重结晶碳酸盐在碳酸盐岩区基岩断层定年中的应用--以广西那坡断裂北段R剪切断层为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2022.05.004

地震地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1142-1155.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2022.05.004

重结晶碳酸盐在碳酸盐岩区基岩断层定年中的应用--以广西那坡断裂北段R剪切断层为例

姬昊¹⁾(), 刘春茹¹⁾^,^*(), 张沛全²⁾, 李冰溯²⁾, 聂冠军²⁾, 魏传义¹⁾, 尹功明¹⁾

1)中国地震局地质研究所, 地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
2)广西壮族自治区地震局, 南宁 530022

收稿日期:2021-07-19 修回日期:2021-12-24 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-11-28
通讯作者: 刘春茹
作者简介:
姬昊, 男, 1996年生, 现为中国地震局地质研究所构造地质学专业在读博士研究生, 主要研究方向为断层带演化及年代学, E-mail: jihao9610@126.com。
基金资助:
广西壮族自治区地震科技星火计划项目(XH20045); 中国地震局地质研究所基本科研业务专项(IGCEA1908); 中国地震局地质研究所基本科研业务专项(IGCEA2015)

APPLICATION OF RECRYSTALLIZED CARBONATES TO THE DATING OF BEDROCK FAULTS IN CARBONATE ROCK AREA--A CASE STUDY ON THE R-SHEAR FAULT OF THE NORTHERN SECTION OF THE NAPO FAULT SYSTEM

JI Hao¹⁾(), LIU Chun-ru¹⁾(), ZHANG Pei-quan²⁾, LI Bing-su²⁾, NIE Guan-jun²⁾, WEI Chuan-yi¹⁾, YIN Gong-ming¹⁾

1) State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
2) Earthquake Agency of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530022, China

Received:2021-07-19 Revised:2021-12-24 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-11-28
Contact: LIU Chun-ru

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在缺乏第四纪沉积物覆盖的碳酸盐岩基岩区, 难以确定断层的第四纪活动历史。碳酸盐岩基岩区断层活动往往会在断层面上形成重结晶碳酸盐, 这为利用ESR方法研究此类断层的第四纪活动历史提供了物质基础。文中采集了那坡断裂系北段一条R剪切断层基岩面的3个重结晶碳酸盐样品, 并开展ESR测年研究。结果表明, 该断层的活动时代大致为距今0.2Ma, 根据里德尔剪切模型推测, 那坡断裂的主干断层可能发生过晚于距今0.2Ma的构造活动; 同时, 碳酸盐岩基岩区断层活动产生的重结晶碳酸盐作为直接记录断层活动信息的测年材料, 具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: ESR测年, 碳酸盐岩, 基岩断层, 里德尔剪切, 那坡断裂

Abstract:

The history of fault activity is the basis for understanding earthquake activity, evaluating earthquake risk and reducing earthquake hazards. At present, the determination of fault activity age can be divided into two categories according to different dating objects: One is the sediments related to fault activity to define the activity age, mainly through the dating of dislocated and non-displaced strata and landforms. For sediment dating, there are currently many dating techniques available with high reliability, such as ¹⁴C method, luminescence dating, etc. Therefore, those dating methods are currently the main ones for determining the chronology of fault movement. The other is the dating of materials and geomorphic surfaces directly related to fault activity. Such as fault gouges, bedrock slip surfaces(including associated or secondary substances on fault surfaces or slip surfaces), veins filled in fault zones, etc. However, the Quaternary activity of the faults in the carbonate rock area is difficult to determine due to the lack of Quaternary sediment cover. The latest research shows that recrystallized carbonate formed on the fault surface in carbonate rock area provides an ideal material for the study of such faults using ESR method. In the carbonate rock area, during the fault activity, the heat produced by friction leads to melting of the frictional surface of the rocks and produces a thin layer(~2mm)of recrystallized carbonates. The recrystallized carbonate with obvious fault scratches is the product of dynamic metamorphism of the frictional surface due to the local high temperature and pressure environment generated by the rapid friction of the two walls of fault during the fault activity, and its age coincides with the fault movement. The recrystallization experienced by recrystallized carbonate can clear the accumulated ESR signals before the fault occurs, and the new ESR signals accumulation begins after the fault movement. Therefore, the chronology of fault activity can be obtained by determining the age of recrystallized carbonate on the fault surface using the ESR method. The Napo fault zone controls the earthquake breeding and occurrence of the Youjiang seismic zone, so it is of great significance to study the tectonic activity in Guangxi region. However, due to the limitation of dating materials, the chronology of Napo fault zone is very scarce. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, three recrystallized carbonate samples from an R-shear fault in the north section of Napo fault system were collected for ESR analysis. The results show the chronology of this fault activity is approximately 200kaBP. Based on the Riedel shear model, it can be speculated that the main fault of the Napo fault system may have undergone tectonic activity after 200kaBP. Consequently, recrystallized carbonates produced by fault activity in the carbonate bedrock region have broad application prospects as dating materials that directly record fault activity information.

