ISOSTATIC GRAVITY ANOMALY AND DENSITY STRUCTURE BENEATH POTASSIC VOLCANIC REGION IN NORTHERN TIBET

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.04.011

Abstract

Abstract: This paper uses two techniques of isostatic correction and two-dimensional density fitting to analyze Bouguer gravity anomaly in Tibet,and obtains the regional and residual isostatic gravity anomaly in Tibet and two-dimensional density structure along 88.5°E. The results show that the crust and upper mantle beneath northern Tibet are in a deficit state with a lower density than other regions in Tibet. Based on the existing data of regional geology,tectonics,geophysics and geochemical characteristics of magmatic rocks in the northern Tibet,those great eruptions of potassic volcanoes in northern Tibet are the result of break-off of the front of lithosphere mantle of Asia under on-going northward subduction of the Indian lithosphere mantle since～65Ma.

Key words: northern Tibet, potassic volcanic area, Bouguer gravity anomaly, isostatic gravity anomaly, density structure

摘要： 利用青藏高原布格重力异常数据，通过均衡改正和二维密度结构拟合反演，获得了藏北钾质火山岩区下的区域剩余均衡重力异常特征以及二维密度结构特征。结果显示，藏北火山岩区下的地壳上地幔整体上处于密度亏损状态。结合已有的区域地质、构造和岩浆岩地球化学资料，地球物理资料，综合分析了藏北火山岩成因，即在印度板块持续北向俯冲作用下，使得亚洲岩石圈前缘发生断离，进而在新近纪藏北高原广泛地发生了钾质和高钾质的藏北火山喷发，同时也造成了藏北高原的快速隆升。

关键词: 藏北高原, 钾质火山岩区, 布格重力异常, 均衡重力异常, 密度结构

CLC Number:

P312.4

LIU Guo-cheng, QIN Zun-li, HE Ri-zheng, WU Yan-gang. ISOSTATIC GRAVITY ANOMALY AND DENSITY STRUCTURE BENEATH POTASSIC VOLCANIC REGION IN NORTHERN TIBET[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2013, 35(4): 817-832.

刘国成, 秦尊丽, 贺日政, 吴燕冈. 藏北高原钾质火山岩区的均衡重力异常与密度结构[J]. 地震地质, 2013, 35(4): 817-832.

