Abstract:

The Longmenshan Fault zone is an important thrust belt on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,consisting of the back-range,the central and the front-range faults,which differ from each other in size and activity.The rupture zone of the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 occurred over a length of～270km along the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault(a segment of the Central Fault)and a length of～70km along the Guanxian-Anxian Fault(a segment of the Front-Range Fault).The northern end of the fracture zone is at the Nanba region in Central Fault.In this work,we make a detailed field investigation on the northeast segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone.Qingchuan Fault is the northeast segment of the Longmenshan Back-range Fault,and the Chaba-Lin'ansi Fault is the northeast segment of the Longmenshan Central Fault.Along the above two faults,we make geological and geomorphologic mapping of Tuguanpu,Da'an and Hujiaba regions,where the Qingchuan Fault runs through the Tuguanpu and Da'an area,and Chaba-Lin'ansi Fault runs through the Hujiaba area.Based on the field investigation,there are five terraces in the northeast Longmenshan area along the major rivers.The height above the river of T1 terrace is about 3～5m,and the formation time is Holocene.The heights of T2 and T3 terraces are 10m and 30～35m above the river,and the deposition time of alluvium and diluvium is Late Pleistocence.The remnant of T4 terrace's sediment covers on some hills,with the height above the river of about 60～70m.In the remnant,granite cobble and sandstone cobbles have been air slaked,these gravels have the shapes only.T5 terrace's height is about 90m,the sediment on it has been eroded.Qingchuan Fault and Chaba-Lin'ansi Fault were strongly active faults in the times before T3 and after T4 formed.Some fault grooves were formed on T4 or T5 terrace,they have 30～180m in width,and 8～20m in depth.The vertical displacement of T4 terrace's gravels is 10～15m.Fault groove didn't form on T3 terrace,or the terrace height on a fault wall is consistent with other fault wall.At some places,T3 terrace's gravels overlie the fault zone.

Key words: Longmenshan Fault zone, river’s terrace, fault groove, fault activity, Quaternary

摘要：

以龙门山断裂带北段中的青川断裂、茶坝-林庵寺断裂沿线的地质地貌为研究对象,在青川断裂沿线的土关铺、大安,茶坝-林庵寺断裂上的薛家沟、胡家坝等地,对断裂附近的河流地貌进行了详细的构造地貌制图。龙门山断裂带北段所在地区的河流一般发育5级阶地,T₁阶地拔河高度3～5m,为全新世堆积阶地。T₂阶地拔河高度10m左右,为晚更新世基座阶地。T₃阶地拔河高度一般为30～35m,为晚更新世早期形成的基座阶地。T₄阶地拔河高度60～70m,残留的阶地砾石层中花岗岩、砂岩砾石已经被强风化,只保留砾石的形态。T₅阶地拔河高度为90m左右,阶地堆积物被剥蚀殆尽。青川断裂、茶坝-林庵寺断裂在河流的T₄和T₅阶地上形成宽30～180m的断层槽地,深度达8～20m,T₄阶地砾石层底面落差达10～15m。T₃阶地上不发育断层槽地,或断层两盘的T₃阶地拔河高度一致,一些地段断层被T₃阶地砾石层覆盖。因此认为,这两条断裂在T₃阶地形成之前,T₄阶地形成之后有过强烈的活动。

关键词: 龙门山断裂带, 河流阶地, 断层槽地, 断层活动, 第四纪