Abstract: Statistics of the size of the major earth quake disastrous targets in the past 30 years and the probabilities of targets in different size were conducted.The probabilities of interpreting the dis-astrous targets from different scale of aerial photograph were made on the basis of the visual in-terpretation. In order to meet the need of the disastrous investigation and lose estimation,the in-troduced scales of aerial photograph for the investigation in urban,countryside and rural areas are 1:10000,1:20000 and 1:30000 respectively,which should be adjusted by local terrain condition and the economic development.The error sources in the investigation by aerial photogropy were discussed,and the accuracy for major disastrous targets is more than 80%.

Key words: Precision estimation, Hazard evaluation, Aerial photograpy

摘要： 统计了我国近30a以来历次地震中主要震害目标的尺度和在各尺度段的概率,由目视判读原理讨论了在各种比例尺航片上对主要震害目标判读的概率。根据震害调查、损失评估要求和航空摄影的特点,建议在城市、乡镇和乡村等地震区的震害调查中,分别选用1:10000、1:20000、1:30000的航摄比例尺,并根据震区的地形条件和经济状况予以调整。最后,讨论了利用航空摄影进行震害调查的误差来源,估计利用航空摄影方法对主要震害目标调查的精度可达80%。

关键词: 灾害估计, 航空摄影, 精度估算