LUDIAN MS 6.5 EARTHQUAKE SURFACE DAMAGE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH STRUCTURE

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.04.026

Abstract

Abstract:

The 3^rd Aug 2014 Ludian M_S 6.5 earthquake caused heavy casualties and damages to houses, which is one of the typical phenomena that a small earthquake causing heavy disasters in recent years in Yunnan Province. After the earthquake, a team (including the author) carried out a number of field investigations to the hardest-hit Longtoushan Township. The surveys involved various earthquake disasters, including landslides, ground fissures, fault profiles, building (construction) disasters, and so on. It is found that Longtoushan Township is the most seriously hit area, which locates on the intersection of the NW- and NE-trending faults. The earthquake caused a number of landslides with a predominant distribution in NE direction. The landslides distribution has a good relationship with the NE-trending Zhaotong-Ludian Fault. The ground fissures in the hardest-hit Longtoushan township showed a predominant distribution of NE direction, while the ground fissures in Guangming Village, which locates on the south of Longtoushan township about 6.5km away (Fig. 2), showed a predominant distribution of NW direction.
Meanwhile, a series of NE-, NW-trending fault outcrops, suspected fault scarps and troughs were found, and fissures and small dislocations were generated along these structures. On the basis of the field investigations, and considering the distribution characteristics of aftershock sequences and earthquake isoseismic lines, we infer that the seismogenic structure is the NW-trending Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault. Meanwhile, we could not exclude the tectonic effect of the NE-trending fault, for a large number of geological disasters such as tectonic fissures and landslides were observed along the NE-trending fault. The ground fissures and small dislocations are closely related to the distribution of the faults, which are likely to be a reflection of coseismic surface rupture of this earthquake.

Key words: Ludian earthquake, surface damage, seismogenic structure, casualties

摘要：

鲁甸6.5级地震造成了大量人员伤亡及房屋损毁, 是云南近年来典型的"小震"致大灾现象.鲁甸地震后, 针对重灾区龙头山镇开展了大量野外调查工作.调查涉及地震滑坡、地裂缝、断层剖面以及建(构)筑物震害等.调查发现, 房屋损毁严重的龙头山镇政府所在地处在NW、NE向断裂交会部位;地震造成大量地质滑坡具有NE向优势分布特征, 且与NE向展布的昭通-鲁甸断裂带关系密切;重灾区龙头山镇政府所在地地裂缝以NE向为主, 龙头山镇南约6.5km的光明村大量地裂缝以NW向为主;同时, 在光明村发现一系列NE、NW向断裂露头, 疑似断层陡坎及槽谷, 沿这些构造, 在此次地震中均产生了裂缝或小位错.在野外调查基础上, 结合余震序列分布及烈度等震线分布特征, 认为此次地震由NW向包谷垴-小河断裂发震, 同时大量NE向构造裂缝及滑坡等地质灾害显示不能完全排除NE向构造的作用.重要的是, 地震地表裂缝和小位错与断裂的展布密切相关, 有可能是地震同震地表破裂的表现.

关键词: 鲁甸地震, 地表破坏, 发震断层, 人员伤亡

CLC Number:

P315.2

LI Xi, ZHANG Jian-guo, XIE Ying-qing, MIAO Qing-wen. LUDIAN M_S 6.5 EARTHQUAKE SURFACE DAMAGE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH STRUCTURE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2014, 36(4): 1280-1291.

李西, 张建国, 谢英情, 苖庆文. 鲁甸M_S6.5地震地表破坏及其与构造的关系[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(4): 1280-1291.

