergranular pressure solution, and compaction around active faults［J］. Journal of Structural Geology, 22(10): 1395-1407.
Renard F, Ortoleva P, Gratier J P. 1997. Pressure solution in sandstones: Influence of clays and dependence on temperature and stress［J］. Tectonophysics, 280(3-4): 257-266.
Rybacki E, Evans B, Janssen C,et al. 2013. Influence of stress, temperature, and strain on calcite twins constrained by deformation experiments［J］. Tectonophysics, 601(1): 20-36.
Rybacki E, Janssen C, Wirth R,et al. 2011. Low-temperature deformation in calcite veins of SAFOD core samples(San Andreas Fault)-Microstructural analysis and implications for fault rheology［J］. Tectonophysics, 509(1-2): 107-119.
Xu L L, Evans B. 2010. Strain heterogeneity in deformed Carrara marble using a microscale strain mapping technique［J］. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(B4): B04202.
Xu L L, Renner J, Herwegh M,et al. 2009. The effect of dissolved magnesium on creep of calcite Ⅱ: Transition from diffusion creep to dislocation creep［J］. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 157(3): 339-358.

[1]	LIU Wei, BAI Xi-min, LÜ Shao-jie, SHI Zhe-ming, QI Zhi-yu, HE Guan-ru. HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES ESTIMATION BY WATER LEVEL IN RESPONSE TO BAROMETRIC PRESSURE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(3): 652-667.
[2]	LI Ji-ye, YAN Rui, ZHANG Si-meng, HU Lan-bin, MENG Ling-lei, ZHOU Chen. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TIDAL RESPONSE OF WELL WATER LEVEL AND MODULATION OF SMALL EARTHQUAKES [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(3): 668-688.
[3]	SHEN Hua-liang, YANG Yao, ZHOU Zhi-hua, RUI Xue-lian, LIAO Xiao-feng, ZHAO De-yang, LIANG Ming-jian, CHEN Meng-die, GUAN Zhi-jun, REN Hong-wei. GENESIS AND DEEP GEOTHERMAL PROCESS OF MAOYA HOT SPRINGS IN LITANG, WESTERN SICHUAN [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(3): 689-709.
[4]	LEI Hui-ru, ZHOU Yong-sheng. EMPIRICAL QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRENGTH AND SEISMOGENIC DEPTHS FOR THE BRITTLE-DUCTILE TRANSITION OF CONTINENTAL FAULT ZONE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(1): 29-48.
[5]	LI Shu-peng, ZHU Yi-qing, JIA Yuan, CUI Hua-wei, YIN Hai-tao, WU Shuang, WANG Feng-ji, LU Han-peng. INFLUENCE OF GROUNDWATER AND LAND SUBSIDENCE ON THE MOBILE GRAVIMETRY ALONG THE YISHU FAULT ZONE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2022, 44(5): 1203-1224.
[6]	NIU Lu, ZHOU Yong-sheng, YAO Wen-ming, MA Xi, HE Chang-rong. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE TRANSIENT CREEP OF GRANITE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2021, 43(1): 20-35.
[7]	DANG Jia-xiang, ZHOU Yong-sheng. DEFORMATION MECHANISM OF GRANITIC ROCKS IN BRITTLE-PLASTIC TRANSITION ZONE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2020, 42(1): 198-211.
[8]	ZHANG Shu, HE Chang-rong. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF INTERGRANULAR PRESSURE SOLUTION OF PLAGIOCLASE GOUGE UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE: METHOD AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2019, 41(4): 1012-1026.
[9]	YANG Zhu-zhuan, DENG Zhi-hui, YANG Yue-wen, DENG Sheng-chang, LI Qing. STUDY FOR ABNORMAL VARIATIONS OF UNDERGROUND FLUID IN LIJIANG AREA, YUNNAN PROVINCE BEFORE LUDIAN M_S6.5 EARTHQUAKE IN 2014 [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2018, 40(2): 480-498.
[10]	CAI Ming-gang, LU Ren-qi, HE Hong-lin, XU Xi-wei, WANG Zhen-nan, LI Hai-ou, WU Xi-yan. EXPLORATION OF UNDERWATER THREE-DIMENSIONAL TOPOGRAPHY AND ACTIVE FAULTS: A CASE STUDY OF QIONGHAI, XICHANG [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2018, 40(1): 204-214.
[11]	LIU Yang, HE Chang-rong. FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES OF A NATURAL FAULT GOUGE FROM DRILLED CORES IN THE LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE CUTTING GRANITIC ROCK [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2017, 39(5): 917-933.
[12]	YAO Lu, MA Sheng-li, WANG Yu, HE Hong-lin, CHEN Jian-ye, YANG Xiao-song, SHIMAMOTO Toshihiko. THE VITRINITE REFLECTANCE OF FAULT ROCKS FROM THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE FAULT ZONE: CONSTRAINTS ON FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE FAULT DURING THE EARTHQUAKE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2016, 38(4): 817-829.
[13]	ZHANG Lei, LIU Yao-wei, REN Hong-wei, GUO Li-shuang. APPLICATION OF STABLE OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN ISOTOPES TO THE VERIFICATION OF GROUNDWATER ANOMALIES [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2016, 38(3): 721-731.
[14]	YU Zhong-yuan, MIN Wei, WEI Qing-hai, ZHAO Bin, MA Yan-chun. THE GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND TECTONIC DEFORMATION MECHANISM OF INVERSION STRUCTURES IN NORTHERN SONGLIAO BASIN AND THEIR SEISMO- GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A CASE FROM DA'AN-DEDU FAULT [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2015, 37(1): 13-32.
[15]	SONG Juan, ZHOU Yong-sheng, ZHONG Ke, LIU Gui, LIU Zhao-xing. THE BRITTLE-PLASTIC TRANSITION IN EXPERIMENTALLY DEFORMED HORNBLENDE UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH PRESSURE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2015, 37(1): 81-93.