References

CHI Xiao-guo, LI Cai, JIN Wei.2005.Cenozoic volcanism and lithospheric tectonic evolution in Qiangtang area, northern Tibetan plateau［J］.Science in China(Ser D), 35(5): 399—410(in Chinese).
邓万明, 孙宏娟.1998.青藏北部板内火山岩的同位素地球化学与源区特征［J］.地学前缘, 5(4): 307—317.
DENG Wan-ming, SUN Hong-juan.1998.Isotopic geochemistry and source of intraplate volcanic rocks in North Tibet, China［J］.Earth Science Frontiers, 5(4): 307—317(in Chinese).
邓万明, 孙宏娟, 张玉泉.1999.青海囊谦盆地新生代火山岩的k-Ar年龄［J］.科学通报, 44(20): 2554—2558.
DENG Wan-ming, SUN Hong-juan, ZHANG Yu-quan.1999.K-Ar ages of Cenozoic volcanism from Nangqian Basin, Qinghai［J］.Chinese Science Bulletin, 44(20): 2554—2558(in Chinese).
邓万明, 孙宏娟, 张玉泉.2001.囊谦盆地新生代钾质火山岩成因岩石学研究［J］.地质科学, 36(3): 304—318.
DENG Wan-ming, SUN Hong-juan, ZHANG Yu-quan.2001.Petrogenesis of Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks in the Nangqian Basin［J］.Chinese Journal of Geology, 36(3): 304—318(in Chinese).
邓万明, 郑锡澜, 松本征夫.1996.青海可可西里地区新生代火山岩的岩石特征与时代［J］.岩石矿物学, 15(4): 289—298.
DENG Wan-ming, ZHENG Xi-lan, YUKIO Matsumoto.1996.Petrological characteristics and ages of Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Hoh Xil Mts, Qinghai Province［J］.Acta Petrologica Et Mineralogica, 15(4): 289—298(in Chinese).
高锐.1997.青藏高原岩石圈结构与地球动力学的30个为什么［J］.地质论评, 43(5): 460—464.
GAO Rui.1997.Thirty problems of the lithospheric structure and geodynamics in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau［J］.Geological Review, 43(5): 460—464(in Chinese).
贺日政, 高锐, 李秋生, 等.2001.新疆天山(独山子)—西昆仑(泉水沟)地学断面地震与重力联合反演地壳构造特征［J］.地球学报, 22(6): 553—558.
HE Ri-zheng, GAO Rui, LI Qiu-sheng, et al.2001.Corridor gravity fields and crustal density structures in Tianshan(Dushanzi)-West Kunlun(Quanshuigou)GGT［J］.Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 22(6): 553—558(in Chinese).
侯增谦.2008.青藏高原碰撞造山与成矿作用［M］.北京: 地质出版社.
HOU Zeng-qian.2008.Collisional Orogeny and Mineralization in Tibet［M］.Geological Publishing House, Beijing(in Chinese).
胡敏章, 李建成.2010.顾及地壳密度模型的airy-Heiskanen均衡重力异常的计算［J］.大地测量与地球动力学, 30(5): 48—52.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-5942.2010.05.010.
HU Min-zhang, LI Jian-cheng.2010.Computation of airy-Heiskanen isosatic gravity anomaly with considering crust density model［J］.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 30(5): 48—52(in Chinese).
赖绍聪, 秦江锋, 李永飞, 等.2006.藏北羌塘比隆错一带新生代火山岩的成因: 壳幔过渡带局部熔融的地球化学证据［J］.地质通报, 25(1-2): 64—69.
LAI Shao-cong, QIN Jiang-feng, LI Yong-fei, et al.2006.Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Belogco area, Qiangtang, northern Tibet, China: Petrochemical evidence for partial melting of the mantle-crust transition zone［J］.Geological Bulletin of China, 25(1-2): 64—69(in Chinese).
李才.1987.龙木错-双湖-澜沧江板块缝合带与石炭二叠纪冈瓦纳北界［J］.长春地质学院学报, 17(2): 155—166.
LI Cai.1987.The Longmucuo-Shuanghu-Lancangjiang plate suture and the north boundary of distribution of Gondwana facies Permo-Carboniferous system in northern Xizang［J］.Journal of Changchun College of Geology, 17(2): 155—166(in Chinese).
李才, 黄小鹏, 翟庆国, 等.2006.龙木错-双湖-吉塘板块缝合带与青藏高原冈瓦纳北界［J］.地学前缘, 13(4): 136—147.
LI Cai, HUANG Xiao-peng, ZHAI Qing-guo, et al.2006.The Longmu Co-Shuanghu-Jitang plate suture and the northern boundary of Gondwanaland in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau［J］.Earth Science Frontiers, 13(4): 136—147(in Chinese).
李才, 翟庆国, 程立人, 等.2005.青藏高原羌塘地区几个关键地质问题的思考［J］.地质通报, 24(4): 295—301.
LI Cai, ZHAI Qing-guo, CHENG Li-ren, et al.2005.Thought on some key geological problems in the Qiangtang area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau［J］.Geological Bulletin of China, 24(4): 295—301(in Chinese).
李才, 翟庆国, 董永胜, 等.2007.青藏高原龙木错-双湖板块缝合带与羌塘古特提斯洋演化记录［J］.地质通报, 26(1): 13—21.
LI Cai, ZHAI Qing-guo, DONG Yong-sheng, et al.2007.Lungmu Co-Shanghu plate suture in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and records of the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the Qiangtang area, Tibet, China［J］.Geological Bulletin of China, 26(1): 13—21(in Chinese).
