大地电磁数据揭示的1303年洪洞8级地震区精细结构

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2022.03.008

地震地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 686-700.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2022.03.008

• 极低频地震电磁专题文章 • 上一篇下一篇

大地电磁数据揭示的1303年洪洞8级地震区精细结构

赵凌强¹^,²^,³⁾(), 詹艳¹^,²⁾^,^*(), 王庆良³⁾, 孙翔宇¹^,²⁾, 韩静¹^,²⁾, 操聪³⁾, 张松³⁾, 蔡妍⁴⁾

1)中国地震局地质研究所, 地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
2)中国地震局地质研究所, 山西太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学研究站, 北京 100029
3)中国地震局第二监测中心, 西安 710054
4)中国地震局地球物理研究所, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2021-05-12 修回日期:2021-08-08 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-08-02
通讯作者: 詹艳
作者简介:赵凌强, 男, 1988年生, 2020年于中国地震局地质研究所获固体地球物理学专业博士学位, 高级工程师, 研究方向为大地电磁数据处理与解释, E-mail: zhaolingqiang0926@126.com。
基金资助:
山西太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站项目(NORSTY20-07);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1500103);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1500102);国家自然科学基金(41474057);国家自然科学基金(41590860);国家自然科学基金(61627824);地震动力学国家重点实验室开放基金(LED2019B06)

THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE 1303 HONGTONG M8 EARTHQUAKE INFERRED FROM MAGNETOTELLURIC IMAGING

ZHAO Ling-qiang¹^,²^,³⁾(), ZHAN Yan¹^,²⁾^,^*(), WANG Qing-liang³⁾, SUN Xiang-yu¹^,²⁾, HAN Jing¹^,²⁾, CAO Cong³⁾, ZHANG Song³⁾, CAI Yan⁴⁾

1) State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
2) National Continental Rift Valley Dynamics Observatory of Taiyuan, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
3) The Second Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Xi'an 710043, China
4) Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2021-05-12 Revised:2021-08-08 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-08-02
Contact: ZHAN Yan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文中利用相位张量分解技术、三维NLCG反演方法对一条跨过1303年洪洞8级地震区、长160km的大地电磁剖面的数据进行了分解和反演计算, 再结合研究区及其附近的形变场、最新地震地质和地球物理调查结果以及2008年1月—2012年12月的小地震精定位结果等资料进行综合分析。研究表明, 霍山山前断裂是研究区内明显的大型电性边界带, 在中深部表现为低阻特征, 贯穿了整个地壳尺度, 该断裂为NNE走向的右旋正断裂, 可能是划分鄂尔多斯地块和华北地块的基底断裂。以霍山山前断裂为界, 西侧鄂尔多斯地块表现为层状的稳定构造环境, 而东侧华北地块的中下地壳岩石圈破坏严重且存在减薄的趋势。大地电磁探测结果支持1303年洪洞8级地震的发震断裂为霍山山前断裂的观点, 地震可能发生在霍山山前断裂下方的低阻体中, 震源深度可能介于10~20km之间。1303年洪洞8级地震的孕震环境可能受多重因素控制, 研究区东侧中下地壳可能存在的软流圈物质不断上涌引起了华北地块的区域拉张作用, 进而导致霍山山前断裂发生倾向滑动可能是地震的主控因素。

关键词: 大地电磁, 1303年洪洞8级地震, 临汾盆地, 霍山山前断裂

Abstract:

