GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL GAS IN ACTIVE FAULT ZONE AND ITS IMPLICATION TO THE ADJUSTMENT OF REGIONAL STRESS FIELD IN THE SOUTHERN AREA OF LIAONING PROVINCE

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.03.007

Abstract

Abstract:

As an important geochemical observation method, the measurement of gas concentration in fault soil is an important geochemical method to reveal fault properties, fault activities and the adjustment of regional stress field.

Historical moderate-strong earthquake activity is frequent in the southern Liaoning Province, especially in Jinzhou Fault and Haicheng Fault, where many mid-strong earthquakes occurred. So, carrying out continuous observation of soil gas concentration in different sections of Jinzhou Fault and Haicheng Fault in the southern Liaoning Province can provide an important means for analyzing fault activity status and regional stress field adjustment and the characteristics of seismicity.
In this study, we laid out 4 cross-fault measurement lines of soil gas in Jiuzhai-Gaizhoubei section and Gaizhoubei-Anshannan section of Jinzhou Fault and 2 measurement lines on the Haicheng Fault. Based on the results of cross-fault soil gas Rn, CO₂ and H₂ concentrations measured 7 times from 2018 to 2022 at totally 6 profiles across the Jinzhou and Haicheng faults, and combined with the research results of geological structure, seismic activity, abnormal development of hydrogen in Panjin NO.1 well, GPS observation, b-value variation in the study area and cross-fault leveling in Jinzhou Fault, the paper discusses the concentration intensity and distribution characteristics of fault soil gases of the study area, and the results are as follows:
(1)The concentrations and distribution patterns of soil gas Rn, CO₂ and H₂ vary greatly in different faults. The concentration of Rn varies from 2.45kBq·m^-3 to 140.73kBq·m^-3, while that of CO₂ is between 0.19%-9.55%, and H₂ are from 0.48ppm to 1 527ppm.
In most cases, the distribution of soil gas concentrations on each profile is of single-peak shape and the soil gas concentrations are higher at the outcrops or hanging wall of the fault. The main reason causing this phenomenon is the difference of the fault properties in different sections and the geological features.
(2)The soil gas Rn, CO₂ and H₂ for the same profile with different periods has a similar consistent variation. The soil gas Rn has a high correlation with CO₂, which means that the soil gas Rn is affected by carrier gas of CO₂ when migrating and redistributing to the ground along the structural crack of the fault.
(3)The spatial patterns for the mean concentrations of soil gas Rn, CO₂ and H₂ in the northern area are higher than those in the southern region within the study area, which could be attributed to the characteristics of geologic structure, underground medium structure and vertical crustal deformation, as well as the geological condition of each site.
(4)The temporal variation for the mean concentration values of soil gas Rn, CO₂ and H₂ of each site has a similar consistent trend, and its dynamic changes show two stages: The mean concentrations of soil gas Rn, CO₂ and H₂ have a gradual increase trend from May, 2018 to May, 2020, but with a downward recovery trend from October, 2020 to 2022. Combined with seismic activity, abnormal development of hydrogen in Panjin NO.1 well, GPS observation, b-value variation in the study area, cross-fault leveling in Jinzhou Fault and other analysis results, we found that this temporal variation of geochemical characteristics in the study area might be mainly controlled by the properties of fault activity, seismic activity and adjustment of regional stress field. When the fault is under the action of continuous tensile stress, the increase of seismic activity and regional stress field could promote the release of fault soil gas, which might be the reason causing the concentration abnormalities of soil gas.
In a word, it is of great scientific significance to carry out the continuous observation of soil gas on the main active faults in the southern area of Liaoning Province. This research proved that the tectonic geochemical observation with frequent multiple phases not only can provide geochemical data for analyzing the characteristics of gas released on the fault zone in the southern area of Liaoning Province, but also can reflect tectonic activity status and the changes of the regional stress field effectively, which means it might be a good tool for earthquake prediction and monitoring of fault movement.

