THE COSEISMIC VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE OF THE 1556 HUAXIAN EARTHQUAKE

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2016.01.002

SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 22-30.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2016.01.002

• Research Paper • Previous Articles Next Articles

THE COSEISMIC VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE OF THE 1556 HUAXIAN EARTHQUAKE

MA Ji^1,2, FENG Xi-jie², LI Gao-yang², LI Xiao-ni², ZHANG Yi²

1. State Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China;
2. Earthquake Administration of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710068, China

Received:2016-02-29 Online:2016-03-20 Published:2016-05-17

1556年华县地震地表破裂带同震垂直位移

马冀^1,2, 冯希杰², 李高阳², 李晓妮², 张艺²

1. 中国地震局地质研究所, 活动构造与火山重点实验室, 北京 100029;
2. 陕西省地震局, 西安 710068

作者简介:马冀,女,1984年生,中国地震局地质研究所在读博士研究生,工程师,主要从事活动构造与新构造研究,电话:029-88465334,E-mail:jima.geo@gmail.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(41502205)资助

Abstract

Abstract:

Coseismic displacement plays a role in earthquake surface rupture, which not only reflects the magnitude scale but also has effect on estimates of fault slip rate and earthquake recurrence intervals. A great historical earthquake occurred in Huaxian County on the 23^rd January 1556, however, there was lack of surface rupture records and precise coseismic vertical displacements. It's known that the 1556 Huaxian earthquake was caused by Huashan front fault and Weinan plateau front fault, which are large normal faults in the east part of the southern boundary faults in Weihe Basin controlling the development of the basin in Quaternary. Here, we made a study on three drilling sites in order to unveil the coseismic vertical displacements.
It is for the first time to get the accurate coseismic vertical displacements, which is 6m at Lijiapo site of Huashan front fault, 7m at Caiguocun site, and 6m at Guadicun site of Weinan plateau front fault. These coseismic displacements measured based on same layers of drilling profiles both at footwall and hanging wall are different from the results measured by former geomorphological fault scarps. It's estimated that some scarps are related with the nature reformation and the human beings' activities, for example, fluviation or terracing field, instead of earthquake acticity, which leads to some misjudgment on earthquake displacements. Moreover, the vertical displacements from the measurement of geomorphological scarps alone do not always agree with the virtual ones. Hence, we assume that the inconsistency between the results from drilling profiles and geomorphological scarps in this case demonstrates that the fault scarp surface may have been demolished and rebuilt by erosion or human activities.

Key words: 1556 Huaxian earthquake, coseismic vertical displacement, Huashan front fault, Weinan plateau front fault

摘要：

同震位移量作为地震地表破裂带的要素之一,其大小不仅反映了地震的震级,而且也影响到对地震断层滑动速率和大震重现间隔长短的估计。1556年华县8级地震造成了83万多人的死亡和失踪,是鄂尔多斯周缘断陷活动带活跃期造成地震灾害伤亡最严重的1次地震,但长期以来缺少该次地震地表破裂带准确的同震位移量。文中通过对华山山前断裂李家坡剖面和渭南塬前断裂蔡郭村等剖面地貌学、钻探及探槽等古地震研究手段,首次较准确地获得了1556年华县大地震时华山山前断裂带华县李家坡6m同震垂直位移、渭南塬前断裂带赤水蔡郭村7m及瓜底村6m的同震垂直位移。这是由断层两盘同一地层位错量测得到的同震垂直位移量,与以往仅通过地表断层陡坎量测估算的同震位移有一定的差别。

关键词: 1556年华县地震, 同震垂直位移, 华山山前断裂, 渭南塬前断裂

CLC Number:

P315.2

MA Ji, FENG Xi-jie, LI Gao-yang, LI Xiao-ni, ZHANG Yi. THE COSEISMIC VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE OF THE 1556 HUAXIAN EARTHQUAKE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2016, 38(1): 22-30.

马冀, 冯希杰, 李高阳, 李晓妮, 张艺. 1556年华县地震地表破裂带同震垂直位移[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(1): 22-30.