References

韩德润. 1993. 马边-永善地震带构造形式及地震特征［J］. 地震地质, 15(3): 253—260.
HAN De-run. 1993. The tectonic pattern and seismic characteristics of Mabian-Yongshan seismic zone ［J］. Seismology and Geology, 15(3): 253—260(in Chinese).
侯治华, 钟南才, 赵建荣. 2004. 马边-永善地震带及邻区新构造应力场和现代构造应力场的探讨［A］. 地壳构造与地壳应力文集, (17): 16—23.
HOU Zhi-hua, ZHONG Nan-cai, ZHAO Jian-rong. 2004. A study on the neotectonic and present tectonic stress field in Mabian-Yongshan earthquake belt and adjacent areas ［A］. In: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, SSB(ed). Collected works on crustal tectonics and crustal stress, (17): 16—23. Seismological Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
阚荣举, 王绍晋, 黄崐, 等. 1983. 中国西南地区现代构造应力场与板内断块相对运动［J］. 地震地质, 5(2): 79—90.
KAN Rong-ju, WANG Shao-jin, HUANG Kun, et al. 1983. Modern stress field and relative motion of intraplate block in southwest China ［J］. Sesmology and Geology, 5(2): 79—90(in Chinese).
阚荣举, 张四昌, 晏凤桐, 等. 1977. 中国西南地区现代构造应力场与现代构造活动特征的探讨［J］. 地球物理学报, 20(2): 96—109.
KAN Rong-ju, ZHANG Si-chang, YAN Feng-tong, et al. 1977. Discussion on characteristics of rencent tetonic stress field and recent tectonic movement in southwestern China ［J］. Chinese J Geophys, 20(2): 96—109(in Chinese).
李克昌, 侯学英, 赵维城, 等. 1981. 滇东北地区地震地质特征［J］. 地震研究, 4(1): 53—59.
LI Ke-chang, HOU Xue-ying, ZHAO Wei-cheng, et al. 1981. The seismogeological characteristics of the Northeast Yunnan ［J］. Journal of Seismological Research, 4(1): 53—59(in Chinese).
刘树人. 1986. 菱形断块演化及其对滇东北地区铅锌矿床控制的初步分析［J］. 云南地质, 5(1): 39—45.
LIU Shu-ren. 1986. Evolution of the rhombic fault blocks and their control for the Pb-Zu deposits in NE Yunnan-A preliminary analysis ［J］. Yunnan Geology, 5(1): 39—45(in Chinese).
刘正荣, 雷素华, 胡素华. 1977. 1974年5月11日云南省永善-大关地震［J］. 地球物理学报, 20(2): 110—114.
LIU Zheng-rong, LEI Su-hua, HU Su-hua. 1977. The Yongshan-Daguan earthquake on May 11, 1974 ［J］. Chinese J Geophys, 20(2): 110—114(in Chinese).
闻学泽, 杜方, 易桂喜, 等. 2013. 川滇交界东段昭通、莲峰断裂带的地震危险背景［J］. 地球物理学报, 56(10): 3362—3373.
WEN Xue-ze, DU Fang, YI Gui-xi, et al. 2013. Earthquake potential of the Zhaotong and Lianfeng Fault zones of the eastern Sichuan-Yunnan border region ［J］. Chinese J Geophys, 56(10): 3362—3373(in Chinese).
闻学泽, 范军, 易桂喜, 等. 2008. 川西安宁河断裂上的地震空区［J］. 中国科学(D辑), 38(7): 797—807.
WEN Xue-ze, FAN Jun, YI Gui-xi, et al. 2008. A seismic gap on the Anninghe Fault in western Sichuan, China ［J］. Science in China(Ser D), 38(7): 797—807(in Chinese).
徐锡伟, 闻学泽, 郑荣章, 等. 2003. 川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源［J］. 中国科学(D辑), 33(增刊): 151—162.
XU Xi-wei, WEN Xue-ze, ZHEN Rong-zhang, et al. 2003. Latest tectonic style and dynamic source of active blocks in Sichuan and Yunnan area. ［J］. Science in China(Ser D), 33(Suppl): 151—162(in Chinese).
徐锡伟, 张培震, 闻学泽, 等. 2005. 川西及其邻近地区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型［J］. 地震地质, 27(3): 446—461.
XU Xi-wei, ZHANG Pei-zhen, WEN Xue-ze, et al. 2005. Features of active tectonics and recurrence behaviors of strong earthquakes in the western Sichuan Province and its adjacent regions ［J］. Sesmology and Geology, 27(3): 446—461(Chinese).
张四昌, 王绍晋, 刁桂苓, 等. 1994. 1974年永善一大关地震序列的破裂特征［J］. 地球物理学报, 37(增刊): 170—176.
ZHANG Si-chang, WANG Shao-jin, DIAO Gui-lin, et al. 1994. The rupture characteristics of 1974 Yongshan-Daguan earthquake sequence ［J］. Chinese J Geophys, 37(Suppl): 170—176.
朱艾斓, 徐锡伟, 周永胜, 等. 2005. 川西地区小震重新定位及其活动构造意义［J］. 地球物理学报, 48(3): 629—636.
ZHU Ai-lan, XU Xi-wei, ZHOU Yong-sheng. 2005. Relocation of small earthquakes in western Sichuan, China and its implications for active tectonics ［J］. Chinese J Geophys, 48(3): 629—636(in Chinese).
朱成男, 陈承照. 1976. 1974年云南省昭通地震破裂机制［J］. 地球物理学报, 19(4): 317—329.
ZHU Cheng-nan, CHEN Cheng-zhao. 1976. The rupture mechanism of the Zhaotong earthquake of 1974 in Yunnan Province ［J］. Chinese J Geophys, 19(4): 317—329(in Chinese).
Zhang Pei-zhen. 2013. A review on active tectonics and deep crustal processes of the western Sichuan region, eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau ［J］. Tectonophysics, 584: 7—22.

