DISTRIBUTION OF THE KNICKPOINTS IN FLUVIAL GULLIES IN RESPONSE TO THE EVENTS OF HOLOCENE FAULT ACTIVITY ——A CASE STUDY OF THE JIAOCHENG FAULT IN SHANXI

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.02.005

Abstract

Abstract: Jiaocheng Fault zone is located in central Shanxi downfaulted system,and controlls the western margin of the Jinzhong Basin. It starts at Nitun town,Yangqu County in the north and ends to the west of Fenyang city in the south,about 125km long,striking NE and dipping SE.Based on the survey and research of 41 gullies and 124 knickpoints along Jiaocheng Fault zone,this paper discusses the distribution characteristics of knickpoints of the gullies along Jiaocheng Fault zone: ①The number of knickpoint series of upstream gully is positively proportional to the length of upstream gully; ②The distance of knickpoints is positively proportional to the length of the gully in each class knickpoints.③The distance of different class knickpoints is close to equal in about 1/3 gullies,and it reflects equal interval in time of the fault activity with vertical displacement; ④Bedrock knickpoints and knickpoints in loose sediments have commonness,there isnt obvious difference between them; ⑤ 1～5m high knickpoints accounted for 72%of the total 124 knickpoints in the survey area,the height of the main knickpoints reflects the vertical displacement of the fault activity; ⑥With the comparison of the paleoearthquake events revealed by the excavation of trenches along the fault zone,the latest first,second,third class knickpoints in survey area are corresponding with three faulting events occurring respectively 3.06～3.74ka,5.91ka and 8.53～8.56ka BP; ⑦taking the time of the paleoearthquake events as a reference,the headward erosion rates of the first knickpoints of a-d grade gullies are 0.6～0.7cm/yr,2.7～3.3cm/yr,5.6～6.8cm/yr and 8.4～10.2cm/yr,respectively. The rates of the second class knickpoints of b-d grade gullies are 2.6cm/yr,4.6cm/yr and 8.4cm/yr,respectively; and ⑧ the average heights of the 3 events are 2.8m,3.0m and 2.6m,respectively,which match the dislocations of the 3 paleoearthquake events revealed by previous trenches. Some factors which may influence knickpoint series and knickpoint distance in the investigation of knickpoint are discussed in the end.

Key words: Jinzhong Basin, knickpoint of gully, Jiaocheng Fault, Holocene

摘要： 交城断裂带位于山西断陷系中部,是晋中盆地西界的控制性断裂。该断裂北端起自阳曲县泥屯镇,南到汾阳西侧,长约125km,总体走向NE,倾向SE。文中通过对山西交城断裂带41条冲沟124个裂点的实测和研究,论述了交城断裂带冲沟裂点的展布特征: 1)冲沟上游裂点级数的数目与冲沟上游的长度呈正比关系; 2)在各级裂点中,裂点距离与冲沟的长度呈正比关系; 3)约1/3 冲沟不同级别裂点距离接近,这种冲沟裂点的等间距反映了断层垂直位移事件活动的时间等间隔性; 4)基岩裂点和松散沉积物中的裂点具有共性,两者之间不存在明显差异; 5)在测区124个裂点中,1～5m高的裂点占裂点总数的72%,这种主体裂点高度反映了断裂位移事件的垂直活动量; 6)与该断裂带沿线开挖探槽揭示的古地震事件进行对比,调查区内最新的一、二、三级裂点分别对应距今3.06～3.74ka、5.91ka和8.53～8.56ka发生的断层活动事件; 7)以古地震事件的时间为参照,得到a～d级冲沟第一级裂点后退速率分别为0.6～0.7cm/a、2.7～3.3cm/a、5.6～6.8cm/a和8.4～10.2cm/a,b～d级冲沟第二级裂点后退速率分别为2.6cm/a、4.6cm/a和8.4cm/a; 8)这3次事件的平均高度分别为2.8m、3.0m、2.6m,与前人通过探槽揭示的3次古地震事件位错吻合。最后讨论了可能影响裂点级数及裂点距离的部分因素。

关键词: 晋中盆地, 冲沟裂点, 交城断裂, 全新世

CLC Number:

P315.2

SUN Chang-bin, XIE Xin-sheng, JIANG Wa-li. DISTRIBUTION OF THE KNICKPOINTS IN FLUVIAL GULLIES IN RESPONSE TO THE EVENTS OF HOLOCENE FAULT ACTIVITY ——A CASE STUDY OF THE JIAOCHENG FAULT IN SHANXI[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2012, (2): 254-268.

孙昌斌, 谢新生, 江娃利. 河流冲沟裂点展布对全新世断层活动事件的响应——以山西交城断裂为例[J]. 地震地质, 2012, (2): 254-268.

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