李光明.2000.藏北羌塘地区新生代火山岩岩石特征及其成因探讨［J］.地质地球化学, 28(2): 38—43.
LI Guang-ming.2000.Petrologic features and genesis of Cenozoic volcanic rocks, Qiangtang area, northern Tibetan plateau［J］.Geology-Geochemistry, 28(2): 38—43(in Chinese).
李秋生, 彭苏萍, 高锐.2004.青藏高原莫霍面的研究进展［J］.地质评论, 50(6): 598—612.
LI Qiu-sheng, PENG Su-ping, Gao Rui.2004.A review on the Moho discontinuity beneath the Tibetan plateau［J］.Geological Review, 50(6): 598—612(in Chinese).
刘燕平, 蔡少华.1988.青藏地区的均衡异常研究［J］.地壳形变与地震, 8(4): 394—398.
LIU Yan-ping, CAI Shao-hua.1988.Research of isostatic gravity anomaly in Tibetan plateau［J］.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake, 8(4): 394—398(in Chinese).
卢占武, 高锐, 薛爱民, 等.2006.羌塘盆地石油地震反射新剖面及基底构造浅析［J］.中国地质, 33(2): 286—290.
LU Zhan-wu, GAO Rui, XUE Ai-min, et al.2006.New seismic reflection profiles and basement structure in the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet［J］.Geology in China, 33(2): 286—290(in Chinese).
罗照华, 莫宣学, 侯增谦, 等.2006.青藏高原新生代形成演化的整合模型: 来自火成岩的约束［J］.地学前缘, 13(4): 196—211.
LUO Zhao-hua, MO Xuan-xue, HOU Zeng-qian, et al.2006.An integrated model for the Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan plateau: Constraints from igneous rocks［J］.Earth Science Frontiers, 13(4): 196—211(in Chinese).
孟令顺, 高锐, 周富祥, 等.1990.重力异常与青藏高原地壳构造［J］.长春地质学院学报, 20(3): 307—314.
MENG Ling-shun, GAO Rui, ZHOU Fu-xiang, et al.1990.Gravity anomalies and crustal structures in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau［J］.Journal of Changchun University of Earth Science, 20(3): 307—314(in Chinese).
孟令顺, 管烨, 齐立, 等.1995.格尔木—额济纳旗地学断面及其邻区重力场与深部地壳构造［J］.地球物理学报, 38: 36—45.
MENG Ling-shun, GUAN Ye, QI Li, et al.1995.Gravity field and deep crustal structure in Golmud-Ejin Qi geoscience transection and nearby area［J］.Acta Geophysica Sinica, 38: 36—45(in Chinese).
孟令顺, 齐立, 高锐, 等.1998.青藏高原北缘重力场研究［J］.物探与化探, 22(3): 183—190.
MENG Ling-shun, QI Li, GAO Rui, et al.1998.A study of the gravity field on the northern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau［J］.Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, 22(3): 183—190(in Chinese).
田黔宁, 耿涛, 杨汇群, 等.2008.青藏高原西部重力异常剖面拟合及其地质解释［J］.地质通报, 27(12): 2108—2116.
TIAN Qian-ning, GENG Tao, YANG Hui-qun, et al.2008.Gravity anomalies forward fitting and geological explanation in the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau［J］.Geological Bulletin of China, 27(12): 2108—2116(in Chinese).
王喜臣, 贾建秀, 徐宝慈.2008.羌塘盆地综合地球物理剖面的模拟解释［J］.世界地质, 27(1): 76—82.
WANG Xi-chen, JIA Jian-xiu, XU Bao-ci.2008.Analog interpretation of composite geophysical profile on tectonics of Qiangtang Basin［J］.Global Geology, 27(1): 76—82(in Chinese).
魏文博, 金胜, 叶高峰, 等.2006.藏北高原地壳及上地幔导电性结构: 超宽频带大地电磁测深研究结果［J］.地球物理学报, 49(4): 1215—1225.
WEI Wen-bo, JIN Sheng, YE Gao-feng, et al.2006.Conductivity structure of crust and upper mantle beneath the northern Tibetan plateau: Results of super-wide band magnetotelluric sounding［J］.Chinese J Geophys, 49(4): 1215—1225(in Chinese).
肖序常, 李廷栋.2000.青藏高原的构造演化与隆升机制［M］.广州: 广东科技出版社.
XIAO Xu-chang, LI Ting-dong.2000.The Tectonic Evolution and Uplift Mechanism of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau［M］.Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou(in Chinese).
邢乐林, 李建成, 李辉, 等.2007.青藏高原均衡重力异常的地震构造动力学研究［J］.大地测量与地球动力学, 27(6): 33—36.
XING Le-lin, LI Jian-cheng, LI Hui, et al.2007.Study on seismo-tectonic dynamics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from isostatic gravity anomalies［J］.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 27(6): 33—36(in Chinese).
薛光琦, 赵文津, 宿和平, 等.2011.藏北低速体存在的地震学证据: Indepth4宽频地震结果［J］.地球学报, 32(3): 331—335.doi: 10.3975/cagsb.2011.03.08.
XUE Guang-qi, ZHAO Wen-jin, SU He-ping, et al.2011.Seismological evidence for the existence of the low-velocity body in northern Tibet: A result from INDEPTH-IV based broad-band seismological study［J］.Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 32(3): 331—335(in Chinese).
