褶皱陡坎中相关断层在缩短量计算中的作用——以东秋里塔格背斜为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2015.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对东秋里塔格背斜地区内与褶皱陡坎伴生的次级断层进行的地质调查, 确定了该次级断层属于伸出向斜的逆冲断层, 也给出了次级断层的发生时间晚于褶皱作用起始时间的1个变形实例.褶皱陡坎中发育的次级断层使得陡坎上盘地层沿断层面整体向上迁移, 不仅次级断层使得阶地面发生掀斜并增大褶皱陡坎的坡度, 而且直接影响了区域缩短增量计算的真实性.计算结果显示, 当不考虑次级断层对褶皱陡坎高度的影响时, 计算所得缩短增量为51.42m, 考虑次级断层对褶皱陡坎高度的影响时, 计算得到的地壳缩短量为45.23m.二者相差6.19m, 偏差占总缩短增量的13.7%, 是一个不可忽视的量值.东秋里塔格背斜北翼和南翼的褶皱陡坎发育于相同岩性的基岩中而且具有相同的形成机制.但是背斜北翼在水平距离不足300m的范围内发育了3级褶皱陡坎, 这表明北翼相对于南翼, 其活动枢纽带更为紧闭.这是由于北翼存在更加强烈的挤压应力及更加快速的隆升作用.因此, 次级断层的研究对于正确认识区域构造演化、了解褶皱与断层相互作用关系具有重要意义.但是仍存在很多问题: 1)受观察剖面范围有限、次级断层分布不连续和断距沿延伸方向不断增大等因素的制约, 次级断层对缩短增量造成的影响可能被低估, 计算结果应为缩短量的最小值. 2)次级断层增加的陡坎高度与断层的断距、倾角具有怎样的定量关系? 3)若次级断层只发育于活动枢纽带内, 又会产生怎样的影响?这些问题还需更多的研究实例来进行更加深入的研究.

关键词: 褶皱相关断层, 褶皱陡坎, 地壳缩短, 东秋里塔格背斜

Abstract:

Fold-accommodation faults, secondary faults subordinated to the principal fold, are of much significance to accommodate strain variation in different parts of the rock during the evolution of folding. They are generally found in groups. And each of them has limited displacement and does not connect with the main detachment. After the geological survey in the East Qiulitage anticline zone, we find that the secondary faults accompanying fold scarps in this area are out-of-syncline thrusts and also give an instance of secondary faults occurring later than the folding. The fact that the secondary faults in fold scarps force the hanging wall to move upward relative to the footwall not only makes the terrace tilting and increases the slope of fold scarps, but also affects the authenticity in calculating regional shortening increment. The theoretical results show that if we do not consider the increased fold scarps height influenced by the secondary faults, the shortening increment is 51.42m. Otherwise, the value will be 45.23m and the difference between them is 6.19m. Because the deviation is 13.7% of the total shortening increment, the contributions of fold-accommodation faults to the calculation should not be ignored. The fold scarps in the northern and southern flanks of the East Qiultiage anticline depend on same bedrock type and formation mechanism. But three levels of fold scarps were found in the cross section of less than 300 meters in horizontal distance. This fact indicates that the active kink band of northern part is more closed because of higher compressive stress and faster lifting, which produce a large number of secondary faults in the fold scarps only in the northern flank. Therefore, the study of secondary faults is of significance in understanding of regional tectonic evolution and interaction between folds and faults. But there still exist many problems: 1)Limited by the observing scope, discontinuous distribution of secondary faults and variations of displacement along fault, we may underestimate the influence of secondary faults and the theoretical result should be the minimum. 2)What is the quantitative relationship among the increased height of fold scarps, the transfer slip and the dip of secondary faults?3)If secondary faults only grow in active kink band, how will they affect fold scarp?More examples of fold-accommodation faults are needed for further research.

Key words: fold-accommodation fault, fold scarp, shortening, East Qilitage anticline

中图分类号:

P315.2

张玲, 杨晓平, 黄伟亮, 李胜强. 褶皱陡坎中相关断层在缩短量计算中的作用——以东秋里塔格背斜为例[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(3): 697-708.

ZHANG Ling, YANG Xiao-ping, HUANG Wei-liang, LI Sheng-qiang. CONTRIBUTIONS OF FOLD-ACCOMMODATION FAULTS IN FOLD SCARPS TO THE CALCULATION OF SHORTENING INCREMENT: A CASE STUDY FROM QIULITAGE ANTICLINE (SOUTHERN TIAN SHAN, CHINA)[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2015, 37(3): 697-708.

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