西昆仑碰撞后钾质火山岩岩浆作用过程——以普鲁和康西瓦火山群为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.02.005

地震地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 312-335.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.02.005

西昆仑碰撞后钾质火山岩岩浆作用过程——以普鲁和康西瓦火山群为例

丁冉¹^,²⁾(), 栾鹏³⁾^,^*(), 于红梅¹^,²⁾^,^*(), 魏费翔¹^,²⁾, 赵波¹^,²⁾, 杨文健¹^,²⁾, 许建东¹^,²⁾

¹⁾ 中国地震局地质研究所, 吉林长白山火山国家野外科学观测研究站, 北京 100029
²⁾ 中国地震局地震与火山灾害重点实验室, 北京 100029
³⁾ 中国自然资源经济研究院, 北京 101149

收稿日期:2023-03-21 修回日期:2023-05-22 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-05-29
通讯作者: *栾鹏, 男, 1982年生, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为自然资源管理, E-mail: pluan@canre.org.cn。于红梅, 女, 1981年生, 副研究员, 主要从事火山岩显微构造研究, E-mail: yuhongmei@ies.ac.cn。
作者简介:
丁冉, 女, 1998年生, 现为中国地震局地质研究所矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业在读硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为岩浆作用与岩浆岩, E-mail: 15253828226@163.com。
基金资助:
吉林长白山火山国家野外科学观测研究站专项(NORSCB20-02); 中国地震局地质研究所基本科研业务专项(IGCEA1904)

STUDY ON THE MAGMATIC PROCESSES OF POST-COLLISIONAL POTASSIC VOLCANIC ROCKS FROM WEST KUNLUN: TAKING THE PULU AND KANGXIWA VOLCANIC ROCKS AS EXAMPLES

DING Ran¹^,²⁾(), LUAN Peng³⁾^,^*(), YU Hong-mei¹^,²⁾^,^*(), WEI Fei-xiang¹^,²⁾, ZHAO Bo¹^,²⁾, YANG Wen-jian¹^,²⁾, XU Jian-dong¹^,²⁾

¹⁾ Changbaishan Volcano National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration(CEA), Beijing 100029, China
²⁾ Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
³⁾ China Academy of Natural Resources Economics, Beijing 101149, China

Received:2023-03-21 Revised:2023-05-22 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-05-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西昆仑处于青藏高原西北缘, 该地区岩浆活动强烈, 形成了多个大小、规模不等的碰撞后钾质火山岩群, 但这些钾质火山岩的岩浆作用过程依然不清晰。为了研究西昆仑地区的岩浆作用过程, 文中选取了该区域的普鲁和康西瓦火山群作为研究对象, 对其火山岩进行了全岩主量元素含量、斑晶结构和成分分析, 以及晶体大小分布(CSD)和岩浆结晶温压条件研究。结果表明, 尽管两地的岩浆具有相似的源区, 但这2个火山群的岩石类型和矿物组成存在显著差异。普鲁火山岩为一套粗安岩和玄武粗安岩的组合, 斑晶由斜长石、橄榄石、单斜辉石和少量斜方辉石构成; 康西瓦火山岩主要为响岩质碱玄岩, 斑晶矿物为单斜辉石、黑云母和少量橄榄石及斜长石。结合斑晶结构、环带成分和CSD曲线形态分析认为, 普鲁火山岩经历了不同演化程度的岩浆混合; 而康西瓦火山岩仅发生了岩浆自混, 且减压造成了斑晶的大量熔蚀。矿物-熔体平衡温压计计算表明, 普鲁火山岩的平衡温度为1 036~1 218℃, 平衡压力为5.1~9.9kbar, 对应的深度为19.4~37.3km; 康西瓦火山岩的平衡温度为1 154~1 282℃, 平衡压力为1.2~11.6kbar, 对应深度为4.3~43.7km。康西瓦地区的平衡压力变化范围较大, 可能与所处的断裂带有关。文中定量化研究了西昆仑地区的后碰撞钾质火山岩的岩浆作用过程, 补充了以往对该区域火山岩中斑晶CSD的研究, 揭示了岩浆在地壳岩浆储库内的运移和演化过程, 为青藏高原西北缘及其周边地区的火山活动研究提供了重要信息。

