乌鲁木齐及周边地区重力场及视密度变化特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.05.008

地震地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1123-1150.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.05.008

乌鲁木齐及周边地区重力场及视密度变化特征

孔祥魁¹⁾(), 刘代芹²^,³^,⁴⁾^,^*(), 艾力夏提·玉山²^,³⁾, 李杰²^,⁴⁾, 陈丽²⁾, 李瑞²^,⁴⁾, 陈荣柳¹⁾

¹⁾ 新疆大学, 乌鲁木齐 830046
²⁾ 新疆维吾尔自治区地震局, 乌鲁木齐 830011
³⁾ 中国科学技术大学, 地球和空间科学学院, 合肥 230026
⁴⁾ 中国地震局乌鲁木齐中亚地震研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2023-09-01 修回日期:2023-10-16 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-11-22
通讯作者: *刘代芹, 男, 1979年生, 正高级工程师, 博士生导师, 主要从事大地测量、重力测量及地壳形变研究工作, E-mail: xjdzjldq@126.com。
作者简介:
孔祥魁, 男, 1998年生, 现为中国地质大学(北京)地球物理学专业在读博士研究生, 研究方向为深部地球物理, E-mail: 154716419@qq.com。
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2020B03006-2); 地震科技星火计划项目(XH22007YA); 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2022D01A106); 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2023D01A105); 国家自然科学基金(42274014); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3003703); 国家外国专家局引智项目(G2022045013L); 第3次新疆综合科学考察(2022XJKK1305); 新疆地震局科技创新团队计划(XJDZCXTD2020-1)

STUDY ON THE VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAVITY FIELD AND APPARENT DENSITY IN URUMQI AND ITS SURROUNDING AREAS

KONG Xiang-kui¹⁾(), LIU Dai-qin²^,³^,⁴⁾^,^*(), AILIXIATI·Yushan²^,³⁾, LI Jie²^,⁴⁾, CHEN Li²⁾, LI Rui²^,⁴⁾, CHEN Rong-liu¹⁾

¹⁾ Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
²⁾ Earthquake Agency of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China
³⁾ School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
⁴⁾ Urumqi Institute of Central Asia Earthquake, CEA, Urumqi 830011, China

Received:2023-09-01 Revised:2023-10-16 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-11-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文中基于2019年4月—2022年4月乌鲁木齐及周边地区流动重力观测资料, 采用绝对重力控制进行经典平差计算, 获取研究区重力场时空演化特征图像。针对0.5a尺度和1a尺度重力场变化并结合构造地质部位分析重力剖面变化图像, 分析了乌鲁木齐及周边地区的重力场变化特征。此外, 文中采用小波多尺度分析方法, 对乌鲁木齐及周边地区2019—2020年、 2020—2021年和2021—2022年3a的重力场动态变化数据进行处理, 分解不同场源异常, 并对分离出的异常信息进行解释和分析, 以此提升地震前兆重力异常的可信度。结果表明, 研究区重力场具有明显的分区特征, 整体以负值变化为主, 正、负重力变化交替出现; 小波重力细节反映异常区域与地质构造吻合, 功率谱估算的近似场源深度与crust1.0模型相近; 此外, 基于流动重力观测资料反演得到研究区地壳内部等效视密度变化特征。文中的研究成果将为研判乌鲁木齐及周边地区未来的重力场变化趋势提供初步依据。

关键词: 重力场变化, 小波分解, 功率谱, 视密度反演, 地震

Abstract:

Using seasonal gravity observation data from Urumqi and its surrounding areas, collected between April 2019 and April 2022, this paper applies absolute gravity control to perform classical adjustment calculations, identifying the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of the gravity field in the study area. The relationship between seismic activity and gravity change has long been a topic of interest. The time-varying gravity field is a fundamental physical field that reflects the migration of mass and directly represents the internal tectonic movements of the Earth and surface mass redistribution. The link between earthquakes and gravity changes is primarily related to tectonic movement and variations in mass(density)within the Earth’s interior.