尹安.2001.喜马拉雅-青藏高原造山带地质演化: 显生宙亚洲大陆生长［J］.地球学报, 22(3): 193—230.
YIN An.2001.Geologic evolution of the Himalaya-Tibet orogen in the context of Phanerozoic continental growth of Asia［J］.Acta Geosci Sinica, 22(3): 193—230(in Chinese).
苑守成, 于国明, 田黔宁.2007.青藏高原羌塘盆地重磁剖面异常与基底构造特征［J］.地质通报, 26(6): 703—709.
YUAN Shou-cheng, YU Guo-ming, TIAN Qian-ning.2007.Gravity and magnetic anomaly profiles and characteristics of basement structure in the Qiangtang Basin［J］.Geological Bulletin of China, 26(6): 703—709(in Chinese).
张赤军, 方剑, 马宗晋.2003.均衡异常与现代构造应力场的初步研究:以东海及其东缘海为例［J］.地震学报, 50(6): 598—612.
ZHANG Chi-jun, FANG Jian, MA Zong-jin.2003.Preliminary study on isostatic anomaly and recent tectonic stress field: Taking East Sea and its eastern boundary seas as example［J］.Acta Seismologica Sinica, 50(6): 598—612(in Chinese).
张春灌, 张明华, 安玉林.2007.青藏高原重力异常与地形高程的负相关校正［J］.物探与化探, 31(3): 236—239.
ZHANG Chun-guan, ZHANG Ming-hua, AN Yu-lin.2007.The negative correlation correction between gravity anomaly and topography of Tibetan plateau［J］.Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, 31(3): 236—239(in Chinese).
张永谦, 王谦身, 滕吉文.2010.川西藏东地区的地壳均衡异常及其与地震分布的关系［J］.地球物理学报, 53(11): 2631—2638.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.11.011.
ZHANG Yong-qian, WANG Qian-shen, TENG Ji-wen.2010.The crustal isostatic anomaly beneath Tibet and western Sichuan and its relationship with the distribution of earthquakes［J］.Chinese J Geophys, 53(11): 2631—2638(in Chinese).
郑洪伟, 贺日政.2006.多玛—德庆—达孜断面壳幔密度结构特征［J］.吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 36(1): 113—122.
ZHENG Hong-wei, HE Ri-zheng.2006.Density structure of crust and mantle beneath Duoma-Deqing-Dazi profile［J］.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 36(1): 113—122(in Chinese).
郑洪伟, 贺日政, 杨贵.2012.羌塘地体内部双湖-冈玛错-龙木错构造带地质与地球物理特征［J］.中国地质, 39(5): 1229—1235.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2012.05.010.
ZHENG Hong-wei, HE Ri-zheng, YANG Gui.2012.Geological and geophysical characteristics of Shuanghu-Gangmacuo-Longmucuo structural belt in Qiangtang area［J］.Geology in China, 39(5): 1229—1235(in Chinese).
郑洪伟, 李廷栋, 高锐.2011.青藏高原地震层析成像的研究进展［J］.物探与化探, 35(2): 160—164.
ZHENG Hong-wei, LI Ting-dong, GAO Rui.2011.The progress of seismic tomography research in the Tibetan plateau［J］.Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, 35(2): 160—164(in Chinese).
郑洪伟, 李廷栋, 高锐, 等.2007.印度板块岩石圈地幔向北俯冲到羌塘地体之下的远震P波层析成像证据［J］.地球物理学报, 40(5): 1418—1426.
ZHENG Hong-wei, LI Ting-dong, GAO Rui, et al.2007.Teleseismic P-wave tomography evidence for the Indian lithospheric mantle subducting northward beneath the Qiangtang terrane［J］.Chinese J Geophys, 40(5): 1418—1426(in Chinese).
郑洪伟, 孟令顺, 贺日政.2010.青藏高原布格重力异常匹配滤波分析及其构造意义［J］.中国地质, 37(4): 995—1001.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2010.04.014.
ZHENG Hong-wei, MENG Ling-shun, HE Ri-zheng.2010.The matched-filter analysis of Bouguer gravity anomaly in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its tectonic implications［J］.Geology in China, 37(4): 995—1001(in Chinese).
邹长桥, 贺日政, 高锐, 等.2012a.远震P波层析成像研究羌塘中央隆起带深部结构［J］.科学通报, 36(1): 113—122.
ZOU Chang-qiao, HE Ri-zheng, GAO Rui, et al.2012a.Deep structure of the central uplift belt in the Qiangtang terrane, Tibetan plateau, from teleseismic P-wave tomography［J］.Chinese Science Bulletin, 36(1): 113—122(in Chinese).
邹长桥, 贺日政, 张智.2012b.藏北高原地震活动性特征及其大地构造意义［J］.地球物理学进展, 27(2): 0429—0440.doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.02.006.
ZOU Chang-qiao, HE Ri-zheng, ZHANG Zhi.2012b.Seismicity characteristics beneath the northern Tibetan plateau and its tectonic significances［J］.Progress in Geophys, 27(2): 0429—0440(in Chinese).
Armijo R, Tapponnier P, Han T.1989.Late Cenozoic right-lateral strike-slip faulting across southern Tibet［J］.J Geophys Res, 94: 2787—2838.

