A CLUSTERING APPROACH FOR INCORPORATING SPATIAL DEPENDENCE INTO THE AUTOMATIC FLUVIAL TERRACE EXTRACTION FROM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL: A CASE STUDY FROM THE ZHANGLA BASIN ALONG THE UPSTREAM OF THE MINJIANG RIVER

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.04.008

Abstract

Abstract:

The terraces along the upper reaches of the Minjiang River record rapid uplift around the Tibetan plateau since the Quaternary. However, the common method to obtain the terraces elevation data always relies on single point or line to represent the whole landform. The available results and further analyses are usually not continuous and systematic. All of these, therefore, restrict the development of further study. A large number of qualitative information and the digital terrace models are relied on the improvement of DEM processing technology. Our present paper applies fuzzy C-means algorithm to a bunch of the Minjiang River terrace cross sections in different dimensions to get the integrated distribution characteristics of the terraces in the Zhangla Basin. SPOT5 image is adopted when generating the DEM. Then we consider both the spatial correlation and distribution characteristics of terrace cross sections into analysis and we consequently find a successful way to extract different levels of terraces based on both whole indicator and internal correlation. The precision evaluation suggests that result of terrace extraction is highly consistent with the field survey data. Based on these, we discuss relationship between characteristics of terraces, the incision rates and the regional uplift patterns. We suggest that a clustering approach for incorporating spatial dependence into the automatic fluvial terrace extraction can be used to study and understand the regional tectonic and geomorphic features in the layered landscapes.

Key words: fluvial terrace, fuzzy C-means analysis, DEM, spatial correlation, Zhangla Basin

摘要：

传统研究方法以点、线代表区域地貌面, 数据缺乏连续性和系统性, 限制了对阶地演化的进一步研究.高分辨率DEM处理方法的发展使广泛精确获取地貌面的定量信息、重建阶地模型、进一步研究阶地演化成为可能.以岷江上游漳腊盆地为研究区域, 采用SPOT5高分辨率数据影像构建DEM, 将统一标度后的阶地横剖面作为基本研究单元.通过在不同维度使用模糊C均值聚类, 得到研究区域内阶地总体形态特征.在提取各级阶地面的过程中, 将阶地剖面间的空间相关性与阶地总体形态特征纳入分析, 最终建立了一种基于区域总体特征和区域内部自相关的阶地提取方法.对不同级阶地面提取的精度评价表明, 其结果与野外实测数据有较高的一致性.文中以实验结果为依据, 进一步讨论了漳腊盆地内阶地的形态特征、河流下切速率和区域隆升之间的关系.因此, 将模糊聚类分析和空间自相关性结合的区域地貌面提取方法是简捷易行的, 适用于阶地等层状地貌面发育区域构造-地貌等相关问题的研究.

关键词: 河流阶地剖面, 模糊C均值聚类分析, 数字高程模型, 空间相关性, 漳腊盆地

CLC Number:

P315.2

SONG Zhuo-qin, ZHANG Jun-long, LI Jian-jun. A CLUSTERING APPROACH FOR INCORPORATING SPATIAL DEPENDENCE INTO THE AUTOMATIC FLUVIAL TERRACE EXTRACTION FROM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL: A CASE STUDY FROM THE ZHANGLA BASIN ALONG THE UPSTREAM OF THE MINJIANG RIVER[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2014, 36(4): 1029-1042.

宋卓沁, 张军龙, 李建军. 基于模糊聚类和空间自相关性的河流阶地自动提取方法 ——以岷江上游漳腊盆地为例[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(4): 1029-1042.