By examining gravity field changes at half-year and one-year scales and analyzing gravity profile images in relation to geological structures, this paper explores the characteristics of gravity field variations in Urumqi and its surrounding areas. To effectively separate gravity anomalies at different depth levels, wavelet multi-resolution analysis is employed to decompose the gravity field anomalies, distinguishing regional from local anomalies in the study area. Specifically, the wavelet multi-scale analysis method is applied to process gravity field dynamic data from 2019-2020, 2020-2021, and 2021-2022. This method helps isolate and interpret abnormal signals in the gravity field, improving the reliability of earthquake precursor gravity anomalies.

The gravity source characteristics provide insight into the physical property changes of the crust. In this study, the “equivalent source” inversion model is used to determine the dynamic characteristics of the crust’s apparent density. The multi-period gravity point values obtained through the adjustment method serve as input data for the equivalent source apparent density change model in the study area.

The results indicate that the gravity field in the study area exhibits clear zonation, with predominant negative changes and alternating positive and negative gravity anomalies. The wavelet gravity details show that the anomaly areas align with geological structures, and the estimated source depth, as determined by the power spectrum, is consistent with the Crust1.0 model. The inversion of the flow gravity data reveals the variation characteristics of the crust’s equivalent apparent density, which correlate well with the time-varying gravity field. Multi-scale decomposition of gravity anomalies at different depth levels further illuminates the physical property changes of the crustal medium, as reflected by the equivalent source density model. These findings, when combined with the regional tectonic background and seismic activity, offer valuable insights. The research presented in this paper provides a foundational understanding of gravity field trends in Urumqi and its surrounding areas, contributing to future predictions of gravity field changes in the region.

Key words: Variation of gravitational field, wavelet decomposition, power spectrum, apparent density inversion, earthquake

孔祥魁, 刘代芹, 艾力夏提·玉山, 李杰, 陈丽, 李瑞, 陈荣柳. 乌鲁木齐及周边地区重力场及视密度变化特征[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(5): 1123-1150.

KONG Xiang-kui, LIU Dai-qin, AILIXIATI·Yushan, LI Jie, CHEN Li, LI Rui, CHEN Rong-liu. STUDY ON THE VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAVITY FIELD AND APPARENT DENSITY IN URUMQI AND ITS SURROUNDING AREAS[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(5): 1123-1150.

图/表 14

图 1 乌鲁木齐“首府圈”综合形变监测网 F1八钢-石化隐伏断层; F2王家沟断层; F3西山断层; F4碗窑沟断层; F5雅玛里克断层; F6红雁池断层; F7大草滩断层;F8柴窝堡坳陷北缘隐伏断层; F9柴窝堡盆地南缘断层; F10准噶尔盆地南缘断层; F11依连哈比尔尕断层

Fig. 1 Comprehensive deformation monitoring network of Urumqi “Capital Circle”.

表1 研究区主要断裂带

Table 1 The main fault zones in the study area

断裂名称	长度/km	走向	倾向	倾角	运动性质	活动时代
八钢-石化隐伏断裂	41	NEE	SSE	75°~85°	逆冲	上更新统
九家湾断裂	3~5	50°	NNW、SSE	53°~84°	正断	全新统
王家沟断裂	9~15	NEE	NNW	33°~78°	逆冲	全新统
西山断裂	>35	近EW	NNW	45°~75°	逆冲	上更新统
碗窑沟断裂	55	NE	NW	45°~75°	逆冲	上更新统
雅玛里克断裂	>45	NE	SE	70°~80°	逆冲	上更新统
红雁池断裂	35	NWW	SSW	25°	左旋走滑逆冲	上更新统
大草滩隐伏断裂	26	近EW	N	陡倾	逆冲	中更新统
柴窝堡坳陷北缘隐伏断裂	88、40	EW、NE	NNE	陡	逆冲	中更新统
柴窝堡盆地南缘断裂	70	近EW	S	陡	逆冲	全新统
二道沟断裂	130	近EW	S	40°~70°	逆冲	全新统
依连哈比尔尕断层断裂	374	305°	SW	40°~70°	右旋走滑逆冲	上更新统

