平原M5.5地震土壤气地球化学特征及成因

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.02.011

地震地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 433-448.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.02.011

平原M5.5地震土壤气地球化学特征及成因

苏淑娟¹^,²⁾(), 陈其峰¹⁾^,^*(), 孙豪¹⁾, 刘军¹⁾, 冯梁乐¹⁾, 徐继龙¹⁾, 杨彦明³^,⁴⁾, 雒昆利²⁾

¹⁾ 山东省地震局, 济南 250000
²⁾ 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
³⁾ 内蒙古自治区地震局, 呼和浩特 010010
⁴⁾ 中国地震局地质研究所, 地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029

收稿日期:2023-11-01 修回日期:2023-12-27 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-05-29
通讯作者: *陈其峰, 男, 1974年生, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震流体地球化学研究, E-mail: qifeng1974@163.com。
作者简介:
苏淑娟, 女, 1979年生, 2006年于山西师范大学获自然地理学专业硕士学位, 高级工程师, 现主要从事地震流体地球化学研究, E-mail: shujuan_su@163.com。
基金资助:
山东省地震局一般科研项目(YB2416); 山东省地震局一般科研项目(YB2313); 中国地震局震情跟踪定向工作任务(2024020302); 国家自然科学基金(42277196); 国家自然科学基金(41877299); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2023MS04012)

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GENESIS OF SOIL GAS IN THE PINGYUAN M5.5 EARTHQUAKE

SU Shu-juan¹^,²⁾(), CHEN Qi-feng¹⁾^,^*(), SUN Hao¹⁾, LIU Jun¹⁾, FENG Liang-le¹⁾, XU Ji-long¹⁾, YANG Yan-ming³^,⁴⁾, LUO Kun-li²⁾

¹⁾ Shandong Earthquake Agency, Jinan 250000, China
²⁾ Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³⁾ Earthquake Agency of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010010, China
⁴⁾ State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2023-11-01 Revised:2023-12-27 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-05-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2023年8月6日2时33分, 山东省德州市平原县发生M5.5地震。文中跨震中布设4条长30km的勘测线, 现场测量了土壤气Rn、 CO₂和Hg浓度。结果表明: 1)土壤气浓度表现出明显的空间差异, 震中区与4条测线的东、西两端气体浓度相对较高。2)土壤气浓度的空间分布特征在震中及其东部地区相似, 但在震中西部差异较大, 在西部旧城断裂(F₃)附近, Rn和CO₂的浓度高于震中区, 推测应与地震活动和F₃控制的鼻状构造有关。3)Rn、 CO₂和Hg的浓度在陵县-冠县断裂(F₁)和F₃附近出现高值异常, 余震自F₁向F₃发展, 结合地质与地球物理研究资料推断, 平原M5.5地震应与F₁和F₃共同作用有关。以上结果表明, 气体地球化学方法能较好地指示隐伏断层的位置与展布方向。

关键词: 平原M5.5地震, 断层土壤气浓度, 陵县-冠县断裂, 旧城断裂, 构造地球化学

Abstract:

At 2:33 am on August 6, 2023, a M5.5 earthquake occurred in Pingyuan county, Dezhou city, Shandong Province. The faults within the epicenter and adjacent areas are deeply buried by the thick Quaternary sediment cover on which human activity is intensive, which makes it difficult to determine the location of the buried active faults from the surface based on geological and geomorphological evidences. It is necessary to detect the location of the buried active faults around earthquake areas and estimate their seismic risk.