关键词: 显微结构, 晶体大小分布, 岩浆混合, 普鲁火山群, 康西瓦火山群, 西昆仑火山区

Abstract:

The West Kunlun region is located in the northwest margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Due to the subduction and collision of the Indian plate, this region has many post-collisional potassic volcanic areas of different sizes. Scholars have conducted many volcanic geology and petro-geochemistry work in the West Kunlun volcanic area, mainly focusing on the origin of deep magmas and plate dynamics. However, the magmatic processes of these potassic volcanic rocks are still unclear. To reveal the magmatic processes in the West Kunlun region and understand the mechanism of volcanic eruption, we analyzed the whole-rock major elements, structure and compositions of the phenocrysts, the crystal size distribution(CSD), and magma crystallization temperature and pressure conditions of the Pulu and Kangxiwa volcanic rocks. The results show that the magma sources of the two volcanic regions are close and their trace element characteristics are similar. Still, their rock types and mineral compositions are significantly different. The Pulu volcanic rocks are mainly trachyandesite and basaltic trachyandesite. The phenocrysts are composed of plagioclase, olivine, clinopyroxene and a small amount of orthopyroxene. The Kangxiwa volcanic rocks are mainly phonotephrite, consisting of clinopyroxene, biotite, and a small amount of olivine and plagioclase. The erosion and zonation of plagioclase, olivine and clinopyroxene were observed under a microscope. There are Nb-Ta and Ti negative anomalies in the two regions, with relative enrichment of large ion lithophile elements(LILF)and light rare earth elements(LREE), indicating that the magma source area has the characteristics of island arc magma, which is related to plate subduction. Based on the analysis of previous Sr-Nd datas, we suggest that the magmas from these two volcanic areas originated from enriched sources.

According to the erosion characteristics, zonal composition data, and the concave CSD pattern, we suggest that the magma in Pulu mixed with acidic magma, whereas the magma in Kangxiwa may only mix with the internal magma, resulting in a large amount of melt erosion of phenocrysts. In Pulu volcanic rocks, the retention time of the smaller size(<5mm)crystal is 190-332a, and that of crystallographic size(>5mm)is 339-860a. The CSD curves of clinopyroxene phenocrysts in Kangxiwa phonotephrites kink at the size of 1.5mm. In Kangxiwa volcanic rocks, the residence time of smaller crystallographic size(<1.5mm)is 5.8-6.4a, and that of larger crystallographic size(>1.5mm)is 9.6-21.2a. The CSD curves of the volcanic rocks from Pulu and Kangxiwa volcanic regions are concave upward, indicating that magma mixing may have occurred both in the two volcanic regions. The An values of the core and the rim of the normal zoning plagioclases and the For value of the normal zoning olivines in the Pulu volcanic rocks vary widely, and the feldspars with low An values at the rim are out of balance with the melt. This indicates that the magma of the Pulu volcanic group mixed with the acidic magma. The Mg# of the normal zoning clinopyroxenes in the Kangxiwa volcanic rocks has a narrow range, and they are all in balance with the melt. The crystallization pressure at the rim was low, and the decompression caused a large number of resorbed phenocrysts to melt. This indicates that the mixing of phenocrysts with different degrees of melting and erosion may result in upward concave CSD curves of clinopyroxenes in the Kangxiwa volcanic rocks, so the Kangxiwa volcanic rocks may only have internal magma mixing.