Armijo R, Tapponnier P, Mercier J, et al.1986.Quaternary extension in southern Tibet: Field observations and tectonic implication［J］.J Geophys Res, 91: 13803—13872.

Barazang M, Ni J.1982.Velocities and propagation characteristics of Pn and Sn beneath the Himalayan Arc and Tibetan plateau: Possible evidence for underthrusting of Indian continental lithosphere beneath Tibet［J］.Geology, 10: 179—185.

Blisniuk P M, Hacker B R, Glodny J, et al.2001.Normal faulting in central Tibet since at least 13.5 Myr ago［J］.Nature, 412: 628—632.

Chang C F, Chen N S, Coward M P, et al.1986.Preliminary conclusions of the Royal Society and Academia Sinica 1985 Geotraverse of Tibet［J］.Nature, 323(6088): 501—507.

Chen J S, Huang B C, Sun L S.2010.New constraints to the onset of the India-Asia collision: Paleomagnetic reconnaissance on the Linzizong Group in the Lhasa Block, China［J］.Tectonophysics, 489(1-4): 189—209.doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2010.04.024.
Chung S L, Chu M F, Zhang Y Q, et al.2005.Tibetan tectonic evolution inferred from spatial and temporal variations in post-collisional magmatism［J］.Earth Science Reviews, 68(3-4): 173—196.
Ding L, Kapp P, Yue Y, et al.2007.Postcollisional calc-alkaline lavas and xenoliths from the southern Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet［J］.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 254(1-2): 28—38.
Ding L, Kapp P, Zhong D, et al.2003.Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: Evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction［J］.Journal of Petrology, 44(10): 1833—1865.

Ding L, Zhou Y, Zhang J J, et al.2000.Geologic relationships and geochronology of the Cenozoic volcanoes and interbedded weathered mantles of Yulinshan in Qiangtang, North Tibet［J］.Chinese Science Bulletin, 45(24): 2214—2220.