In this study, based on the epicenter distribution direction of major earthquake and aftershocks, seismic and geological data of earthquake areas, and damage degree of local buildings, 4 survey lines with a length of 30km were arranged across the epicenters and adjacent areas, and the concentrations of Rn, CO₂ and Hg in soil gas were measured on site, and the results are as follows:

(1)There are obvious spatial differences in the concentrations of soil gas near the epicenter and its vicinities within the distance of 30km. Gas concentrations are relatively high near the epicenter areas and the east and west ends of 4 arranged survey lines, in contrast to those which are relatively low in other non-structural control regions. The spatial distribution pattern of Rn concentration in soil gas is basically consistent with that of CO₂, which may be due to CO₂ used as a carrier gas of Rn to migrate to the surface. At the southern end of the Lingxian-Guanxian Fault(F₁), the spatial concentration patterns of Rn and CO₂ gases exhibit multiple peaks or wide anomalous zones. It is speculated that the deformation zone of the fault rupture at this location is relatively wide, and there may be secondary permeable fracture zones in the west of the F₁. The escape form of Rn and CO₂ gas indicates that there may indeed be multiple small fault branches near the F₁, and the fault structure is relatively complex.

(2)The spatial concentration distributions of Hg, Rn and CO₂ in the epicenter areas are similar to that in its eastern region. However, in the western region of the epicenter areas, the spatial concentration distributions of Hg, Rn and CO₂ vary greatly, and the Rn and CO₂ concentrations near the Jiucheng Fault(F₃) in the west of the epicenter regions are higher than those near epicenters. It is speculated that this phenomenon may be related to the high-concentration gas migration caused by strong seismic tectonic activities and the special nasal geological structure controlled by F₃.

(3)The concentrations of Rn, CO₂ and Hg in the soil show high-value anomaly zones near the F₁ and F₃, and the concentrations of Rn and CO₂ in the west of F₃ exceed those in the epicenter area. After further earthquake relocation analysis, the spatial distribution of aftershocks exhibit a trend from F₁ to F₃. Combined with geochemical and geophysical research results, it is inferred that Pingyuan M5.5 earthquake should be related to the deep tectonic activities of F₁ and F₃.

Above research results show that the soil gas geochemical method can be applied to define the location and distribution direction of the buried faults with thick overburden, which provides an important criterion for earthquake trend tracking analysis. This study is of greatly scientific significance in determining the dynamic source and genetic mechanism of Pingyuan M5.5 earthquake, identifying potential strong earthquake hazard areas, and assessing the risk of future earthquakes in the study area.

Key words: Pingyuan M5.5 earthquake, Fault soil gas concentration, Lingxian-Guanxian Fault, Jiucheng Fault, Tectono-geochemistry

苏淑娟, 陈其峰, 孙豪, 刘军, 冯梁乐, 徐继龙, 杨彦明, 雒昆利. 平原M5.5地震土壤气地球化学特征及成因[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(2): 433-448.

SU Shu-juan, CHEN Qi-feng, SUN Hao, LIU Jun, FENG Liang-le, XU Ji-long, YANG Yan-ming, LUO Kun-li. GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GENESIS OF SOIL GAS IN THE PINGYUAN M5.5 EARTHQUAKE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(2): 433-448.

图/表 7

图1 平原地震的大地构造位置和附近100km内的地震地质图 a 平原地震的大地构造位置图(Qi et al., 2010); b 平原地震及附近100km的地震地质图和采样测量点(邓起东等, 2001)(地震数据来自中国地震台网中心①(① https://news.ceic.ac.cn/。))。THSFZ 太行山山前断裂带; ZPFZ 张家口-蓬莱断裂带; TLFZ 郯庐断裂带; CDFZ 沧东断裂带; F1陵县-冠县断裂; F2 黄河崖断裂; F3 旧城断裂; F4 宁南断裂; F5 临邑断裂; F6 桑梓店断裂; F7 高唐断裂; F8 聊考断裂; F9 东阿断裂; F10 长清断裂; F11 广饶-齐河断裂

Fig. 1 Tectonic location and seismo-geological map within 100km from Pingyuan earthquake.