The mineral-melt equilibrium thermometers show that the equilibrium temperature and pressure of the Pulu volcanic rocks are 1 035-1 218℃, 5.1-9.9kbar, respectively, and the corresponding depth is 19.4~37.3km. The equilibrium temperature of Kangxiwa volcanic rocks is 1 154-1 282℃, the equilibrium pressure is 1.2-11.6kbar, and the corresponding depth is 4.3~43.7km. The variation range of equilibrium pressure in the Kangxiwa region is large, which may be related to the deep fault zone. In this study, by quantitatively studying the magmatic processes of post-collisional potassic volcanic rocks in the West Kunlun region, we provide CSD calculations of the volcanic rocks, reveal the migration and evolution processes of magmas in the crustal magma reservoir, and provide important information for the volcanic activities in the northwest margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surrounding regions.

Key words: microstructure, crystal size distribution, magmatic mixing, the Pulu volcanic field, The Kangxiwa volcanic field, the west Kunlun volcanic region

丁冉, 栾鹏, 于红梅, 魏费翔, 赵波, 杨文健, 许建东. 西昆仑碰撞后钾质火山岩岩浆作用过程——以普鲁和康西瓦火山群为例[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(2): 312-335.

DING Ran, LUAN Peng, YU Hong-mei, WEI Fei-xiang, ZHAO Bo, YANG Wen-jian, XU Jian-dong. STUDY ON THE MAGMATIC PROCESSES OF POST-COLLISIONAL POTASSIC VOLCANIC ROCKS FROM WEST KUNLUN: TAKING THE PULU AND KANGXIWA VOLCANIC ROCKS AS EXAMPLES[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(2): 312-335.

图/表 16

图1 a 西昆仑火山岩区在青藏高原的构造位置; b 西昆仑新生代火山岩及断层分布

Fig. 1 The tectonic location of the west Kunlun volcanic region on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(a) and the distribution of Cenozoic volcanic rocks and faults in the west Kunlun mountains(b).

表1 研究区新生代火山岩年龄表

Table 1 The chronology of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the study region

地点	年龄/Ma	时代	测试方法	资料来源
北普鲁	1.1~1.4	早更新世	K-Ar	刘嘉麒等(1990); 刘丛强等(1989)
普鲁下层	1.44±0.06 1.4 0.81±0.21	早更新世	K-Ar ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar	Otofuji et al., 1995 黎敦朋(2008) 王洪燕等(2011)
普鲁上层	1.05±0.11 1.1±0.1	早更新世	K-Ar ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar	Otofuji et al., 1995 黎敦朋等(2017)
康西瓦	3.80±0.11 1.98~(2.4±0.3)	上新世晚更新世	锆石U-Pb Ar-Ar	万渝生等(2004) 鲍佩声等(2006)

图2 普鲁和康西瓦火山群地区的采样点和剖面图 a 普鲁火山群地区的采样点分布; b 普鲁火山群采样区B的上、下层火山岩; c 普鲁火山群采样区B的素描图; d 康西瓦火山群地区采样点的照片; e 康西瓦火山群地区火山岩采样点的素描图

Fig. 2 Sampling locations and profiles of the Pulu and Kangxiwa volcanic clusters.

表2 普鲁和康西瓦火山群全岩主量元素百分含量(wt%)

Table2 Major element(wt%)analyses of basalts from Pulu and Kangxiwa volcanic clusters

