Abstract: The characteristics shared by the ground water anomalies prior to the major shocks occurring in China indicate that the areas of anomalies distribution show a ellipse and four quadrants with a major axis concordant with the seismogenic structures and the iso-seisms. At the magistoseismic area and both ends of it, the changes of anomaly having occurred somewhat late come to a maximum values. For the surroundings of the magistoseismic area the peak of anomaly arising earlier decreases gradually. The change of anomaly shows a tendency to extend gradually toward the epicenter from the surroundings; it goes with an interval, to result in a few of clusters of peaks.We have presented some empirical regularities to determine the epicenter, magnitude, time of earthquake occurrence and the depth of hypocenters in terms of these characteristics in question. It is of practical significance in telling the disturbances from the seismic anomalies. The writer assumed that the predisplacements prior to the quake and the interlayer decoupling are the cause of the ground water anomalies by which the physical process for the development of ground water anomalies may be interpreted. The parameters for the ground water anomalies and the differences in the presence of hydro-geological background have been analyzed by the two mechnisms.

摘要： 本文总结了我国大震前地下水异常的共同特征,表明异常的分布区域呈椭圆状和四象限,其长轴与发震构造和等震线相一致;在极震区及其两端,异常变化幅度最大,出现时间较晚。异常呈间歇性出现,形成多次高潮。根据上述特征,本文探讨了判断未来地震的震中、震级、发震时间与震源深度的经验性规律。作者认为,震前的预位移和层间解缚是造成地下水异常的主要原因。