Abstract: The paper firstly introduces the research status of using thermal infrared remote sensing technology to monitor volcanic activity around the world,then reviews the principle of thermal infrared remote sensing technology.Meanwhile,the feasibility of monitoring volcanic activity using satellite thermal infrared remote sensing technology is analyzed.Moreover,we take the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano as an example.Firstly,land surface temperature distribution maps of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano are retrieved from Landsat TM/ETM images and ASTER images taken from 1999 to 2008.Then,to reduce the effect of different surface cover,we choose three types of the surface cover,i.e.vegetation(forest), mixture of soil and vegetation(short grasses),and bare rock.For each type of surface covers,the average daily temperature obtained from Tianchi Weather Station is deducted in order to reduce the effect of weather change.Finally,we obtain the annual surface temperature variation of the study area, which is believed to be caused by volcanic activity in the magma chamber.Our results indicate that the temperature of the study area increased with an intermittent tendency during 1999 to 2005,but dropped after 2005,and then maintained a stable tendency during 2006 to 2008.Such tendency of annual temperature variation caused by volcanic activity is consistent with the results from other different observation methods,e.g.seismic monitoring,ground deformation from GPS measurement,ratio of He isotope change from geochemistry monitoring.The results imply that it is of great potential to use the satellite thermal infrared remote sensing technology in monitoring volcanic activity.So the satellite thermal infrared remote sensing technology can be used as a routine means to monitor volcanic activity.

Key words: satellite thermal infrared, remote sensing, thermal anomaly, volcano monitoring, Chang-baishan Tianchi volcano

摘要： 介绍了卫星热红外遥感技术用于火山监测的国内外研究现状,阐述了热红外遥感技术的原理,分析了卫星热红外遥感技术用于火山活动性监测的可行性。以长白山天池火山为例,基于Landsat TM/ETM影像和ASTER影像反演获得了1999—2008年的温度场,并选取了其中的3种地面覆盖类型(森林植被、土壤和植被(矮草)以及裸露岩石),从而去除了地表环境因素的影响;从每种地面覆盖类型中扣除了当日天池气象站的平均气温,去除了气象因素的影响,得到了由火山热活动可能导致的温度热异常。结果显示,从1999—2005年,由火山活动导致的温度热异常伴随着扰动发生了明显的上升,自2005年以后逐渐下降,2006—2008年趋于稳定。这些结果与测震、GPS形变以及He同位素比值变化趋势保持了较好的一致性,表明卫星热红外遥感技术用于火山活动性监测的巨大潜力和优势,可以作为一种常规的监测手段尝试性地纳入日常的火山监测工作中。

关键词: 卫星热红外, 遥感, 热异常, 火山监测, 长白山天池