地区	样品号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂ $O 3 T$	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	LOI	SUM
普鲁	19PL-2	54.44	2.25	15.85	8.90	0.12	3.91	5.81	3.64	4.13	1.11	-0.30	99.85
	19PL-4	54.42	2.21	15.72	8.81	0.12	3.86	5.83	3.61	4.16	1.09	-0.35	99.47
	19PL-7	53.89	2.20	15.67	8.73	0.12	3.81	5.89	3.61	4.12	1.09	-0.08	99.06
	215PL-2	53.23	2.26	16.02	8.80	0.11	3.67	5.93	3.88	4.27	1.16	0.10	99.41
	215PL-3	59.38	1.40	16.01	5.92	0.08	2.87	4.37	3.88	5.10	0.79	-0.19	99.60
	215PL-4	55.69	1.88	15.44	8.20	0.11	3.95	5.49	3.61	4.31	0.88	-0.33	99.23
	215PL-5	53.27	2.30	15.73	8.93	0.11	4.06	6.05	3.82	4.11	1.21	-0.15	99.44
	215PL-6	55.67	1.92	16.14	7.71	0.10	3.48	5.55	3.72	4.45	1.01	-0.23	99.51
	215PL-7	54.01	2.25	15.71	8.79	0.12	3.64	5.94	3.74	4.33	1.12	0.26	99.91
	215PL-9a	56.37	1.77	15.91	7.49	0.10	3.46	5.44	3.81	4.58	0.95	-0.15	99.73
	215PL-9b	54.32	2.14	15.88	8.39	0.11	3.97	6.08	3.68	4.14	1.05	-0.09	99.67
	215PL-10	54.12	2.23	15.76	8.66	0.12	3.82	5.93	3.74	4.28	1.12	0.06	99.82
	215PL-11	53.95	2.23	15.67	8.99	0.12	4.02	5.95	3.63	4.15	1.16	-0.38	99.48
	215PL-12	59.13	1.47	15.88	6.10	0.09	2.96	4.36	3.79	5.10	0.79	-0.13	99.52
	215PL-13	54.12	2.22	15.65	8.87	0.12	3.92	5.84	3.63	4.13	1.11	-0.27	99.33
	215PL-14	59.38	1.39	16.16	5.81	0.08	2.78	4.40	3.92	5.12	0.80	-0.19	99.65
	215PL-15	56.58	1.79	15.34	7.83	0.10	3.80	5.33	3.58	4.40	0.84	-0.17	99.42
	215PL-16	58.97	1.51	15.93	6.22	0.09	2.89	4.56	3.89	5.03	0.81	-0.13	99.77
康西瓦	kxw-2	47.23	2.05	12.74	9.17	0.13	7.80	7.84	2.58	6.45	1.65	1.33	98.97
	kxw-3	46.83	1.97	12.41	9.10	0.13	8.47	7.90	2.43	5.99	1.61	1.87	98.71
	kxw-4	47.88	1.95	12.55	8.87	0.13	7.62	8.59	5.90	1.66	1.65	2.39	99.19
	kxw-5	46.99	1.98	12.08	9.35	0.14	9.06	7.86	2.25	5.64	1.51	2.28	99.14
	kxw-6	48.14	2.05	12.46	8.77	0.12	7.54	8.80	5.18	1.83	1.46	2.29	98.64
	kxw-7	47.35	2.06	12.82	8.80	0.14	6.14	8.63	4.74	2.96	1.54	3.33	98.50
	kxw-8	47.11	2.08	12.82	8.72	0.15	6.27	8.52	4.67	3.11	1.55	3.40	98.39
	kxw-9	46.99	2.07	12.87	8.81	0.13	6.05	8.16	4.87	3.23	1.57	3.65	98.40

表2 普鲁和康西瓦火山群全岩主量元素百分含量(wt%)

Table2 Major element(wt%)analyses of basalts from Pulu and Kangxiwa volcanic clusters