References

程绍平, 杨桂枝. 2008. 国外新构造研究进展评述［J］. 地震地质, 30(1): 31—43.
CHENG Shao-ping, YANG Gui-zhi. 2008. Current advance of overseas research on neotectonics: A review and comments ［J］. Seismology and Geology, 30(1): 31—43(in Chinese).
宫会玲, 冉勇康, 陈立春. 2008. 基于 DEM 的阶地分析方法: 以安宁河断裂紫马跨地区为例［J］. 地震地质, 30(1): 339—348.
GONG Hui-ling, RAN Yong-kang, CHEN Li-chun. 2008. The method of terrace analysis based on DEM: A case study in Zimakua of Anninghe Fault ［J］. Seismology and Geology, 30(1):339—348(in Chinese).
钱洪, 马声浩, 龚宇. 1995. 关于岷江断裂若干问题的讨论［J］. 中国地震, 2(2): 140—146.
QIAN Hong, MA Sheng-hao, GONG Yu. 1995. Discussions on the Minjiang Fault ［J］. Earthquake Research in China, 2(2): 140—146(in Chinese).
唐荣昌, 文德华, 黄祖智, 等. 1991. 松潘-龙门山地区主要活动断裂带第四纪活动特征［J］. 中国地震, 7(3): 64—71.
TANG Rong-chang, WEN De-hua, HUANG Zu-zhi, et al. 1991. The Quaternary activity characteristics of several major active faults in the Songpan-Longmenshan region ［J］. Earthquake Research in China, 7(3): 64—71(in Chinese).
唐文清, 刘宇平, 陈智梁, 等. 2004. 龙门山断裂构造带GPS研究［J］. 大地测量与地球动力学, 24(3):57—59.
TAND Wei-qing, LIU YU-ping, CHEN Zhi-liang, et al. 2004. GPS study on Longmenshan fault zone . Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 24(3):57—59.
杨景春, 邓天岗, 王元海, 等. 1979. 岷江上游地区第四纪构造应力状态及其与地震的关系［J］. 地震地质, 1(3): 68—75.
YANG Jing-chun, DENG Tian-gang, WANG Yuan-hai, et al. 1979. The Quaternary tectonic stress over the up-stream area of Minjiang River in Sichuan and its relations to earthquakes ［J］. Seismology and Geology, 1(3): 68—75(in Chinese).
杨农, 张岳桥, 孟辉, 等. 2003. 川西高原岷江上游河流阶地初步研究［J］. 地质力学学报, 9(4): 363—370.
YANG Nong, ZHANG Yue-qiao, MENG Hui, et al. 2003. Study of the Minjiang River terraces in the western Sichuan plateau ［J］. Journal of Geomechanics, 9(4): 363—370(in Chinese).
赵小麟, 邓起东, 陈社发. 1994. 岷山隆起的构造地貌学探究［J］. 地震地质, 16(4): 429—439.
ZHAO Xiao-lin, DENG Qi-dong, CHEN She-fa. 1994. Tectonic geomorphology of the Minshan uplift in western Sichuan, southwestern China ［J］. Seismology and Geology, 16(4): 429—439(in Chinese).
张军龙, 任金卫, 陈长云, 等. 2013. 网格 DEM 剖面方法获取岷江上游层状地貌参数［J］. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 38: 102—108.
ZHANG Jun-long, REN Jin-wei, CHEN Chang-yun, et al. 2013. Acquisition of parameters of stratified reliefs by grid DEM profiles method on the upper Minjiang ［J］. Journal of Wuhan University(Natural Science Edition), 38: 102—108(in Chinese).
张军龙, 田勤俭, 张小龙, 等. 2008. DGPS方法在新构造研究中的应用探讨［J］. 地学前缘, 15(4): 290—297.
ZHANG Jun-long, TIAN Qin-jian, ZHANG Xiao-long, et al. 2008. The applications of DGPS method in neo-tectonic research ［J］. Earth Science Frontiers, 15(4): 290—297(in Chinese).