Gao R, Lu Z W, Li Q S, et al.2005.Geophysical survey and geodynamic study of crust and upper mantle in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau［J］.Episodes, 38(4): 263—273.
Guo Z F, Wilson M, Liu J, et al.2006.Post-collisional, potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan plateau: Constraints on characteristics of the mantle source, geodynamic setting and uplift mechanisms［J］.Journal of Petrology, 47(6): 1177—1220.

Hacker B R, Gnos E, Ratschbacher L, et al.2000.Hot and dry deep crustal xenoliths from Tibet［J］.Science, 287(5462): 2463—2466.

He R Z, Zhao D P, Gao R, et al.2010.Tracing the Indian lithospheric mantle beneath central Tibetan plateau using teleseismic tomography［J］.Tectonophysics, 20(1-4): 230—243.doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2010.03.015.
Hung S H, Chen W P, Chiao L Y, et al.2010.First multi-scale, finite-frequency tomography illuminates 3-D anatomy of the Tibetan plateau［J］.Geophysical Research Letters, 37.doi: 10.1029/2009GL041875.
Li Q S, Gao R, Lu Z W, et al.2009.The thickness and structural characteristics of the crust across Tibetan plateau from active-sources seismic profiles［J］.Earthquake Science, 22(1): 21—31.doi: 10.1007/s11589-009-0021—6.

Liang X, Sandvol E, Chen Y J, et al.2012.A complex Tibetan upper mantle: A fragmented Indian slab and no south-verging subduction of Eurasian lithosphere［J］.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 333-334(1): 101—111.doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.03.036.
Molnar P.1988.A review of geophysical constraints on the deep structure of the Tibetan plateau, the Himalaya and the Karakoram, and their tectonic implications［J］.Phil Trans R Soc Lond, A326: 33—38.
Song C H, Fang X M, Gao J P, et al.2003.Magnetostratigraphy of late Cenozoic fossil mammals in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau［J］.Chinese Science Bulletin, 48(2): 188—193.

Tian X, Wu Q J, Zhang Z J, et al.2005.Identification of multiple reflected phases from migration receiver function profile: An example for the INDEPTH-Ⅲ passive teleseismic P waveform data［J］.Geophysical Research Letters, 32: L08301.
Turner S, Hawkesworth C, Liu J, et al.1993.Timing of Tibetan uplift constrained by analysis of volcanic rocks［J］.Nature, 364: 50—54.

Williams H M, Turner S P, Pearce J A, et al.2004.Nature of the source regions for post-collisional, potassic magmatism in southern and northern Tibet from geochemical variation and inverse trace element modeling［J］.Journal of Petrology, 45(3): 555—607.

Wittlinger, Vergne J, Tapponnier P, et al.2004.Teleseismic imaging of subducting lithosphere and Moho offsets beneath western Tibet［J］.ESPL, 221: 117—130.
Xu X W, Tan X B, Yu G H, et al.2013.Normal- and oblique-slip of the 2008 Yutian earthquake: Evidence for eastward block motion, northern Tibetan plateau［J］.Tectonophysics, 584: 152—165.doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.08.007.

Yin A, Kapp P A, Murphy M A, et al.1999.Significant late Neogene east-west extension in northern Tibet［J］.Geology, 27(9): 787—790.

Zhang H, Zhao D P, Zhao J M, et al.2012.Convergence of the Indian and Eurasian plates under eastern Tibet revealed by seismic tomography［J］.Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 13(6): 1—11.doi: 10.1029/2012GC004031.
Zhang Z J, Klemperer S L.2005.West-east variation in crustal thickness in northern Lhasa block, central Tibet, from deep seismic sounding data［J］.J Geophys Res, 110: B09403.
Zhang Z J, Klemperer S, Bai Z, et al.2011.Crustal structure of the Paleozoic Kunlun orogeny from an active-source seismic profile between Moba and Guide in east Tibet, China［J］.Gondwana Research, 19(4): 994—1007.doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2010.09.008.