地区	样品号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂ $O 3 T$	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	LOI	SUM
普鲁	19PL-2	54.44	2.25	15.85	8.90	0.12	3.91	5.81	3.64	4.13	1.11	-0.30	99.85
	19PL-4	54.42	2.21	15.72	8.81	0.12	3.86	5.83	3.61	4.16	1.09	-0.35	99.47
	19PL-7	53.89	2.20	15.67	8.73	0.12	3.81	5.89	3.61	4.12	1.09	-0.08	99.06
	215PL-2	53.23	2.26	16.02	8.80	0.11	3.67	5.93	3.88	4.27	1.16	0.10	99.41
	215PL-3	59.38	1.40	16.01	5.92	0.08	2.87	4.37	3.88	5.10	0.79	-0.19	99.60
	215PL-4	55.69	1.88	15.44	8.20	0.11	3.95	5.49	3.61	4.31	0.88	-0.33	99.23
	215PL-5	53.27	2.30	15.73	8.93	0.11	4.06	6.05	3.82	4.11	1.21	-0.15	99.44
	215PL-6	55.67	1.92	16.14	7.71	0.10	3.48	5.55	3.72	4.45	1.01	-0.23	99.51
	215PL-7	54.01	2.25	15.71	8.79	0.12	3.64	5.94	3.74	4.33	1.12	0.26	99.91
	215PL-9a	56.37	1.77	15.91	7.49	0.10	3.46	5.44	3.81	4.58	0.95	-0.15	99.73
	215PL-9b	54.32	2.14	15.88	8.39	0.11	3.97	6.08	3.68	4.14	1.05	-0.09	99.67
	215PL-10	54.12	2.23	15.76	8.66	0.12	3.82	5.93	3.74	4.28	1.12	0.06	99.82
	215PL-11	53.95	2.23	15.67	8.99	0.12	4.02	5.95	3.63	4.15	1.16	-0.38	99.48
	215PL-12	59.13	1.47	15.88	6.10	0.09	2.96	4.36	3.79	5.10	0.79	-0.13	99.52
	215PL-13	54.12	2.22	15.65	8.87	0.12	3.92	5.84	3.63	4.13	1.11	-0.27	99.33
	215PL-14	59.38	1.39	16.16	5.81	0.08	2.78	4.40	3.92	5.12	0.80	-0.19	99.65
	215PL-15	56.58	1.79	15.34	7.83	0.10	3.80	5.33	3.58	4.40	0.84	-0.17	99.42
	215PL-16	58.97	1.51	15.93	6.22	0.09	2.89	4.56	3.89	5.03	0.81	-0.13	99.77
康西瓦	kxw-2	47.23	2.05	12.74	9.17	0.13	7.80	7.84	2.58	6.45	1.65	1.33	98.97
	kxw-3	46.83	1.97	12.41	9.10	0.13	8.47	7.90	2.43	5.99	1.61	1.87	98.71
	kxw-4	47.88	1.95	12.55	8.87	0.13	7.62	8.59	5.90	1.66	1.65	2.39	99.19
	kxw-5	46.99	1.98	12.08	9.35	0.14	9.06	7.86	2.25	5.64	1.51	2.28	99.14
	kxw-6	48.14	2.05	12.46	8.77	0.12	7.54	8.80	5.18	1.83	1.46	2.29	98.64
	kxw-7	47.35	2.06	12.82	8.80	0.14	6.14	8.63	4.74	2.96	1.54	3.33	98.50
	kxw-8	47.11	2.08	12.82	8.72	0.15	6.27	8.52	4.67	3.11	1.55	3.40	98.39
	kxw-9	46.99	2.07	12.87	8.81	0.13	6.05	8.16	4.87	3.23	1.57	3.65	98.40

图3 普鲁和康西瓦火山岩TAS分类图解(底图据Le Bas et al., 1986) 普鲁投图数据来自文献(邓万明, 1998; Zhang et al., 2008; 王洪燕等, 2011; Wang et al., 2020); 康西瓦投图数据来自文献(新疆地质矿产局, 1993; 邓万明, 1998; Zhang et al., 2008; 杨迪, 2011)

Fig. 3 TAS diagram of volcanic rocks in Pulu and Kangxiwa volcanic rocks(after Le Bas et al., 1986).

图4 普鲁和康西瓦火山群全岩Harker图解

Fig. 4 Harker diagrams for volcanic rocks in Pulu and Kangxiwa volcanic clusters.

