利用无人机摄影测量技术提取活动构造定量参数

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2018.06.006

地震地质 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 1276-1293.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2018.06.006

利用无人机摄影测量技术提取活动构造定量参数

艾明¹, 毕海芸¹, 郑文俊², 尹金辉¹, 袁道阳³, 任治坤¹, 陈干¹, 刘金瑞¹

1 中国地震局地质研究所, 地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029;
2 中山大学地球科学与工程学院, 广东省地球动力作用与地质灾害重点实验室, 广州 510275;
3 中国地震局兰州地震研究所, 兰州 730000

收稿日期:2018-01-17 修回日期:2018-07-29 出版日期:2018-12-20 发布日期:2019-01-18
通讯作者: 毕海芸,女,副研究员,E-mail:bihaiyun@ies.ac.cn
作者简介:艾明,男,1993年生,2015年于武汉大学获测绘工程专业学士学位,现为中国地震局地质研究所构造地质学专业在读硕士研究生,主要从事活动构造与摄影测量方面的研究工作,E-mail:aiming_cea@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41602224、41590861、41661134011）和中国地震局地质研究所基本科研业务专项（IGCEA1706、IGCEA1524）共同资助

USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE PHOTOGRAMMETRY TECHNOLOGY TO OBTAIN QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF ACTIVE TECTONICS

AI Ming¹, BI Hai-yun¹, ZHENG Wen-jun², YIN Jin-hui¹, YUAN Dao-yang³, REN Zhi-kun¹, CHEN Gan¹, LIU Jin-rui¹

1 State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China;
2 Guangdong Key Lab of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
3 Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2018-01-17 Revised:2018-07-29 Online:2018-12-20 Published:2019-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，随着摄影测量技术的发展以及无人机技术的普及，利用无人机摄影测量技术快速获取断裂带上高精度和高分辨率的地形地貌数据已成为1种重要的技术手段。文中首先介绍了1种简单高效且成本较低的新型数字摄影测量技术——SfM（Structure from Motion）方法的基本原理与作业流程，并选取青海茶卡盆地北缘断裂上1个典型的断错地貌点进行了无人机航空影像数据的采集和处理，最终生成了空间分辨率为6.1cm的高分辨率数字高程模型（DEM），点云密度高达273点/m²，覆盖面积达0.463km²。其次，利用地形剖面分析方法提取了平行于断层方向的地形剖面和坡度剖面等数据，结合基于DEM生成的等高线图和坡度图，对复杂的多级地貌面进行了精细的解译和定量研究。最后，基于地貌精细解译的结果，通过DEM提取的地形剖面数据确定了T₁—T₃阶地的垂直位移分别为（1.01±0.06）m、（1.37±0.13）m和（3.10±0.11）m，T₄和T₅阶地垂直位移的下限分别为（3.77±0.14）m和（5.46±0.26）m，获取了通过传统遥感影像难以直接获得的垂直位移信息，展示了无人机摄影测量技术在活动构造定量研究中广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 无人机, 摄影测量技术, DEM, 断错地貌, 活动构造

Abstract: With the development of photogrammetry technology and the popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)technology in recent years, using UAV photogrammetry technology to rapidly acquire high precision and high resolution topographic and geomorphic data on the fault zone has gradually become an important technical means. This paper first summarizes the basic principle and workflow of a new digital photogrammetry technology, SfM (Structure from Motion), which is simple, efficient and low cost. Using this technology, we conducted aerial image acquisition and data processing for a typical fault landform on the northern of Caka Basin in Qinghai. The digital elevation model (DEM)with 6.1cm/pix resolution is generated and the density of point cloud is as high as 273 points/m². The coverage area is 0.463km². Further, the terrain and slope data parallel to the fault direction are extracted by topographic analysis method, and combined with the contour map and the slope diagram generated by the DEM, a fine interpretation and quantitative study of complex multilevel geomorphic surfaces is carried out. Finally, based on the results of sophisticated interpretation of geomorphology, we got the vertical displacements of the T₁ terrace to the T₃ terrace as (1.01±0.06)m, (1.37±0.13)m and (3.10±0.11)m, and the minimum vertical displacements of the T₄ terrace and the T₅ terrace as (3.77±0.14)m and (5.46±0.26)m, respectively, through the topographic profile data extracted by DEM. Such vertical displacement parameters are difficult to obtain directly by traditional remote sensing images, which shows the great application prospect of UAV photogrammetry technology in the quantitative study of active tectonics.

Key words: UAVs, photogrammetry technology, DEM, faulted geomorphology, active tectonics

中图分类号:

P315.2

艾明, 毕海芸, 郑文俊, 尹金辉, 袁道阳, 任治坤, 陈干, 刘金瑞. 利用无人机摄影测量技术提取活动构造定量参数[J]. 地震地质, 2018, 40(6): 1276-1293.

AI Ming, BI Hai-yun, ZHENG Wen-jun, YIN Jin-hui, YUAN Dao-yang, REN Zhi-kun, CHEN Gan, LIU Jin-rui. USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE PHOTOGRAMMETRY TECHNOLOGY TO OBTAIN QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF ACTIVE TECTONICS[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2018, 40(6): 1276-1293.

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利用无人机摄影测量技术提取活动构造定量参数

USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE PHOTOGRAMMETRY TECHNOLOGY TO OBTAIN QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF ACTIVE TECTONICS

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