张维. 2011. 基于DEM的陕北黄土高原流域剖面谱研究［D］:［学位论文］. 南京: 南京师范大学.
ZHANG Wei. 2011. Research of catchment profile spectrum on northern Shaanxi loess plateau, China［D］. Dissertation. Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing.
张岳桥, 李海龙, 吴满璐, 等. 2012. 岷江断裂带晚新生代逆冲推覆构造:来自钻孔的证据［J］. 地质评论, 58(2): 215—223.
ZHANG Yue-qiao, LI Hai-long, WU Man-lu, et al. 2012. Late Cenozoic thrust and nappe structure along the Minjiang: Evidence from a drill hole ［J］. Geological Review, 58(2): 215—223(in Chinese).
周荣军, 蒲晓虹, 何玉林, 等. 2000. 四川岷江断裂带北段的新活动、岷山断块的隆起及其与地震活动的关系［J］. 地震地质, 22(3): 285—294.
ZHOU Rong-jun, PU Xiao-hong, HE Yu-lin, et al. 2000. Recent activity of Minjiang Fault zone, uplift of Minshan block and their relationship with seismicity of Sichuan ［J］. Seismology and Geology, 22(3): 285—294(in Chinese).
Bi Lisi, He Honglin, Wei Zhanyu, et al. 2012. Fractal properties of landforms in the Ordos block and surrounding areas, China ［J］. Geomorphology, 175-176: 152—162.
Demoulin A, Bovy B, Rixhon G, et al. 2007. An automated method to extract fluvial terraces from digital elevation model: The Vesdre valley, a case study in eastern Belgium ［J］. Geomorphology, 91: 51—64.
Hengl T, Reuter H I. 2008. Geomorphometry: Concepts, Software, Applications(Vol 33: Developments in Soil Science)［M］. Elsevier Science, 772.
Kirby E, Whipple K X, Burchfiel B C, et al. 2000. Neotectonics of the Min Shan, China: Implications for mechanisms driving Quaternary deformation along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau ［J］. GSA Bulletin, 112(3): 375—393.
Landis J R, Koch G G. 1977. An application of hierarchical kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers ［J］. Biometrics, 33(2): 363—374.
Li Yong, Densmore A L, Zhou R J, et al. 2006. Profiles of digital elevation models(DEM)crossing the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau and their constraints on dissection depths and incision rates of late Cenozoic rivers ［J］. Quaternary Sciences, 79(1): 28—37.
Pal N R, Bezdek J C. 1995. On cluster validity for the fuzzy C-means model ［J］. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst, 3(3): 370—379.
Stehman S V. 1997. Selecting and interpreting measures of thematic classification accuracy ［J］. Remote Sensing Environ, 62: 77—89.
Straumann R K, Purves R S. 2008. Delineation of valleys and valley floors ［J］. Geographic Information Science, 5266: 320—336.
Strebelle S. 2002. Conditional simulation of complex geological structures using multiple-point statistics ［J］. Mathematical Geology, 34(1): 1—21.
Tobler W R. 1970. A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region ［J］. Economic Geography, 46: 234—240.