图5 普鲁火山群火山岩显微结构照片 a 内部熔蚀为麻点状的自形斜长石, 正交偏光; b 存在反应边的半自形单斜辉石, 正交偏光; c 自形斜长石正环带, 正交偏光; d 图c的背散射图像; e 自形斜长石正环带, 正交偏光; f 图e的背散射图像; g 自形橄榄石正环带,正交偏光; h 图g的背散射图像

Fig. 5 Photomicrographs of volcanic rocks in the Pulu volcanic cluster.

图6 康西瓦火山群火山岩的显微结构照片 a 边缘熔蚀的他形单斜辉石, 正交偏光; b 图a的背散射图像; c 有反应边的单斜辉石, 正交偏光; d 图c的背散射图像; e 内部熔蚀的自形单斜辉石, 正交偏光; f 图e的背散射图像; g 内部熔蚀的他形单斜辉石, 正交偏光; h 有熔蚀黑边的半自形黑云母, 正交偏光

Fig. 6 Photomicrographs of volcanic rocks in the Kangxiwa volcanic cluster.

图7 a 普鲁新生代火山岩长石斑晶成分投点图; b 普鲁和康西瓦新生代火山岩辉石斑晶成分投点图普鲁数据来自文献(邓万明, 1998; 张招崇等, 2005; Zhang et al., 2008); 康西瓦数据来自文献(邓万明, 1998)

Fig. 7 Compositional plots for plagioclase in the Pulu volcanic rocks(a), compositional plots for plagioclase in the Pulu and Kangxiwa Cenozoic volcanic rocks(b).

图8 a 普鲁火山群中斜长石斑晶CSD图; b 康西瓦火山群中单斜辉石斑晶CSD图

Fig. 8 CSD diagrams of plagioclase phenocrysts of Pulu volcano cluster(a) and CSD diagrams of clinopyroxene phenocrysts of Kangxiwa volcano cluster(b).

表3 普鲁和康西瓦火山群斑晶CSD参数

Table3 CSD parameters of phenocrysts of Pulu and Kangxiwa volcanic clusters

地区	样品号	去除气孔后的面积 /mm²	测量斑晶个数 N	晶轴比	较小的晶体尺寸段					较大的晶体尺寸段
地区	样品号	去除气孔后的面积 /mm²	测量斑晶个数 N	晶轴比	斜率 K	截距 D	特征长度 L_D/mm	停留时间 t/a	成核速率J /10^-10mm^-3/s	斜率 K	截距 D	特征长度 L_D/mm	停留时间 t/a	成核速率 J/10^-10mm^-3/s
普鲁	215PL-12.13	3009	605	1︰1.05︰4.5	-0.95	-1.33	1.047	332	0.27	-0.39	-3.84	2.533	803	0.02
	215PL-14.15	2897	984	1︰1︰3.6	-1.19	-0.29	0.840	266	0.75	-0.60	-2.96	1.675	531	0.05
	215PL-16	1365	515	1︰1︰4.5	-1.12	-0.41	0.893	283	0.66	-0.51	-2.88	1.973	626	0.06
	19PL-2.7	3104	676	1︰2.7︰8	-1.32	-0.50	0.756	240	0.61	-0.93	-1.85	1.070	339	0.16
	215PL-4.10.11	4342	844	1︰1.4︰5.5	-1.00	-1.05	0.999	317	0.35	-0.53	-3.30	1.891	600	0.04
	215PL-3	1511	331	1︰1︰6						-0.37	-3.59	2.711	860	0.03
	19PL-4,215PL-6.7	4757	758	1︰2.5︰5	-1.67	-0.40	0.601	190	0.67
	215PL-9	2860	634	1︰2.7︰8	-1.03	-1.19	0.968	307	0.31
康西瓦	kxw-2	1201	791	1︰1︰1.4	-5.24	3.08	0.191	6.1	217.38	-2.10	-0.53	0.476	15.1	5.90
	kxw-3	1582	988	1︰1.05︰1.4	-5.48	3.15	0.182	5.8	233.64	-3.32	0.87	0.301	9.6	23.92
	kxw-4	1409	391	1︰1.15︰1.5	-5.31	2.43	0.188	6.0	113.13	-3.15	0.20	0.318	10.1	12.24
	kxw-5	1382	1044	1︰1︰1.5	-4.93	3.13	0.203	6.4	228.14	-2.30	-0.23	0.435	13.8	7.96
	kxw-6	1380	792	1︰1.1︰3.7	-5.35	3.17	0.187	5.9	238.62	-1.50	-2.03	0.667	21.2	1.32
	kxw-7	1404	641	1︰1.2︰1.7	-5.46	3.27	0.183	5.8	262.37	-1.63	-1.74	0.614	19.5	1.76
	kxw-9	1208	446	1︰1.1︰1.7	-4.92	2.92	0.203	6.4	184.58	-2.14	-0.53	0.467	14.8	5.87

