福建晋江市前港湖、龙湖等四湖泊的成因机理

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对前港湖、龙湖、虺湖、丙州湖的地理环境进行了实地考察,对钻孔和钻孔岩心沉积相及微体古生物进行了分析,对¹⁴C样品进行了年代测定,特别是通过对龙湖湖内和沿岸共78个钻孔岩心的分析,揭示了龙湖及沿岸残坡积层和晚更新世以来的沉积层展布,进而得到了龙湖成湖前的凹陷和发育在凹陷内的古河流环境,最终推断这4个湖泊为全新世晚期地震断塞湖。主要理由是:这4个湖沿衙口-州隐伏断裂(控制深沪湾地堑NW侧边界的断裂)呈线状展布,都为淡水湖;都发育在晚更新统含砾砂黏土及残坡积层构成的凹陷内,成湖前凹陷内有古河流;已发现龙湖湖盆SE近隐伏断裂处的下游古河床被抬高,且高出上游河床3m以上;前港湖、龙湖的最早成湖年龄都为距今2.4ka左右,这个年龄处于全新世晚期的强古地震发生的可能时间区间内,该地震同时导致了深沪湾海底古森林更深沉没于海底;都存在湖坝和可能的地震沉积相。推断上述湖泊是在该古地震时衙口-丙州断裂NW侧地块翘起掀升堵塞河流形成的地震断塞湖。湖泊形成后,当地盛行的风沙在湖坝处的加积和在地堑内的填积,导致湖坝变宽増高并和地堑沉积连成大致等高的一体,阻挡了湖水的外流,这是使湖泊继续发育并留存至今的重要原因。

关键词: 凹陷槽地, 古河流, 翘起掀升, 古地震, 地震断塞湖, 晚全新世, 风成砂

Abstract:

On the basis of field investigation of the Qiangang Lake, Longhu Lake, Huihu Lake, and Bingzhou Lake in Jinjiang City of Fujian Province, and analysis of sedimentary facies and micro-palaeontology of drill cores, especially the analysis of the cores from 78 bore holes in Longhu Lake and along its banks, the distribution of eluvial-deluvial formations and late Pleistocene sediments was obtained, then, the environment of the depression and the palaeo-river developed in the depression before the formation of the lakes was analyzed, and finally, the four above-mentioned lakes were inferred to be earthquake-dammed lakes formed in late Holocene. The evidences are as follows: 1)The four lakes spread linearly along the hidden Yakou-bingzhou fault (which controls the northwest boundary of Shenhuwan graben. 2)All are fresh water lakes developed in the depression consisting of Epipleistocene gravel-bearing sandy clay and eluvial-deluvial deposits; paleo-rivers are found existing in the depression before the formation of the lakes. 3)The bottom of the paleo-river channel in the lower reaches is about 3 meters higher than that in the upper reaches in the Longhu Lake depression. 4)The earliest age of lake facies deposits of Qiangang Lake and Lonhu Lake is about 2.4ka BP by ¹⁴C dating of drilling cores, and it is inferred that the two lakes were formed in about 2400a BP, an age being possibly in the time range of the late Holocene strong paleo-earthquake that caused the paleo-forest to be buried more deeply on the sea floor of Shenhuwan Bay. The above lakes are inferred to be earthquake-dammed lakes resulting from the titling and upwarping of the northwest block of Yakou-bingzhou fault in this earthquake, which blocked the rivers and created the lakes. The dams were widened and elevated due to aggradation at the lake dams and filling in the graben after the formation of the lakes, and connected the graben deposits into one mass of roughly the same height, thus, damming the outflow of the lakes. This is an important reason for the lakes to develop continuously and remain up to now.

Key words: depression, paleo-river, tilting and upwarping, paleo-earthquake, earthquake-dammed lake, late Holocene, aeolian sand

中图分类号:

P315.2

徐起浩, 施建生. 福建晋江市前港湖、龙湖等四湖泊的成因机理[J]. 地震地质, 2012, 34(1): 110-128.

XU Qi-hao, SHI Jian-sheng. THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF THE LAKES IN JINJIANG CITY, FUJIAN PROVINCE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2012, 34(1): 110-128.

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