图2 土壤气测线和重定位后平原M5.5地震序列的震中分布图 a 重定位后震中短轴剖面的三维空间分布; b重定位后震中长轴剖面的三维空间分布; c 土壤气测线、附近断裂和精定位后平原M5.5地震序列的震中分布(断裂名称参照图1)

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of soil gas survey lines and epicenters of Pingyuan M5.5 earthquake sequence after relocation.

图3 土壤气采集与测量方法示意图

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram showing soil gas sampling and measurement method.

表1 沿平原4条调查线土壤气Rn、 CO2和Hg浓度统计表

Table1 Soil gas concentrations of Rn、 CO2 and Hg along 4 survey lines in Pingyuan county

测线序号	气体名称	数据个数	Q_mean	Q_min	Q_max	σ	异常阈值
L₁	Rn/Bq·m^-3	24	4322	633	16000	3419	6033
	CO₂/ppm	24	2868	570	8070	2004	3870
	Hg/ng·m^-3	24	66	0	421	123	128
L₂	Rn/Bq·m^-3	24	4879	567	15300	4161	6959
	CO₂/ppm	24	2732	600	10830	2109	3787
	Hg/ng·m^-3	24	114	0	1116	207	218
L₃	Rn/Bq·m^-3	23	4332	506	15300	3694	6179
	CO₂/ppm	23	2879	800	8680	2039	3898
	Hg/ng·m^-3	23	69	1	275	77	107
L₄	Rn/Bq·m^-3	25	4939	536	13100	3656	6767
	CO₂/ppm	25	2659	460	11470	2686	4003
	Hg/ng·m^-3	25	32	0	152	52	58
	Rn/Bq·m^-3	288	4684	570	17800	3791	6579
L₁—L₄	CO₂/ppm	288	2770	460	11470	2169	3855
	Hg/ng·m^-3	288	69.38	0	1116	132	135.38

图4 Rn、 CO2和Hg浓度Q-Q图及异常阈值

Fig. 4 Quantile-Quantile(Q-Q)plots of Rn, CO2 and Hg concentrations with anomaly threshold values.

图5 平原地震断层土壤气浓度空间分布(断裂名称见图1)

Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of soil gas concentrations along active faults of Pingyuan earthquake(see Fig. 1 for fault names).

图6 4条测线的土壤气Rn、 CO2和Hg浓度变化

Fig. 6 Concentration variations of Rn, CO2 and Hg in soil gas along 4 survey lines.