图9 西昆仑火山区普鲁和康西瓦火山岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图 a 标准化值据(Sun et al., 1989)和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图; b 标准化值据(McDonough et al., 1995)。洋岛玄武岩(OIB)和洋中脊玄武岩(E-MORB和N-MORB)组分据文献(Sun et al., 1989)。普鲁数据来自文献(邓万明, 1998; Guo et al., 2006, 2014; Zhang et al., 2008; 王洪燕等, 2011; Wang et al., 2020); 康西瓦数据来自文献 (Guo et al., 2006, 2014; 杨迪, 2011)

Fig. 9 Primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams.

图10 西昆仑火山区 87Sr/86Sr-143Nd/144Nd同位素比值图解 DMM指亏损的MORB型地幔, EMI和EMII分别指Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型富集地幔。数据来自文献(Turner et al., 1993, 1996; 邓万明, 1998; Zhang et al., 2008; 王洪燕等, 2011; 杨迪, 2011; Guo et al., 2014)

Fig. 10 Sr87Sr/86Sr-143Nd/144Nd isotope ratio diagrams of basalt in West Kunlun volcanic region.

图11 普鲁火山群中斜长石An、橄榄石Fo和康西瓦火山岩中辉石Mg#的直方图

Fig. 11 Histograms of plagioclase An and olivine Fo in Pulu volcanic rocks and histogram of pyroxene Mg# in Kangxiwa volcanic rocks.

表4 普鲁和康西瓦火山群单斜辉石温压计计算结果(Putirka, 2008)

Table4 Calculation results of pyroxene thermometers at Pulu and Kongxiwa volcanoes(Putirka, 2008)

地区	点号	K_D (Fe-Mg)^cpx-liq	温度^a /℃	压力^b /kbar	深度 /km	地区	点号	K_D (Fe-Mg)^cpx-liq	温度^a /℃	压力^b /kbar	深度 /km
普鲁	19PL-7a-1	0.27	1182	5.8	21.8	普鲁	215PL-15-2	0.29	1035	8.8	33.1
	19PL-7b-7	0.28	1218	5.7	21.5		215PL-15-11	0.28	1189	5.8	21.8
	215PL-3-1	0.28	1166	5.6	21.2		215PL-15-13	0.30	1158	9.9	37.3
	215PL-3-5	0.29	1155	7.5	28.5	康西瓦	kxw-2-3	0.29	1260	6.2	23.3
	215PL-3-6	0.30	1159	9.8	37.1		kxw-2-8	0.29	1226	5.9	22.2
	215PL-3-10	0.29	1152	8.8	33.4		kxw-2-11	0.29	1181	4.2	15.7
	215PL-4-10	0.28	1179	6.1	23.0		kxw-2-15	0.29	1184	2.0	7.5
	215PL-6-1	0.28	1177	6.7	25.4		kxw-3-4	0.30	1259	5.5	20.8
	215PL-6-7	0.28	1172	6.9	26.0		kxw-3-7	0.30	1261	11.6	43.7
	215PL-7-3	0.28	1177	6.7	25.3		kxw-3-9	0.30	1245	9.1	34.3
	215PL-7-9	0.27	1130	5.1	19.4		kxw-3-10	0.29	1221	2.2	8.2
	215PL-9a-8	0.28	1181	6.4	24.2		kxw-5-1	0.29	1237	3.6	13.7
	215PL-9a-12	0.28	1200	9.3	35.0		kxw-5-6	0.30	1276	7.5	28.3
	215PL-9b-14	0.28	1208	6.4	24.1		kxw-5-8	0.30	1278	7.8	29.3
	215PL-10-2	0.28	1183	6.5	24.6		kxw-5-9	0.29	1218	1.2	4.3
	215PL-11-12	0.28	1190	6.5	24.6		kxw-5-10	0.30	1282	8.6	32.4
	215PL-12-8	0.30	1167	9.7	36.8		kxw-6-4	0.29	1154	7.5	28.3
	215PL-12-16	0.29	1157	8.5	32.1		kxw-7-1	0.28	1226	4.6	17.5
	215PL-14-4	0.28	1168	7.8	29.6		kxw-7-9	0.28	1229	5.3	20.0
	215PL-14-9	0.29	1132	7.8	29.6		kxw-9-7	0.27	1181	1.6	6.2