[1]	LIU Bai-yun, ZHAO Li, LIU Yun-yun, WANG Wen-cai, ZHANG Wei-dong. THE RESEARCH ON RELOCATION AND FAULT PLANE SOLUTION AND GEOMETRIC MEANING OF THE MADUO M7.4 EARTHQUAKE ON 22 MAY 2021 [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(2): 500-516.
[2]	ZHAO De-zheng, QU Chun-yan, ZHANG Gui-fang, GONG Wen-yu, SHAN Xin-jian, ZHU Chuan-hua, ZHANG Guo-hong, SONG Xiao-gang. APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES FOR THE COSEISMIC DEFORMA-TION OBSERVATIONS, EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE INVESTIGATION USING INSAR [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(2): 570-592.
[3]	ZHANG Ke, WANG Xin, YANG Hong-ying, WANG Yue, XU Yan, LI Jing. THE CHARACTERISTICS AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE 2021 YANGBI M_S6.4 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE, YUNNAN [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(1): 231-251.
[4]	LI Chuan-you, SUN Kai, MA Jun, LI Jun-jie, LIANG Ming-jian, FANG Li-hua. THE 2022 M6.8 LUDING EARTHQUAKE: A COMPLICATED EVENT BY FAULTING OF THE MOXI SEGMENT OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2022, 44(6): 1648-1666.
[5]	ZHANG Bo-xuan, ZHENG Wen-jun, CHEN Jie, HE Xiao-hui, LI Qi-lei, ZHANG Dong-li, DUAN Lei, CHEN Gan. ANALYSIS OF THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE JUNE 2021 M_S5.8 MANG’AI EARTHQUAKE IN NORTHERN QAIDAM BASIN [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2022, 44(5): 1313-1332.
[6]	YAO Sheng-hai, GAI Hai-long, YIN Xiang, LIU Wei, ZHANG Jia-qing, YUAN Jian-xin. A DISCUSSION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SUR-FACE RUPTURE ZONE IN FRONT OF THE AMUNIKESHAN MOUNTAIN AND THE 1962 M6.8 EARTHQUAKE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2022, 44(4): 976-991.
[7]	LIANG Kuan, HE Zhong-tai, JIANG Wen-liang, LI Yong-sheng, LIU Ze-min. SURFACE RUPTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MENYUAN M_S6.9 EARTHQUAKE ON JANUARY 8, 2022, QINGHAI PROVINCE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2022, 44(1): 256-278.
[8]	GAO Fan, HAN Zhu-jun, YUAN Ren-mao, DONG Shao-peng, GUO Peng. FEATURES OF ANCIENT LANDSLIDES AND THEIR SEISMIC-GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE ALONG THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF XIAOJIANG FAULT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN YUNNAN, CHINA [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND EGOLOGY, 2021, 43(6): 1412-1434.
[9]	YAO Sheng-hai, GAI Hai-long, YIN Xiang, LI Xin. THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPICAL PHENOMENA OF THE SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE OF THE MADUO M_S7.4 EARTHQUAKE IN QINGHAI [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND EGOLOGY, 2021, 43(5): 1060-1072.
[10]	JIA Rui, ZHANG Guo-hong, XIE Chao-di, SHAN Xin-jian, ZHANG Ying-feng, LI Cheng-long, HUANG Zi-cheng. COSEISMIC DEFORMATION FIELD AND FAULT SLIP MODEL OF THE M_W6.0 PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKE CONSTRAINED BY SENTINEL-1A SAR DATA [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2021, 43(3): 600-613.
[11]	ZHAO Qi-guang, SUN Ye-jun, HUANG Yun, YANG Wei-lin, GU Qin-ping, MENG Ke, YANG Hao. A STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF GAOYOU-BAOYING M_S4.9 EARTHQUAKE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2021, 43(3): 630-646.
[12]	LI Qi-lei, LI Yu-li, TU Hong-wei, LIU Wen-bang. THE RELOCATION, FOCAL MECHANISMS OF THE DINGQING EARTHQUAKES AND A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ITS SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2021, 43(1): 209-231.
[13]	LIU Bai-yun, YIN Zhi-wen, YUAN Dao-yang, LI Liang, WANG Wei-huan. THE RESEARCH ON FAULT PLANE SOLUTION AND GEOMETRIC MEANING OF THE LAOHUSHAN FAULT IN THE NORTHEASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2020, 42(6): 1354-1369.
[14]	WU Wei-wei, WEI Ya-ling, LONG Feng, LIANG Ming-jian, CHEN Xue-fen, SUN Wei, ZHAO Jing. STUDY ON SOURCE PARAMETERS OF THE 8 AUGUST 2017 M7.0 JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE AND ITS AFTERSHOCKS, NORTHERN SICHUAN [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2020, 42(2): 492-512.
[15]	DUAN Meng-qiao, ZHAO Cui-ping. CHARACTERISTICS OF FOCAL MECHANISMS IN THE DOWNSTREAM RESERVOIR AREAS OF JINSHA RIVER [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2019, 41(5): 1155-1171.