图 2 研究区地理位置及地质构造(改自Wu et al., 2022) a 研究区地理位置; b 乌鲁木齐前陆冲断体系的构造格局和断层几何形状。Pz 古生代; T 三叠纪; J 侏罗纪; K 白垩纪;E 古近纪; N1 新近纪; N2 上新世; Q 第四纪。黑色虚线表示轴向表面位置, 彩色线表示地层边界

Fig. 2 Geographical location and geological structure of the study area(modified after Wu et al., 2022).

图 3 研究区半年尺度重力场变化图 a 2019年4月—2019年7月; b 2019年7月—2020年3月; c 2020年3月—2020年9月; d 2020年9月—2021年4月;e 2021年4月—2021年9月; f 2021年9月—2022年4月

Fig. 3 Gravity field variation at half-year scale in the study area.

图 4 研究区1a尺度及3a尺度重力场时空变化 a 2019年4月—2020年3月; b 2020年3月—2021年4月; c 2021年4月—2022年4月; d 2019年4月—2022年4月

Fig. 4 Temporal and spatial variations of gravity field at one-year and three-year scales in the study area.

图 5 研究区的重力剖面及重力变化图 a SN向重力剖面变化; b EW向重力剖面变化

Fig. 5 Gravity profile and gravity variation in the study area.

图 6 2019—2020年重力场小波分解逼近图和细节图 a 原始图; b 5阶逼近图A5; c 2阶细节图D2; d 3阶细节图D3; e 4阶细节图D4; f 5阶细节图D5

Fig. 6 Map of gravity field wavelet decomposition approximation(and in some details)in 2019—2020.

图 7 2020—2021年重力场小波分解逼近图和细节图 a 原始图; b 5阶逼近图A5; c 2阶细节图D2; d 3阶细节图D3; e 4阶细节图D4; f 5阶细节图D5

Fig. 7 Map of gravity field wavelet decomposition approximation(and in some details)in 2020—2021.

图 8 2021—2022年重力场小波分解逼近图和细节图 a 原始图; b 5阶逼近图A5; c 2阶细节图D2; d 3阶细节图D3; e 4阶细节图D4; f 5阶细节图D5

Fig. 8 Map of gravity field wavelet decomposition approximation(and in some details)in 2021—2022.

图 9 研究区2~5阶小波细节场径向功率谱由上至下分别为2~5阶小波细节, 由左至右分别为2019—2020年、 2020—2021年、 2019—2022年

Fig. 9 The radial power spectrum of wavelet detail field with order of 2~5 in the study area.

表 2 研究区2~5阶小波细节场等效源深度

Table 2 The equivalent source depth of wavelet detail field with order of 2-5 in the study area

阶次	2019—2020年近似场源深度/km	2020—2021年近似场源深度/km	2021—2022年近似场源深度/km
D₂	6.7	7.2	7.0
D₃	13.6	15.1	14.3
D₄	25.7	35.4	29.6
D₅	40.1	45.1	42.9

图 10 研究区重力测网分辨率检测板

Fig. 10 Gravimetric net resolution detection board.

图 11 2019年4月—2022年4月场源视密度分布特征图像

Fig. 11 Image showing distribution feature of field source apparent density from April 2019 to April 2022.

图 12 反演所得的研究区视密度异常模型

Fig. 12 Apparent density anomaly mode obtained from inversion in the study area.

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乌鲁木齐及周边地区重力场及视密度变化特征

STUDY ON THE VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAVITY FIELD AND APPARENT DENSITY IN URUMQI AND ITS SURROUNDING AREAS

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