In the early Autumn of 1303AD, a large earthquake with a tremendous impact occurred in the northeast of Hongtong County, Shanxi Province, and this earthquake was the first major earthquake of M8 identified by seismogeologists through the study of historical records. The magnitude of the earthquake was large, and the isoseismal line was distributed in the NNE direction. The meizoseismal area was mainly located in the densely populated Fenwei fault-depression zone, so it caused great economic and property losses and casualties at that time, and left a lot of historical data. Most scholars have identified the seismic rupture of this earthquake as the Huoshan piedmont fault, but the current research methods are focused on geological methods such as seismogeological surveys and trenching. At present, in addition to seismogeological investigation and research, there is an urgent need for detailed geophysical exploration of the fine structure and seismogenic environment of the 1303 Hongtong earthquake area and the deep structure of the Huoshan piedmont fault. The phase tensor decomposition techniques and NLCG three-dimensional inversion were used to process the data of a MT profile, which is 160km in length and across the 1303 M8 Hongtong earthquake area, combined with the present-day crustal vertical motion data(including GPS and leveling data)and the latest geological and geophysical survey results in and around the study area. The results show that the Huoshan piedmont fault is an obvious large electrical boundary zone in the study area. In the middle and deep part, it is a low resistivity belt, which runs through the whole scale of the crust. The fault is a NNE-trending dextral normal fault, which may be the basement fault dividing Ordos block and North China block, extending from the surface to 40km underground. The Lishi Fault also shows as an obvious electrical boundary zone, which may be a large-scale fault system in the study area. With the Huoshan piedmont fault as the boundary, the Ordos block and North China block on the east and west sides of the fault show different electrical structural characteristics. The Ordos block in the west shows a stable tectonic environment, while the lithosphere in the North China block in the east is seriously damaged and has a trend of thinning. The results of magnetotelluric survey support the point that the Huoshan piedmont fault is the seismogenic fault of Hongtong earthquake in 1303. The earthquake might occur in the low resistivity zone under the Huoshan piedmont fault, and the focal depth may be between 10~20km. We believe that the seismogenic environment of the 1303 Hongtong earthquake may be controlled by multiple factors, such as the northeastward extrusion of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the possible overall counterclockwise movement and uplift of the Ordos block, which led to an obvious right-slip movement of the Huoshan piedmont fault near the Linfen Basin. The upwelling of soft fluvial material in the lower and middle crust of the eastern part of the Linfen Basin caused the regional extension of the North China craton, leading to dip slip of the Huoshan piedmont fault, which may be the main controlling factor for the generation of this earthquake.

Key words: magnetotelluric, the 1303 Hongtong M8 earthquake, Linfen Basin, Huoshan piedmont fault

中图分类号:

P315.721

赵凌强, 詹艳, 王庆良, 孙翔宇, 韩静, 操聪, 张松, 蔡妍. 大地电磁数据揭示的1303年洪洞8级地震区精细结构[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(3): 686-700.

ZHAO Ling-qiang, ZHAN Yan, WANG Qing-liang, SUN Xiang-yu, HAN Jing, CAO Cong, ZHANG Song, CAI Yan. THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE 1303 HONGTONG M8 EARTHQUAKE INFERRED FROM MAGNETOTELLURIC IMAGING[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2022, 44(3): 686-700.

图/表 5

图 1 a 区域构造简图; b 研究区断裂和大地电磁实测点位图 F1霍山山前断裂; F2万安断裂; F3苏堡-魏村断裂; F4贾村断裂; F5浮山山前断裂;F6离石断裂。 1303年洪洞8级地震等震线分布图修改自高孟潭等(2004)和Xu等(2018)

Fig. 1 The tectonic outline map(a), the faults and magnetotelluric measurement sites of the study area(b).

图 2 研究区典型测点的视电阻率相位曲线图

Fig. 2 Apparent resistivity and impedance phase curves of typical measuring points along profile.

图 3 a 沿剖面不同频率的二维偏离度|β|值; b 相位不变量

Fig. 3 The |β| phase tensor ellipse (a) and phase-tensor (b) of different periods along profile.

图 4 不同输入参数的三维反演结果图

Fig. 4 Different input parameters of 3D result along the profile.

图 5 研究区的深部电性结构图和解译图

Fig. 5 Deep electric structure and interpretation of the profile.

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大地电磁数据揭示的1303年洪洞8级地震区精细结构

THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE 1303 HONGTONG M8 EARTHQUAKE INFERRED FROM MAGNETOTELLURIC IMAGING

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