中国地震科学实验场三维断层模型Web展示原型系统

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

活动断层的三维结构和模型是地震危险性研究的基础参数和重要数据。随着对接近真实形态的活动断层三维模型的应用需求不断增加, 对这类模型数据的共享及研究的需求也日益增加。数据共享课题的一个重要议题是如何构建基于Web的三维断层模型展示平台, 提高数据共享水平和用户体验。中国地震科学实验场(川滇地区)三维断层模型Web展示原型系统^①（① http://data.activetectonics.cn/arcportal/apps/webappviewer3d/index.html?id=754abeff247c4b3194ebd9bf3bd17f47。）是基于ArcGIS 10.6企业版的Web AppBuilder工具构建的一个实验性系统。该系统实现了基于Web GIS的三维展示系统的基本功能, 并成功测试了更适用于地震行业标准的用户交互方式、基本功能、场景数据迁移方案和三维场景设计方案。场景数据从三维断层建模平台到GIS平台的迁移, 是实现基于Web GIS三维展示系统的基础。场景中展示的三维数据采用与二维数据标准一致且视觉上融合度高的可视化方案。实践结果表明, 三维数据从建模平台迁出后, 应结合数据可视化方案, 在属性层面上与二维数据相融合, 以保证二维和三维数据在视觉上较好地融合。

关键词: 活动断层, 中国地震科学实验场, 三维断层模型, Web, 原型系统, 地理信息系统

Abstract:

The data of active fault structure and three-dimensional(3D)fault models is essential for seismic risk analysis. With more and more requirement for complex 3D fault models, the demand for data sharing and related research increases dramatically. A web-based display system for three-dimensional fault models would improve data sharing and user experience. Moreover, constructing such a web-based system is also an important issue for data sharing.

The 3D active fault models are built in a data modeling platform, while the web display system is constructed by the geographic information system(GIS)platform. Because the data structure, type, and content between data modeling and GIS platforms are different, the following questions are critical, for example, how to migrate 3D model data from the modeling platform to the GIS platform?and can the migrated data present the right attributions?In this paper we used the Web AppBuilder of ArcGIS 10.6 Enterprise Edition to build a Web prototype system to display 3D fault models of the China Earthquake Science Experimental Field(Sichuan-Yunnan region). The system implemented the basic functions of a 3D Web application and successfully tested the 3D scene display scheme, user interaction mode, and data migration scheme.

The prototype system adopted a local scene, which can easily switch between the above-ground and underground viewing angles of the scene. The scene included 2D fault surface traces, 3D fault models, and earthquakes with or without focal depth. After data fusion, the 3D fault models were classified and displayed with active age, having a good visual fusion effect with 2D fault data. Earthquakes with or without focal depth were displayed in different colors. The earthquakes without focal depth were uniformly displayed at 17km depth according to the average focal depth of the earthquakes with focal depth. So the earthquakes without focal depth can be highly consistent with other elements in the 3D scene.

The user interface interaction mode in the 3D scene of the prototype system was consistent with the common interaction mode of 2D map applications in the following aspects: 1)map browsing; 2)Navigation menu; 3)Geographical inquiry; and 4)Functional interactive tools. The system interface was simple, clear, logical, and unified. Users were easily acquainted with the three-dimensional scene interface according to the two-dimensional map interaction experience. It conformed to the user interface interaction principles of simple, consistent, predictable, and easy feedback.

The prototype system had the basic functions of 3D scene browsing, zooming in and out, 3D object attribute viewing, geographic query, base map switching, layer control, legend, and distance measurement. However, the prototype system needed further development and more complex functions such as data attribute table browsing, space selection, and space query.

This paper presented a data migration scheme from the modeling platform to the GIS platform. The data migration of this scheme can be divided into four steps: data format conversion, coordinate system conversion, 2D and 3D attribute information mapping, and 3D data attribute table construction. After transforming the data format and coordination system from the modeling platform to the GIS platform, 2D and 3D data fusion should be carried out to make 3D data and 2D data have the same attribution. The format conversion and coordinate system conversion steps can be automatically completed in batches. Otherwise, mapping the 2D and 3D attribute information and building the 3D data attribute table need manual handling.

In summary, this paper presents a data migration scheme from the modeling platform to the GIS platform. Practice in reality shows that only after conversing data format and coordination system from the modeling platform, the 2D and 3D data fusion steps are caplable of ensuring a better visual integration of them. The Web-based prototype system of displaying 3D fault models of the China Seismic Experimental Site implements the basic functions of 3D scene application and tests the fused 2D and 3D data visualization. It is friendly and open to users, with a great demonstration significance.

Key words: active fault, China Seismic Experimental Site, three-dimensional fault model, web-based, prototype, geographic information system

吴熙彦, 鲁人齐, 张金玉, 孙晓, 徐芳, 陈桂华. 中国地震科学实验场三维断层模型Web展示原型系统[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(1): 35-47.

WU Xi-yan, LU Ren-qi, ZHANG Jin-yu, SUN Xiao, XU Fang, CHEN Gui-hua. A WEB-BASED PROTOTYPE SYSTEM FOR THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FAULT MODELS OF THE CHINA SEISMIC EXPERIMENTAL SITE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(1): 35-47.

图/表 7

图1 川滇地区主要活动断裂三维模型V2.0+透视图(V︰H=2︰1)

Fig. 1 The perspective view of 3-D fault models version 2.0+ of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces(V︰H=2︰1).

图2 强震目录空间分布图 a 在ArcGIS Pro中从地下向上仰视的角度; b 在ArcGIS Pro中的侧面视角; c 在ArcGIS Pro中的正射视角。强震目录分为已获取震源深度和不能获取震源深度2个子数据集

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of strong earthquakes in study region.

图3 数据迁移前后对比图 a SKUA-GOCAD软件中的断层三维模型及其属性; b 从SKUA-GOCAD软件直接转换后导入ArcGIS Pro 软件中的断层三维模型及其属性; c 完成融合后的断层三维模型及其属性。数据的质量和数据转换后的真实效果图

Fig. 3 Comparison diagram of before and after data migration.

图4 数据融合前后的场景对比图 a、 b 融合后场景的2个视图; c、 d 融合前场景的2个视图

Fig. 4 Scene comparison before and after data fusion.

图5 中国地震科学实验场三维断层模型Web展示原型系统的架构图

Fig. 5 The architecture diagram of a web-based prototype system for the 3D fault models of the China Seismic Experimental Site.

图6 中国地震科学实验场三维断层模型Web展示原型系统的地上视角

Fig. 6 The downward view from the sky of the web-based prototype system for the 3D fault models of the China Seismic Experimental Site.

图7 地震科学实验场断层三维模型展示系统的地下视角

Fig. 7 The upward view from the ground of the web-based prototype system for the 3D fault models of the China Seismic Experimental Site.

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