Zhao W J, Mechie J, Brown L D, et al.2001.Crustal structure of the central Tibet as derived from project INDEPTH wide-angle seismic data［J］.Geophys J Int, 145: 486—498.

[1]	XU Zhi-ping, ZHANG Yang, YANG Li-pu, XU Shun-qiang, JIANG Lei, TANG Lin, LIN Ji-yan. STUDY ON THE DEEP STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTIC OF MAIN ACTIVE FAULTS IN HENAN PROVINCE AND ITS ADJACENT AREAS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2022, 44(6): 1521-1538.
[2]	WU Gui-ju, YU Bing-fei, HAO Hong-tao, HU Min-zhang, TAN Hong-bo. THE DEEP STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE SEIS-MOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE YANGBI EARTHQUAKE REGION AND ITS SURROUNDING AREAS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND EGOLOGY, 2021, 43(4): 739-756.
[3]	LI Zhe-jun, YI Chong-zheng, ZHOU Dong-rui, ZHENG Hai-gang, WANG Jun, LI Jun-hui, NI Hong-yu. MULTI-SCALE DECOMPOSITION OF GRAVITY ANOMALY OF THE EASTERN DABIE OROGEN AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2021, 43(1): 158-176.
[4]	XU Zhi-ping, WANG Fu-yun, JIANG Lei, ZHAO Yan-na, YANG Li-pu, TANG Lin. THE THREE DIMENSIONAL DENSITY STRUCTURE OF CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE IN THE CENTRAL-SOUTHERN PART OF LONGMENSHAN [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2019, 41(1): 84-98.
[5]	JIANG Lei, XU Zhi-ping, FANG Sheng-ming, YANG Li-pu, LI Yi-qing, XU Shun-qiang. DEEP STRUCTURE OF NORTHERN HENAN PROVINCE AND ADJACENT AREAS DERIVED FROM GRAVITY AND SEISMIC SOUNDING DATA IN RELATION TO DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2018, 40(2): 323-336.
[6]	LIU Xing-wang, YUAN Dao-yang, ZOU Xiao-bo, LIU Yu. ACTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SANWEISHAN FAULT IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING LATE PLEISTOCENE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2018, 40(1): 121-132.
[7]	TAN Hong-bo, SHEN Chong-yang, XUAN Song-bai, WU Gui-ju, YANG Guang-liang, WANG Jian. THE SEISMOGENIC ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS OF LUDIAN M_S6.5 EARTHQUAKE USING GRAVITY DATA [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2017, 39(2): 356-373.
[8]	WANG Xin, ZHANG Jing-fa, FU Ping-jie, GAO Min. DEEP STRUCTURES OF YISHU FAULT ZONE DERIVED FROM GRAVITY DATA [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2015, 37(3): 731-747.
[9]	LI Zhe-jun, XU Ru-gang, ZHANG Wei-jing, ZHANG Yi, LI Hui, YANG Guang-liang, LONG Jian-feng. ISOSTATIC GRAVITY ANOMALY, STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND SEISMICITY OF NORTH CHINA CRATON [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2015, 37(2): 496-509.
[10]	TANG Xin-gong, YOU Shuang-shuang, HU Wen-bao, YAN Liang-jun. THE CRUSTAL DENSITY STRUCTURE UNDERNEATH LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2012, 34(1): 28-38.
[11]	ZHENG Wen-jun, ZHANG Pei-zhen, YUAN Dao-yang, GE Wei-peng, LIU Jian-hui. DISCOVERY OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE ON THE SOUTH OF HELISHAN IN GAOTAI,GANSU PROVINCE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2009, 31(2): 247-255.
[12]	LIU Zhan-po, GAO Xiang-lin, LI Yi-shi. DENSITY STRUCTURE OF THE TAIHANG MOUNTAINS GRAVITY ANOMALY ZONE AND ITS GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2003, 25(2): 266-273.
[13]	Yin Xiuhua, Li Yishi, Liu Zhanpo. GRAVITY FIELD AND CRUST UPPER MANTLE STRUCTURE OVER THE TARIM BAISIN [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 1998, 20(4): 370-378.