参考文献 40

[1]	陈发景, 汪新文. 1997. 中国中、新生代含油气盆地成因类型、构造体系及地球动力学模式[J]. 现代地质, 11(4): 2—17.
	CHEN Fa-jing, WANG Xin-wen. 1997. Genetic types tectonic systems and geodynamic models of Mesozoic and Cenozoic oil- and gas-bearing basin in China[J]. Geoscience, 11(4): 2—17(in Chinese).
[2]	杜乐天. 2005. 地球排气作用的重大意义及研究进展[J]. 地质论评, 51(2): 174—180.
	DU Le-tian. 2005. Significance of earth degassing and its research progress[J]. Geological Review, 51(2): 174—180(in Chinese).
[3]	邓起东, 闵伟, 晁洪太, 等. 2001. 渤海地区新生代构造与地震活动[M]. 北京: 地震出版社.
	DENG Qi-dong, MIN Wei, CHAO Hong-tai, et al. 2001. Cenozoic Tectonics and Earthquake Activities in Bohai[M]. Earthquake Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese).
[4]	高小其, 梁卉, 王海涛, 等. 2015. 北天山地区泥火山的地球化学成因[J]. 地震地质, 37(4): 1215—1224. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2015.04.021.
	GAO Xiao-qi, LIANG Hui, WANG Hai-tao, et al. 2015. Origin of the mud volcano in northern Tianshan constrained by geochemical investigation[J]. Seismology and Geology, 37(4): 1215—1224(in Chinese). DOI
[5]	高小其, 王海涛, 高国英, 等. 2008. 霍尔果斯泥火山活动与新疆地区中强以上地震活动关系的初步研究[J]. 地震地质, 30(2): 464—472. DOI
	GAO Xiao-qi, WANG Hai-tao, GAO Guo-ying, et al. 2008. Preliminary research on the relation between activities of Horgos mud volcanoes and mid-strong earthquakes in Xinjiang[J]. Seismology and Geology, 30(2): 464—472(in Chinese). DOI
[6]	高战武, 徐杰, 宋长青, 等. 2000. 华北沧东断裂的构造特征[J]. 地震地质, 22(4): 395—404.
	GAO Zhan-wu, XU Jie, SONG Chang-qing, et al. 2000. Structural characters of the Cangdong Fault in north China[J]. Seismology and Geology, 22(4): 395—404(in Chinese).
[7]	郭华, 夏斌, 陈根文, 等. 2005. 临清坳陷中新世玄武岩地球化学特征及大地构造意义[J]. 石油学报, 26(4): 5—11. DOI
	GUO Hua, XIA Bin, CHEN Gen-wen, et al. 2005. Geochemical and geotectonic features of Miocene basalts in Linqing Sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 26(4): 5—11(in Chinese). DOI
[8]	何登发, 崔永谦, 张煜颖, 等. 2017. 渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷古潜山的构造成因类型[J]. 岩石学报, 33(4): 1338—1356.
	HE Deng-fa, CUI Yong-qian, ZHANG Yu-ying, et al. 2017. Structural genetic types of paleo-buried hill in Jizhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 33(4): 1338—1356(in Chinese).
[9]	李营, 陈志, 胡乐, 等. 2022. 流体地球化学进展及其在地震预测研究中的应用[J]. 科学通报, 67(13): 1404—1420.
	LI Ying, CHEN Zhi, HU Le, et al. 2022. Advances in seismic fluid geochemistry and its application in earthquake forecasting[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 67(13): 1404—1420(in Chinese).
[10]	李营, 杜建国, 王富宽, 等. 2009. 延怀盆地土壤气体地球化学特征[J]. 地震学报, 31(1): 82—91.
	LI Ying, DU Jian-guo, WANG Fu-kuan, et al. 2009. Geochemical characteristics of soil gas in Yanqing-Huailai Basin[J]. Acta Seismological Sinica, 31(1): 82—91(in Chinese).
[11]	李营, 方震, 张晨蕾, 等. 2023. 地震流体地球化学短临预测研究进展与展望[J]. 地震地质, 45(3): 593—621. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.03.001.
	LI Ying, FANG Zhen, ZHANG Chen-lei, et al. 2023. Research progress and prospect of seismic fluid geochemistry in short-imminent earthquake prediction[J]. Seismology and Geology, 45(3): 593—621(in Chinese). DOI
[12]	刘耀炜, 任宏微, 张磊, 等. 2015. 鲁甸6.5级地震地下流体典型异常与前兆机理分析[J]. 地震地质, 37(1): 307—318. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2015.01.024.
	LIU Yao-wei, REN Hong-wei, ZHANG Lei, et al. 2015. Underground fluid anomalies and the precursor mechanisms of the Ludian M_S6. 5 earthquake[J]. Seismology and Geology, 37(1): 307—318(in Chinese).
[13]	刘耀炜, 张元生. 1998. 共和7.0级地震前地下流体前兆的动态演化特征[J]. 西北地震学报, 20(1): 59—64.