Key words: fault soil gas, geochemical characteristics, seismic activity, regional stress field, southern area of Liaoning Province

摘要：

辽南地区历史中强地震活动频繁, 尤其是金州断裂与海城河断裂, 近代曾发生多次中强地震。对辽南地区金州断裂不同区段与海城河断裂开展多期次构造地球化学土壤气浓度观测, 可为查明断层活动状态、区域应力调整与分析地震活动规律及特征起到至关重要的作用。文中对辽南地区2条活动断裂的6条剖面进行了多期跨断层土壤气Rn、 CO₂与H₂浓度观测。测量结果表明, 同一剖面、不同期次断层土壤气的浓度变化趋势基本一致, 但断层不同区段的土壤气浓度变化存在一定差异, 分析认为不同区段的断层性质及地质地貌等特征是造成这种差异性的主要原因之一。各剖面土壤气浓度的时空变化特征显示, 金州断裂与海城河断裂土壤气浓度空间变化特征在一定范围内主要受地质构造、地下介质结构与地壳垂直速率变化等因素控制, 土壤气浓度的时间变化特征主要与断裂活动性质、地震活动及区域应力调整作用有关。研究结果表明, 多期次构造地球化学观测方法可有效反映断层活动状态, 对区域应力调整具有良好的指示意义, 是进行监视断层活动与地震监测预测的一种有效手段。

关键词: 断层土壤气, 地球化学特征, 地震活动, 区域应力场, 辽南地区

WANG Xi-long, LUO Yin-hua, JIN Xiu-ying, YANG Meng-yao, KONG Xiang-rui. GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL GAS IN ACTIVE FAULT ZONE AND ITS IMPLICATION TO THE ADJUSTMENT OF REGIONAL STRESS FIELD IN THE SOUTHERN AREA OF LIAONING PROVINCE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(3): 710-734.

王喜龙, 罗银花, 金秀英, 杨梦尧, 孔祥瑞. 辽南地区断裂带的断层土壤气地球化学特征及其对区域应力调整的指示[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(3): 710-734.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1 Sketch map showing historical earthquakes and tectonic setting in the southern area of Liaoning Province.

Table 1 The basic information of the observation lines for soil gas

序号	测线名称	测线代号	测线长度/m	测点数	断裂名称
1	于家沟	YJG	480	16	金州断裂
2	兴隆屯	XLT	290	16
3	博洛铺	BLP	360	16
4	虹溪谷	HXG	460	16
5	小河村	XHC	590	16	海城河断裂
6	营城子	YCZ	460	16

Table 2 The soil gas concentration of survey lines in the study area

Fig. 2 Distribution of soil gas Rn in the southern area of Liaoning Province.

Fig. 3 Distribution of soil gas CO2 in the southern area of Liaoning Province.

Fig. 4 Distribution of soil gas H2 in the southern area of Liaoning Province.

Fig. 5 The spatial and temporal variations for soil gas of Rn, CO2 and H2.

Table 3 The mean concentration of soil gas for each section

剖面	测点浓度
	Rn/kBq·m^-3	CO₂/%	H₂/ppm
YJG	32.74	2.12	250.10
XLT	52.56	1.68	177.99
XHC	37.35	1.37	170.23
YCZ	26.13	0.98	179.76
BLP	26.63	1.73	133.01
HXG	15.22	0.59	201.21

Fig. 6 The spatial distribution of ML≥2.0 earthquakes from 2018 to 2022 in the southern area of Liaoning Province.

Fig. 7 The earthquake sequence of Haicheng and Gaizhou from 2018 to 2022.

Fig. 8 The spatial distribution of anomalies(a)for the hydrogen of Panjin No.1 well(b) and earthquake swarm of Qingshiling(c).

Fig. 9 The GPS strain features in the southern area of Liaoning Province.

Fig. 10 The b-value variation in the old seismic area of Haicheng and Gaizhou.

Fig. 11 The variation curves of cross-fault leveling in Jinzhou.

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