Key words: ESR dating, carbonate rock, bedrock fault, Riedel shear, Napo fault system

姬昊, 刘春茹, 张沛全, 李冰溯, 聂冠军, 魏传义, 尹功明. 重结晶碳酸盐在碳酸盐岩区基岩断层定年中的应用--以广西那坡断裂北段R剪切断层为例[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(5): 1142-1155.

JI Hao, LIU Chun-ru, ZHANG Pei-quan, LI Bing-su, NIE Guan-jun, WEI Chuan-yi, YIN Gong-ming. APPLICATION OF RECRYSTALLIZED CARBONATES TO THE DATING OF BEDROCK FAULTS IN CARBONATE ROCK AREA--A CASE STUDY ON THE R-SHEAR FAULT OF THE NORTHERN SECTION OF THE NAPO FAULT SYSTEM[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2022, 44(5): 1142-1155.

图/表 8

图1 那坡断裂北段的断层展布特征 a 研究区位置; b 那坡断裂北段断层的展布特征; b 里德尔剪切模型, 修改自文献(Lin et al., 2011)

Fig. 1 Fault distribution characteristics of the northern segment of the Napo fault zone.

图2 a 那坡-安德断层弄必露头断面; b ESR样品采集点蓝色箭头指示断层的运动方向

Fig. 2 Outcrop section(a)and ESR sample collection site(b)on the Napo-Ande Fault at Nongbi.

图3 重结晶碳酸盐样品(NB01-A、 NB01-B和NB01-C)的ESR谱图(20℃, 辐照剂量为796.2Gy)

Fig. 3 ESR spectra of recrystallized carbonate samples(NB01-A, NB01-B and NB01-C) (20℃, radiation dose of 796.2Gy).

表1 重结晶碳酸盐样品(NB01-A、 NB01-B和NB01-C)自身提供的α和β剂量率

Table1 The α and β dose rates provided by recrystallized carbonate samples(NB01-A, NB01-B and NB01-C)

样品编号	U/μg·g^-1	Th/μg·g^-1	K/%	α剂量率/Gy·ka^-1	β剂量率/Gy·ka^-1
NB01-A	0.134±0.007	0.700±0.035	0.058±0.003	0.114±0.009	0.084±0.004
NB01-B	0.192±0.010	1.100±0.055	0.086±0.004	0.173±0.014	0.125±0.006
NB01-C	0.147±0.007	0.826±0.041	0.065±0.003	0.131±0.010	0.095±0.005

表2 样品周围环境(基岩)产生的β和γ剂量率

Table2 The β and γ dose rates generated by the surrounding environment(bedrock)of samples

样品编号	U/μg·g^-1	Th/μg·g^-1	K/%	β剂量率/Gy·ka^-1	γ剂量率/Gy·ka^-1
NB01-JY	0.480±0.024	0.060±0.003	0.004±0.002	0.037±0.003	0.058±0.005

图4 重结晶碳酸盐样品(NB01-A、 NB01-B和NB01-C)g=2.00 0 6信号的附加剂量响应曲线

Fig. 4 Additive dose curves of g=2.00 0 6 for recrystallized carbonate samples(NB01-A, NB01-B and NB01-C).

表3 重结晶碳酸盐样品(NB01-A、 NB01-B和NB01-C)的总剂量率、等效剂量及测年结果

Table3 Total dose rates, equivalent doses, and ages of recrystallized carbonate samples (NB01-A, NB01-B and NB01-C)

样品编号	海拔 /m	α剂量率 /Gy·ka^-1	β剂量率 /Gy·ka^-1	γ剂量率 /Gy·ka^-1	宇宙剂量率 /Gy·ka^-1	总剂量率 /Gy·ka^-1	等效剂量 /Gy	年龄 /ka
NB01-A	1 223	0.114±0.009	0.079±0.004	0.058±0.005	0.290	0.541±0.054	115±8	213±15
NB01-B	1 223	0.173±0.014	0.100±0.005	0.058±0.005	0.290	0.621±0.062	117±5	188±8
NB01-C	1 223	0.131±0.010	0.085±0.005	0.058±0.005	0.290	0.564±0.056	110±7	195±12

图5 研究区及周边地区主要断裂的分布图(引自聂冠军等, 2019)

Fig. 5 Distribution of major faults in the study area and surrounding areas(after NIE Guan-jun et al., 2019).

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重结晶碳酸盐在碳酸盐岩区基岩断层定年中的应用--以广西那坡断裂北段R剪切断层为例

APPLICATION OF RECRYSTALLIZED CARBONATES TO THE DATING OF BEDROCK FAULTS IN CARBONATE ROCK AREA--A CASE STUDY ON THE R-SHEAR FAULT OF THE NORTHERN SECTION OF THE NAPO FAULT SYSTEM

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