	LIU Yao-wei, ZHANG Yuan-sheng. 1998. Dynamic evolution characteristics of ground fluid precursors before the Gonghe M_S7.0 earthquake 1990 in Qinghai Province[J]. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 20(1): 59—64(in Chinese).
[14]	刘兆飞, 李营, 陈志, 等. 2019. 吉兰泰断陷盆地周缘断裂带气体释放及其对断层活动性的指示意义[J]. 地震学报, 41(5): 613—632.
	LIU Zhao-fei, LI Ying, CHEN Zhi, et al. 2019. Gas emission from active fault zones around the Jilantai faulted depression basin and its implications for fault activities[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 41(5): 613—632(in Chinese).
[15]	柳忠泉, 邱连贵, 周桂芹. 2004. 临清坳陷东部构造变动特征及控制作用[J]. 石油实验地质, 26(1): 31—34.
	LIU Zhong-quan, QIU Lian-gui, ZHOU Gui-qin. 2004. Tectonic variation characteristics and controlling function in the eastern part of the Linqing depression[J]. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 26(1): 31—34(in Chinese).
[16]	彭远黔, 冉志杰, 朱坤静. 2021. 冠县断裂展布及其第四纪活动性研究[J]. 华北地震科学, 39(3): 38—44.
	PENG Yuan-qian, RAN Zhi-jie, ZHU kun-jing. 2021. Distribution of Guan county fault and its Quaternary activity[J]. North China Earthquake Sciences, 39(3): 38—44(in Chinese).
[17]	宋国奇, 柳忠泉. 1997. 临清坳陷东部构造样式及成藏条件分析[J]. 石油实验地质, 19(4): 323—327, 336.
	SONG Guo-qi, LIU Zhong-quan. 1997. Analysis of structural styles and reservoir-forming conditions in eastern Linqing Depression[J]. Experimental Petroleum Geology, 19(4): 323—327, 336(in Chinese).
[18]	宋明春. 2009. 山东省大地构造格局和地质构造演化[M]. 北京: 地质出版社.
	SONG Ming-chun. 2009. Tectonic Pattern and Geological Evolution in Shandong Province[M]. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese).
[19]	孙小龙, 刘耀炜, 付虹, 等. 2020. 我国地震地下流体学科分析预报研究进展回顾[J]. 地震研究, 43(2): 216—231.
	SUN Xiao-long, LIU Yao-wei, FU Hong, et al. 2020. A review of study in the analysis and prediction of seismic subsurface fluid during past ten years in China[J]. Journal of Seismological Research, 43(2): 216—231(in Chinese).
[20]	孙小龙, 王俊, 向阳, 等. 2016. 基于《中国震例》的地下流体异常特征统计分析[J]. 地震, 36(4): 120—130.
	SUN Xiao-long, WANG Jun, XIANG Yang, et al. 2016. Statistical characteristics of subsurface fluid precursors based on Earthquake Cases in China[J]. Earthquake, 36(4): 120—130(in Chinese).
[21]	王基华, 王亮, 孙凤鸣, 等. 1994. 隐伏断层性状的汞地球化学标志研究[J]. 中国地震, 10(2): 112—122.
	WANG Ji-hua, WANG Liang, SUN Feng-ming, et al. 1994. A study on marks of mercury-geochemistry of buried fault’s characters[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 10(2): 112—122(in Chinese).
[22]	温常贵, 真允庆, 刁谦, 等. 2016. 华北克拉通东部岩石圈破坏与幔柱的成因[J]. 地质找矿论丛, 31(1): 1—17.
	WEN Chang-gui, ZHEN Yun-qing, DIAO Qian, et al. 2016. Lithosphere destruction and mantle plume genesis of eastern North China Craton[J]. Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research, 31(1): 1—17(in Chinese).
[23]	吴兴宁, 周建勋. 2000. 渤海湾盆地构造成因观点剖析[J]. 地球物理学进展, 15(1): 98—107.
	WU Xing-ning, ZHOU Jian-xun. 2000. The anatomy about the tectonic cause of formation of Bohaiwan Basin[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 15(1): 98—107(in Chinese).
[24]	夏斌, 刘朝露, 陈根文. 2006. 渤海湾盆地中新生代构造演化与构造样式[J]. 天然气工业, 26(12): 57—60.
	XIA Bin, LIU Zhao-lu, CHEN Gen-wen. 2006. Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution and tectonic styles in the Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 26(12): 57—60(in Chinese).
[25]	徐杰, 高战武, 宋长青, 等. 2000. 太行山山前断裂带的构造特征[J]. 地震地质, 22(2): 111—122.
	XU Jie, GAO Zhan-wu, SONG Chang-qing, et al. 2000. The structural characters of the piedmont fault zone of Taihang Mountain[J]. Seismology and Geology, 22(2): 111—122(in Chinese).
