Abstract: In order to find out the cognition and response level of the public to Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake and supply a scientific basis for government to establish and implement the disaster-reduction strategy,the paper formulated a questionnaire on the public's cognition and response to earthquake disaster according to the structure system of cognition and response to earthquake disaster.The main index systems in the questionnaire include cognition to the earthquake disaster knowledge,techniques and abilities of defending and reducing the earthquake disaster,the self and mutual help and information dissemination after earthquake.Based on weight and evaluation,the paper constructed the evaluation model for each part of index system and overall evaluation model on cognition and response to earthquake disaster and calculated comprehensive score of the public's cognition and response to earthquake disaster based on it.The results show that in earthquake disaster area of Mianxian county the synthetical score of cognition and response to the earthquake disaster in the public is 49.74,the score of self and mutual help is 53.8,the score of information dissemination after earthquake is 50.9,the score of cognition to the earthquake disaster knowledge is 49.79,and the score of technique and ability of defending and reducing the earthquake disaster is 47.2.The main conclusions are as follows.(1)The comprehensive level and ability of the public's cognition and response to earthquake disaster is very low,and the earthquake knowledge acquisition and technique and ability of defending and reducing earthquake disaster need to be improved greatly.(2)The public's technique and ability of defending and reducing earthquake disaster is the worst,the knowledge acquaintance level of earthquake disaster comes second,and the self and mutual help and information dissemination are a little better.(3)The public's understanding to earthquake knowledge and views still stays in superficies,and the understanding to the complex abstract earthquake knowledge,especially the accurate acquaintance and deep understanding of earthquake knowledge need further improved.(4)In view of the main channels for the public gaining information after the earthquake,to enhance the publicity by the government on the knowledge and skill of preventing earthquake disaster and publicize earthquake information are one of the effective ways to reduce earthquake disaster.

Key words: the Wenchuan M_S 8.0 earthquake, the public, earthquake disaster cognition, earthquake disaster response, Mianxian county

摘要： 为进一步了解普通民众对汶川M_S8.0地震灾害的认知与响应程度,并为政府防震减灾战略的制定和实施提供科学依据,根据地震灾害认知与响应结构体系设计了普通民众地震灾害认知与响应调查问卷,主要指标体系包括地震灾害知识、防震减灾技能、自救互救和震后信息传播等4个方面。基于权重和赋分,构建了指标体系各部分评价模型和地震灾害认知与响应总体评价模型,以此来计算普通民众地震灾害认知与响应的综合得分。测评结果表明:1)勉县灾区民众认知与响应地震灾害的综合水平与能力均处于不及格水平;2)在认知与响应地震灾害方面,民众的防震减灾技能最差,对地震灾害知识的了解水平次之,而震时及震后自救互救与震后信息传播2个层面稍好一些;3)普通民众对地震知识和观点的理解还停留在表面现象上,对复杂、抽象的地震知识的理解和掌握,特别是对地震知识掌握的准确性和深层次理解还有待于进一步提高;4)从震后民众获取地震灾害信息的主渠道来看,加大政府关于地震灾害知识和防灾技能的宣传力度以及使地震信息公开透明化是降低地震灾害风险的有效途径之一。

关键词: 汶川M_S8.0地震, 普通民众, 地震灾害认知, 地震灾害响应, 勉县