[1]	ZHANG Bo, WANG Ai-guo, TIAN Qin-jian, GE Wei-peng, JIA Wei, YAO Yun-sheng, YUAN Dao-yang. IDENTIFYING FAULT LINEAMENT BASED ON ALOS-PALSAR DEM: A CASE STUDY FROM THE WEST QINLING MOUNTAINS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND EGOLOGY, 2022, 44(1): 130-149.
[2]	CHEN Kun, YU Yan-xiang, GAO Meng-tan, KANG Chuan-chuan. STUDY ON SPATIAL CORRELATION OF GROUND-MOTION: A CASE STUDY OF NAPA EARTHQUAKE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2020, 42(5): 1218-1228.
[3]	DONG Li-na, LIAN Wei-ping, CHEN Wei-tao, MA Hai-jian. INVESTIGATION OF STATUS AND DEMAND ON PUBLIC SERVICE OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION IN CHINA [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2020, 42(3): 762-771.
[4]	AI Ming, BI Hai-yun, ZHENG Wen-jun, YIN Jin-hui, YUAN Dao-yang, REN Zhi-kun, CHEN Gan, LIU Jin-rui. USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE PHOTOGRAMMETRY TECHNOLOGY TO OBTAIN QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF ACTIVE TECTONICS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2018, 40(6): 1276-1293.
[5]	WANG Si-yu, AI Ming, WU Chuan-yong, LEI Qi-yun, ZHANG Hui-ping, REN Guang-xue, LI Chuan-you, REN Zhi-kun. APPLICATION OF DEM GENERATION TECHNOLOGY FROM HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGE IN QUANTITATIVE ACTIVE TECTONICS STUDY: A CASE STUDY OF FAULT SCARPS IN THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF KUMISHI BASIN [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2018, 40(5): 999-1017.
[6]	FU Bo, LI Zhi-qiang, CHEN Jie, FAN Xi-wei, LI Xiao-li, LI Tao, YAO Yuan, LIU Yao-hui. THE APPLICATION OF MINIATURE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE IN 25 NOVEMBER 2016 ARKETAO M_W6.6 EARTHQUAKE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2018, 40(3): 672-684.
[7]	BI Li-si, HE Hong-lin, XU Yue-ren, WEI Zhan-yu, SHI Feng, SUN Hao-yue. RESPONSES OF THE S-A DOUBLE-LOG GRAPH, CONCAVITY INDEX AND STEEPNESS INDEX OF CHANNELS TO THE TECTO-NIC MOVEMENT OF THE HUOSHAN PIEDMONT FAULT [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2017, 39(6): 1158-1172.
[8]	ZOU Xiao-bo, YUAN Dao-yang, SHAO Yan-xiu, LIU Xing-wang, ZHANG Bo, YANG Hai-bo. USING STEREO-PAIR AND DIFFERENTIAL GPS TO REVEAL SURFACE DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MINLE-YONGCHANG FAULT [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2017, 39(6): 1198-1212.
[9]	TIAN Qing-ying, ZHENG Wen-jun, ZHANG Dong-li, ZHANG Yi-peng, XU Bin-bin, HUANG Liu-ting. INFLUENCE OF TECTONICS AND CLIMATE ON THE EVOLU-TION OF FLUVIAL TERRACES: A CASE STUDY OF THE HONGSHUIBA AND MAYING RIVERS IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QILIAN MOUNTAINS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2017, 39(6): 1283-1296.
[10]	XIE Chao, ZHOU Ben-gang, LI Zheng-fang. GEOMORPHIC FEATURES OF EASTERN HIMALAYAN SYNTAXIS AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2017, 39(2): 276-286.
[11]	YANG Hai-bo, YANG Xiao-ping, HUANG Xiong-nan, HUANG Wei-liang, LUO Jia-hong. DATA COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN SFM DATA AND DGPS DATA: A CASE STUDY FROM FAULT SCARP IN THE EAST BANK OF HONGSHUIBA RIVER, NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QILIAN SHAN [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2016, 38(4): 1030-1046.
[12]	SU Qi, YUAN Dao-yang, XIE Hong. GEOMORPHIC FEATURES OF THE HEIHE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN IN WESTERN QILIAN SHAN-HEXI CORRIDOR AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2016, 38(3): 560-581.
[13]	GAO Ming-xing, CHEN Gui-hua, XU Xi-wei. GEOMORPHIC INDICES INDICATED RECENT DIFFERENTIAL TECTONIC UPLIFT OF THE LINTAN-DANGCHANG FAULT AND THE MINXIAN-ZHANGXIAN EARTHQUAKE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2015, 37(3): 709-718.
[14]	WEI Zhan-yu, Arrowsmith Ramon, HE Hong-lin, GAO Wei. ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF TERRAIN POINT CLOUD ACQUIRED BY "STRUCTURE FROM MOTION" USING AERIAL PHOTOS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2015, 37(2): 636-648.
[15]	LI Tao, CHEN Jie, XIAO Wei-peng. DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS AND KINEMATICS OF ACTIVE DETACHMENT FOLD SCARP：A CASE STUDY FROM THE MINGYAOLE ANTICLINE, PAMIR-SOUTHERN TIANSHAN FORELAND [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2014, 36(3): 677-691.