Abstract: As the rock samples will produce abnormal signals of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals under external loading, the waveform comprehensive monitoring devices are used to synchronously monitor acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals during the deformation and failure process of granite with fault zone under uniaxial compression. The results show that, the granite with fault zone has obvious synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction in the elastic deformation stage, and has high amplitude synchronous precursory signals in the instability destruction stage. The influence of fault zone on granite samples strength is remarkable, and the uniaxial compressive strength of samples with the fault zone is greatly reduced. With the angle of the fault zone decreasing, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimens is reduced, the samples are more liable to instability and the energy of instability destruction is greater. With the fault zone angle of granite samples decreasing, the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signals increase in the deformation and failure process of samples. The samples stress decreases when the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals appear synchronously. The duration of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals is increasing in the instability destruction stage. When the angle of the fault zone reaches 30°, the mutability of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signal increases, the time to enter the dangerous stage is much earlier, and the acoustic emission events of large magnitude increase significantly, and the large angle faults of coal mine are more dangerous. The intensive and high amplitude synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced before the instability destruction, and the signals duration is shorter. The intensive and strongest synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced in the instability destruction, and the signals duration is longer. Acoustic emission monitoring data can better reflect the micro rupture of rock. And combined with the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals, the precursory information of rock instability destruction can be obtained more accurately.

Key words: fault zone, instability destruction, acoustic emission, microseism, charge induction

摘要： 针对岩样在外载荷作用下失稳破坏前有声发射、微震和电荷等信号的异常变化特性，运用声发射、微震和电荷感应等全波形综合监测设备对含断层带花岗岩在单轴压缩下变形破裂过程的信号进行同步监测。结果表明：含断层带花岗岩在弹性变形阶段有明显的声发射、微震和电荷感应同步前兆信号，在试样失稳破坏阶段有同步的声发射、微震和电荷感应大幅值前兆信号。断层带对花岗岩试件强度的影响是显著的，含断层带试件的单轴抗压强度大大降低。随着断层带倾角的减小，试样的单轴抗压强度降低，岩样更容易失稳，失稳破坏的能量也更大。随着断层带倾角的减小，试样变形破裂过程的声发射、微震和电荷感应信号都增多，试样出现同步的前兆信号时的应力降低，在试样失稳破坏阶段声发射、微震和电荷感应前兆信号事件的持续时间都增大。断层带倾角30°时，声发射、微震和电荷感应信号突变性增加，进入危险阶段大大提前，大震级事件也显著增多，在矿井大倾角断层处更为危险。在试样失稳破坏阶段前同步产生密集且大幅值的声发射、微震和电荷感应信号，持续时间较短；在试样失稳破坏阶段同步产生密集且最强的声发射、微震和电荷感应信号，持续时间较长。声发射监测数据能较好地反映岩石的微小破裂情况，对声发射、微震和电荷感应前兆信号相结合分析，可以更准确地获得岩石失稳破坏的前兆信息。

关键词: 断层带, 失稳破坏, 声发射, 微震, 电荷感应