[26]	颜世强, 潘懋, 邹祖光, 等. 2007. 山东德州凹陷地下热水地球化学特征及成因[J]. 中国地质, 34(1): 149—152.
	YAN Shi-qiang, PAN Mao, ZOU Zu-guang, et al. 2007. Geochemical characteristics and origin of geothermal water inthe Dezhou hollow[J]. Geology in China, 34(1): 149—152(in Chinese).
[27]	张世民, 吕悦军, 任俊杰. 2006. 华北平原强震构造带与潜在震源区划分[J]. 震灾防御技术, 1(3): 234—244.
	ZHANG Shi-min, LÜ Yue-jun, REN Jun-jie. 2006. Seismotectonics and potential seismic source zonation of the North China Plain[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 1(3): 234—244(in Chinese).
[28]	Baubron J C, Rigo A, Toutain J P. 2002. Soil gas profiles as a tool to characterise active tectonic areas: The Jaut Pass Example(Pyrenees, France)[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 196(1-2): 69—81.
[29]	Ciotoli G, Lombardi S, Annunziatellis A. 2007. Geostatistical analysis of soil gas data in a high seismic intermontane Basin: Fucino Plain, central Italy[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112(B5): B05407.
[30]	King C Y, King B S, Evans W C, et al. 1996. Spatial radon anomalies on active faults in California[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 11(4): 497—510.
[31]	Kingston D R, Dishroon C P, Williams P A. 1983. Hydrocarbon plays and global basin classification[J]. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 67(12): 2194—2198.
[32]	Li Y, Du J G, Wang X, et al. 2013. Spatial variations of soil gas geochemistry in the Tangshan area of northern China[J]. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 24(3): 323—332.
[33]	Negarestani A, Setayeshi S, Ghannadi-Maragheh M, et al. 2002. Layered neural networks-based analysis of radon concentration and environmental parameters in earthquake prediction[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 62(3): 225—233. PMID
[34]	Qi J, Yang Q. 2010. Cenozoic structural deformation and dynamic processes of the Bohai Bay Basin province, China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 27(4): 757—771.
[35]	Seminsky K Z, Demberel S. 2013. The first estimations of soil-radon activity near faults in Central Mongolia[J]. Radiation Measurements, 49(1): 19—34.
[36]	Sinclair A J. 1991. A fundamental approach to threshold estimation in exploration geochemistry: Probability plots revisited[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 41(1-2): 1—22.
[37]	Skelton A, Liljedahl-Claesson L, Wästeby N, et al. 2019. Hydrochemical changes before and after earthquakes based on long-term measurements of multiple parameter at two sites in northern Iceland: A review[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124(3): 2702—2720.
[38]	Su S, Li Y, Chen Z, et al. 2022. Geochemistry of geothermal fluids in the Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone, North China: Implications for structural segmentation[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 230: 1—19.
[39]	Toutain J P, Baubron J C. 1999. Gas geochemistry and seismotectonics: A review[J]. Tectonophysics, 304(1-2): 1—27.
[40]	Wang X, Li Y, Du J G, et al. 2014. Correlations between radon in soil gas and the activity of seismogenic faults in the Tangshan area, North China[J]. Radiation Measurements, 60(1-2): 8—14.

平原M5.5地震土壤气地球化学特征及成因

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GENESIS OF SOIL GAS IN THE PINGYUAN M5.5 EARTHQUAKE

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 40

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价