表5 普鲁和康西瓦火山群单斜辉石温压计计算结果

Table5 Calculation results of pyroxene thermometers at Pulu and Kongxiwa volcanoes

地区	点位	温度 /℃	压力 /kbar	深度 /km	地区	点位	温度 /℃	压力 /kbar	深度 /km
普鲁	19PL-7a-1-1	1142	2.7	10.2	普鲁	215PL-14-9	1306	9.6	36.4
	19PL-7a-1-4	1144	3.3	12.5		215PL-14-12	1236	10.2	38.5
	19PL-7b-7	1200	4.7	17.9		215PL-15-2	1192	8.0	30.1
	215PL-3-1	1128	3.1	11.5		215PL-15-11	1146	3.2	12.2
	215PL-3-5	1303	8.0	30.2		215PL-15-13	1299	8.6	32.4
	215PL-3-6	1304	9.2	34.9	康西瓦	kxw-2-3	1194	2.8	10.6
	215PL-3-10	1302	8.7	33.0		kxw-2-8	1300	9.8	37.2
	215PL-4-10	1138	2.5	9.5		kxw-2-11	1228	6.1	23.2
	215PL-6-1	1142	3.7	13.9		kxw-2-15	1188	1.8	6.8
	215PL-6-7	1135	3.3	12.5		kxw-3-4	1182	2.0	7.6
	215PL-7-3	1128	3.6	13.7		kxw-3-7	1155	4.9	18.5
	215PL-7-9	1118	3.0	11.2		kxw-3-9	1288	10.9	41.3
	215PL-9a-8	1150	3.3	12.6		kxw-5-1	1205	3.4	12.9
	215PL-9a-12	1161	5.9	22.3		kxw-5-6	1252	5.4	20.6
	215PL-9b-14	1185	4.6	17.2		kxw-5-8	1188	2.9	11.0
	215PL-10-2	1151	3.8	14.5		kxw-5-10	1205	3.9	14.7
	215PL-11-12	1146	3.4	12.9		kxw-6-4	1212	5.6	21.3
	215PL-12-8	1304	9.3	35.3		kxw-7-1	1207	4.6	17.3
	215PL-12-16	1303	8.9	33.7		kxw-7-9	1213	5.3	20.0
	215PL-14-4	1119	4.3	16.3		kxw-9-7	1169	1.4	5.4

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西昆仑碰撞后钾质火山岩岩浆作用过程——以普鲁和康西瓦火山群为例

STUDY ON THE MAGMATIC PROCESSES OF POST-COLLISIONAL POTASSIC VOLCANIC ROCKS FROM WEST KUNLUN: TAKING THE PULU AND KANGXIWA VOLCANIC ROCKS AS EXAMPLES

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