References

国家地震局"鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系"课题组. 1988. 鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系[M]. 北京:地震出版社.
The Research Group on "Active Fault System around Ordos Massif", State Seismological Bureau. 1998. Active Fault System around Ordos Massif[M]. Seismological Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
郭增建. 1957. 1556 年 1 月 23 日关中大地震［J］. 地球物理学报, 6(1):59-68.
GUO Zeng-jian. 1957. On the Shensi earthquake of January 23, 1556［J］. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 6(1):59-68(in Chinese).
韩恒悦, 贺明静, 李永善. 1987. 渭河盆地东部地区的活断层［J］. 地震地质, 9(2):85-90.
HAN Heng-yue, HE Ming-jing, LI Yong-shan. 1987. The active faults in the eastern of the Weihe Basin［J］. Seismology and Geology, 9(2):85-90(in Chinese).
贺明静. 1990. 华县地震灾害研究[M]. 西安:陕西人民教育出版社.
HE Ming-jing. 1990. Huaxian Great Earthquake in 1556[M]. Shaanxi People's Education Press, Xi'an(in Chinese).
侯建军. 1985. 1556年陕西省华县大震的地震地质条件［J］. 西北地震学报, 7(1):66-74.
HOU Jian-jun. 1985. The seismic and geologic conditions of the earthquake in Huaxian, Shaanxi(M=8.0, Jan 23, 1556)［J］. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 7(1):66-74(in Chinese).
雷姚琪, 张安良. 1985. 关于渭河盆地的活动断裂、断裂深度及孕震的断裂深部展布条件［J］. 西北地震学报, 增刊:75-80.
LEI Yao-qi, ZHANG An-liang. 1985. The distributions on active faults, depth of the fault and the deep seismic fault［J］. Northwestern Seismological Journal, Supplement:75-80(in Chinese).
李永善. 1992. 西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究[M]. 北京:地震出版社.
LI Yong-shan. 1992. Research on Ground Fissures in Xi'an Region and Active Faults in Weihe Basin[M]. Seismologica Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
宋治平, 张国民, 刘杰, 等. 2011. 全球地震目录[M]. 北京:地震出版社.
SONG Zhi-ping, ZHANG Guo-min, LIU Ji, et al. 2011. Global Earthquake Catalog[M]. Seismological Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
王景明. 1980. 1556年陕西华县大地震的地面破裂［J］. 地震学报, 2(4):430-437.
WANG Jing-ming. 1980. Ground ruptures during the large earthquake of 1556, Huaxian County, Shaanxi［J］. Acta Seismological Sinica, 2(4):430-437(in Chinese).
谢毓寿. 1992. 1556 年关中大地震的震级［J］. 灾害学, 7(1):10-13.
XIE Yu-shou. 1992. On magnitude of 1556 Guanzhong great earthquake［J］. Journal of Catastrophology, 7(1):10-13(in Chinese).
徐锡伟, 张宏卫, 邓起东. 1988. 渭河盆地华山山前断裂带古地震遗迹及重复间隔［J］. 地震地质, 10(4):206.
XU Xi-wei, ZHANG Hong-wei, DENG Qi-dong. 1988. The paleoearthquake traces on Huashan front fault zone in Weihe Basin and its earthquake intervals［J］. Seismology and Geology, 10(4):206(in Chinese).
杨源源, 高占武, 徐伟. 2012. 华山山前断裂中段第四纪活动的地貌表现及响应［J］. 震害防御技术, 7(4):335-347.
YANG Yuan-yuan, GAO Zhan-wu, XU Wei. 2012. Geomorphic expression and response of the activity along the middle section of Huashan front fault in the late Quaternary period［J］. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 7(4):335-347(in Chinese).
原廷宏, 冯希杰. 2010. 一五五六年华县特大地震[M]. 北京:地震出版社.
YUAN Ting-hong, FENG Xi-jie. 2010. The 1556 Great Huaxian Earthquake[M]. Seismological Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
岳乐平, 薛祥熙. 1996. 中国黄土古地磁学[M]. 北京:地质出版社.
YUE Le-ping, XUE Xiang-xi. 1996. Paleomagnetism of Chinese Loess[M]. Geological Publishing House, Beijing(in Chinese).
张安良, 米丰收, 种瑾. 1989. 1556年陕西华县大地震形变遗迹及华山山前断裂古地震研究［J］. 地震地质, 11(3):73-81.
ZHANG An-liang, MI Feng-shou, Chong Jin. 1989. Deformation relics of the 1556 Huaxian(Shaaxi China)great earthquake and the study of palaeoseismicity on the frontal fault zone of the Huashan Mts［J］. Seismology and Geology, 11(3):73-81(in Chinese).
Burbank D W, Anderson R S. 2011. Tectonic Geomorphology 2^nd Edition[M]. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Gold P O, Oskin M E, Elliott A J, et al. 2013. Coseismic slip variation assessed from terrestrial LiDAR scans of the El Mayor-Cucapah surface rupture［J］. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 366:151-162.
Kaizuka S, Matsuda T, Oike K, et al. 1992. Active faults in the Weihe Basin and ground fissures in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China[R]. A report on the Japan-China cooperative studies on earthquake prediction(1987-1989)(in Japanese with English abstract).
McCalpin J P. 2009. Paleoseismology 2^nd Edition[M]. Academic Press.

THE COSEISMIC VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE OF THE 1556 HUAXIAN EARTHQUAKE

1556年华县地震地表破裂带同震垂直位移

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 1

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments