中国泥火山的主要分布及研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2025.01.007

地震地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 90-116.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2025.01.007

中国泥火山的主要分布及研究进展

汪倩¹⁾(), 彭莱¹^,²⁾, 蒋雨函¹⁾, 周启超¹^,²⁾, 高小其¹⁾^,^*()

¹⁾ 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院, 地壳动力学重点实验室, 北京 100085
²⁾ 中国科学院大学, 应急管理科学与工程学院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-01-24 修回日期:2024-04-13 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-04-09
通讯作者: 高小其
作者简介:
汪倩, 女, 1998年生, 2025年于应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院所获地球物理学专业硕士学位, 主要从事地下流体和地球化学研究工作, E-mail: wang_qian98@163.com。
基金资助:
中国地震局地质研究所国家野外科学观测研究站研究项目(NORSCBS21-02); 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1509203); 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务专项(ZDJ2021-11); 河北红山野外站科研专项(DZ2021110800001)

THE DISTRIBUTION AND RESEARCH PROGRESS OF MAIN MUD VOLCANOES IN CHINA

WANG Qian¹⁾(), PENG Lai¹^,²⁾, JIANG Yu-han¹⁾, ZHOU Qi-chao¹^,²⁾, GAO Xiao-qi¹⁾^,^*()

¹⁾ Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics, National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China
²⁾ School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-01-24 Revised:2024-04-13 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-04-09
Contact: GAO Xiao-qi

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 文中在系统介绍中国泥火山主要分布及研究进展的基础上, 对不同地区泥火山喷出物的物理和地球化学特征进行了分析。结果表明, 中国泥火山均沿断层或断裂带分布, 主要分布在新疆、西藏和台湾地区, 且各地区泥火山的固体喷出物矿物组分相似(如石英); 液体喷出物含盐度高, 对其进行地球化学分析发现, 泥浆水分别来自于古沉积物孔隙水、深层地下水和海洋沉积孔隙水与大气降水的混合, 分析泥火山泥浆水的来源有助于了解流体上移过程发生的改造作用; 大部分泥火山喷出气体以甲烷为主, 根据碳同位素特征可知, 泥火山喷出气体中CH₄均为有机成因。现有研究结论表明, 地震发生前后泥火山会出现明显异常现象, 对泥火山的长期监测可作为地震预测的依据。

关键词: 泥火山, 地球化学, 地震监测, 地震预测, 同位素地球化学

Abstract:

This paper provides an overview of the distribution and research progress of mud volcanoes in China, and offers a comparative analysis of the physical and geochemical characteristics of mud volcano emissions from various regions. The findings are as follows:

Mud volcanoes in China are predominantly located along faults or fault zones, primarily in seismically active regions such as Xinjiang, Tibet, and Taiwan. A comparative analysis of emissions from different regions reveals that the solid components—primarily minerals like quartz and montmorillonite—are similar across locations. The liquid emissions generally exhibit high salinity. Geochemical analysis indicates regional differences in the sources of the emitted mud water: in Xinjiang, it mainly derives from a mixture of ancient sediment pore water and atmospheric precipitation; in Tibet, it originates from deep groundwater and atmospheric precipitation; and in Taiwan, it comes from marine sediment pore water mixed with atmospheric precipitation.

In terms of gas emissions, methane is the predominant gas released by most mud volcanoes in the study area, with smaller amounts of ethane, carbon dioxide, and other hydrocarbons. Notably, some mud volcanoes in Taiwan region emit higher concentrations of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, with smaller amounts of methane. Carbon isotope analysis of the emitted gases shows that the methane is of organic origin, as indicated by δ13C1 values.

In addition to the geochemical analysis, the microbial communities associated with mud volcanoes are also significant. The origin of methane suggests the presence of methane-producing microbial communities in the surrounding environments of onshore mud volcanoes. These microbes, including aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea, play a role in the formation of the emitted gases. In particular, these microorganisms are found in the soil environments of mud volcanoes in eastern Taiwan region, Wusu(Xinjiang), and Dushanzi(Xinjiang), where they use carbon dioxide as a carbon source to produce methane. In submarine mud volcanoes, the eruption process provides conditions for the growth of marine microorganisms, including methane-producing bacteria.

Mud volcanoes are generally triggered by four main factors: volcanic activity, tectonic activity, sedimentary processes, and anthropogenic influences. Given their prevalence in seismically active zones, the activity of mud volcanoes is often induced by seismic events. Eruptions typically result from increased pore pressure within the surrounding rock layers. Significant physical and chemical anomalies, including elevated gas emissions and changes in the height of the mud surface, are observed before and after seismic events. For example, following the establishment of a real-time monitoring system for the Wusu mud volcano in Xinjiang in 2011, multiple earthquakes in the area were associated with changes in the mud volcano's liquid level and increased emissions of methane(CH₄)and carbon dioxide(CO₂), which gradually returned to background levels post-earthquake. These geochemical changes have been observed in other regions as well, such as the hydro geochemical changes in the north Tianshan Mountains, following the Xinyuan M_S6.6 earthquake.

These observations suggest that mud volcano emissions may serve as indicators of seismic activity. Long-term monitoring of mud volcanoes could potentially offer a means of predicting seismic events.

Key words: Mud volcanoes, geochemistry, seismic monitoring, earthquake prediction, isotope geochemistry

汪倩, 彭莱, 蒋雨函, 周启超, 高小其. 中国泥火山的主要分布及研究进展[J]. 地震地质, 2025, 47(1): 90-116.

WANG Qian, PENG Lai, JIANG Yu-han, ZHOU Qi-chao, GAO Xiao-qi. THE DISTRIBUTION AND RESEARCH PROGRESS OF MAIN MUD VOLCANOES IN CHINA[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(1): 90-116.

图/表 17

图1 全球泥火山分布(据Milkov, 2000)

Fig. 1 Global distribution of mud volcanoes(After Milkov, 2000).

图2 准噶尔盆地南缘区域地质图(据田孝茹等, 2017)

Fig. 2 Regional geological map of the southern margin of the Junggar Basin(After TIAN Xiao-ru et al., 2017).

图3 新疆北天山地区泥火山 a 乌苏市艾其沟泥火山; b 独山子泥火山; c 温泉县泥火山; d 乌苏市白杨沟泥火山

Fig. 3 Mud volcanoes in the north Tianshan region of Xinjiang.

图4 台湾地区泥火山分布(据蒋雨函等(2020))

Fig. 4 Distribution of mud volcanoes in Taiwan region(After JIANG Yu-han et al., 2020).

图5 羌塘盆地区域位置(据颜泽等, 2018)

Fig. 5 Regional location of the Qiangtang Basin(After YAN Ze et al., 2018).

表1 新疆准噶尔地区泥火山喷出泥浆水及附近河流水化学参数(Ma et al., 2022; 马勇等, 2022)

Table1 Chemical parameters of mud water ejected from mud volcanoes and nearby rivers in the Junggar region of Xinjiang(After Ma et al., 2022; MA Yong et al., 2022)

采样点	pH	阳离子浓度/mmol·L^-1				阴离子浓度/mmol·L^-1
采样点	pH	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	N $O 3 -$
艾其沟泥火山	7.2~7.6	46.3~98.1	0.18~1.94	1.82~4.16	0.43~1.77	16.8~36.8	0.09~0.51	未检出	0.7
安集海泥火山	7.7~8.1	156.0~261.2	0.12~1.70	3.28~6.75	0.61~1.70	119.5~198.4	0.43~1.4	未检出	1.60
独山子泥火山	7.9~8.5	161.5~235.8	0.09~1.82	2.97~4.17	0.77~2.15	207.4~315.3	0.49~1.75	未检出	0.01~0.68
白杨沟泥火山	8.3~9.5	64.1~263.1	0.01~2.83	0.14~0.69	0.09~0.61	49.3~196.7	0.32~2.68	21.8~80.0	0.01~0.68
白杨沟附近河水	8.0	6.62	0.60	1.46	3.51	4.67	2.64	9.2	1.23

表1 新疆准噶尔地区泥火山喷出泥浆水及附近河流水化学参数(Ma et al., 2022; 马勇等, 2022)

Table1 Chemical parameters of mud water ejected from mud volcanoes and nearby rivers in the Junggar region of Xinjiang(After Ma et al., 2022; MA Yong et al., 2022)

采样点	pH	阳离子浓度/mmol·L^-1				阴离子浓度/mmol·L^-1
采样点	pH	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	N $O 3 -$
艾其沟泥火山	7.2~7.6	46.3~98.1	0.18~1.94	1.82~4.16	0.43~1.77	16.8~36.8	0.09~0.51	未检出	0.7
安集海泥火山	7.7~8.1	156.0~261.2	0.12~1.70	3.28~6.75	0.61~1.70	119.5~198.4	0.43~1.4	未检出	1.60
独山子泥火山	7.9~8.5	161.5~235.8	0.09~1.82	2.97~4.17	0.77~2.15	207.4~315.3	0.49~1.75	未检出	0.01~0.68
白杨沟泥火山	8.3~9.5	64.1~263.1	0.01~2.83	0.14~0.69	0.09~0.61	49.3~196.7	0.32~2.68	21.8~80.0	0.01~0.68
白杨沟附近河水	8.0	6.62	0.60	1.46	3.51	4.67	2.64	9.2	1.23

图6 准噶尔地区泥浆水的氢氧同位素组成(Ma et al., 2022)

Fig. 6 Isotopic composition of hydrogen and oxygen in mud water in the Junggar region(After Ma et al., 2022).

表2 台湾地区泥火山流体的地球化学组成和氢氧稳定同位素特征(Chao et al., 2013)

Table2 Geochemical composition and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics of mud volcanic fluids in Taiwan region(After Chao et al., 2013)

断裂带	样品编号	流体地球化学组成/mmol·L^-1						δD /‰	δ¹⁸O /‰	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁸Sr) /‰
断裂带	样品编号	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	δD /‰	δ¹⁸O /‰	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁸Sr) /‰
触口断裂带	中仑1号	135.6	0.41	223.5	1.90	3.06	2.21	-38.43	-3.7	0.7101
	中仑2号	261.5	0.20	388.3	1.19	7.49	1.23	-34.03	0.18	0.7113
	中仑3号	167.1	0.28	263.6	1.38	4.14	3.02	-32.1	-0.7	0.7105
	关子岭	79.9	0.23	171.5	0.16	3.82	0.32	-17.85	5.15	0.7108
旗山断裂带	新养女湖1号	122.7	0.14	150.7	0.29	0.79	0.34	-16.9	5.77	0.7108
	新养女湖2号	110.3	0.03	140.7	0.21	0.71	0.26	-17.6	6.23	0.7108
	新养女湖3号	111.3	0.15	143.7	0.43	0.70	0.43	-15.7	6.03	0.7107
古亭坑断裂带	盐水坑	436		431.3	2.41	1.86	4.04	-8.88	0.65	0.7106
	月世界	313		312.3	1.08	1.21	1.62	-12.73	1.47	0.7100
	小滚水	364.7		372.7	0.76	1.60	2.18	-11.97	0.06	0.7102
	滚水坪	331		341.3	0.92	1.87	2.08	-10.9	1.27	0.7106
纵谷断裂带	罗山1号	227.5		123.0	47.8	0.51	0.42	-1.7	-0.6	0.7068
	罗山2号	214		116.5	44.9	0.53	0.51	-1.3	-0.4	0.7069
	雷公火	357		146.5	92.6	1.02	3.38	-1.6	-1.2	0.7083

表2 台湾地区泥火山流体的地球化学组成和氢氧稳定同位素特征(Chao et al., 2013)

Table2 Geochemical composition and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics of mud volcanic fluids in Taiwan region(After Chao et al., 2013)

断裂带	样品编号	流体地球化学组成/mmol·L^-1						δD /‰	δ¹⁸O /‰	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁸Sr) /‰
断裂带	样品编号	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	δD /‰	δ¹⁸O /‰	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁸Sr) /‰
触口断裂带	中仑1号	135.6	0.41	223.5	1.90	3.06	2.21	-38.43	-3.7	0.7101
	中仑2号	261.5	0.20	388.3	1.19	7.49	1.23	-34.03	0.18	0.7113
	中仑3号	167.1	0.28	263.6	1.38	4.14	3.02	-32.1	-0.7	0.7105
	关子岭	79.9	0.23	171.5	0.16	3.82	0.32	-17.85	5.15	0.7108
旗山断裂带	新养女湖1号	122.7	0.14	150.7	0.29	0.79	0.34	-16.9	5.77	0.7108
	新养女湖2号	110.3	0.03	140.7	0.21	0.71	0.26	-17.6	6.23	0.7108
	新养女湖3号	111.3	0.15	143.7	0.43	0.70	0.43	-15.7	6.03	0.7107
古亭坑断裂带	盐水坑	436		431.3	2.41	1.86	4.04	-8.88	0.65	0.7106
	月世界	313		312.3	1.08	1.21	1.62	-12.73	1.47	0.7100
	小滚水	364.7		372.7	0.76	1.60	2.18	-11.97	0.06	0.7102
	滚水坪	331		341.3	0.92	1.87	2.08	-10.9	1.27	0.7106
纵谷断裂带	罗山1号	227.5		123.0	47.8	0.51	0.42	-1.7	-0.6	0.7068
	罗山2号	214		116.5	44.9	0.53	0.51	-1.3	-0.4	0.7069
	雷公火	357		146.5	92.6	1.02	3.38	-1.6	-1.2	0.7083

表3 新养女湖泥火山4个采样点喷出流体的地球化学组成及含量(马晓理等, 2017)

Table3 Geochemical composition and content of fluids ejected from four vents of the Xinyangnuhu mud volcano(After MA Xiao-li et al., 2017)

样品编号	离子含量/mmol·L^-1						δ¹⁸O /‰	δD /‰
样品编号	Cl^-	Na⁺	N $H 4 +$	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	δ¹⁸O /‰	δD /‰
SYNH01-1	123.8	165.6	0.38	0.72	0.477	0.123	6.54	-23.72
SYNH01-2	114.7	155.6	0.33	0.77	0.428	0.160	6.34	-22.68
SYNH01-3	125.6	170.6	0.42	0.92	0.449	0.171	6.59	-23.52
SYNH01-4	125.7	167.1	0.40	0.79	0.424	0.125	6.56	-21.44
SYNH01-5	108.4	144.86	0.40	0.68	0.397	0.134	6.59	-23.33
SYNH01-6	110.1	150.5	0.32	0.70	0.409	0.114	6.45	-22.99
SYNH01-7	124.3	167.6	0.47	0.88	0.481	0.174	6.28	-21.35
SYNH02-2	216.1	289.1	0.32	1.34	1.230	0.389	5.58	0.4
SYNH03-1	129.3	176.5	0.33	0.81	0.531	0.151	6.24	-12.90
SYNH03-2	198.1	254.5	0.49	1.10	0.621	0.127	7.01	-7.45
SYNH04-1	107.8	135.9	0.45	0.64	0.361	0.205	6.29	-21.20
SYNH04-2	150.1	186.6	0.30	0.84	0.634	0.280	6.78	-9.88

表3 新养女湖泥火山4个采样点喷出流体的地球化学组成及含量(马晓理等, 2017)

Table3 Geochemical composition and content of fluids ejected from four vents of the Xinyangnuhu mud volcano(After MA Xiao-li et al., 2017)

样品编号	离子含量/mmol·L^-1						δ¹⁸O /‰	δD /‰
样品编号	Cl^-	Na⁺	N $H 4 +$	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	δ¹⁸O /‰	δD /‰
SYNH01-1	123.8	165.6	0.38	0.72	0.477	0.123	6.54	-23.72
SYNH01-2	114.7	155.6	0.33	0.77	0.428	0.160	6.34	-22.68
SYNH01-3	125.6	170.6	0.42	0.92	0.449	0.171	6.59	-23.52
SYNH01-4	125.7	167.1	0.40	0.79	0.424	0.125	6.56	-21.44
SYNH01-5	108.4	144.86	0.40	0.68	0.397	0.134	6.59	-23.33
SYNH01-6	110.1	150.5	0.32	0.70	0.409	0.114	6.45	-22.99
SYNH01-7	124.3	167.6	0.47	0.88	0.481	0.174	6.28	-21.35
SYNH02-2	216.1	289.1	0.32	1.34	1.230	0.389	5.58	0.4
SYNH03-1	129.3	176.5	0.33	0.81	0.531	0.151	6.24	-12.90
SYNH03-2	198.1	254.5	0.49	1.10	0.621	0.127	7.01	-7.45
SYNH04-1	107.8	135.9	0.45	0.64	0.361	0.205	6.29	-21.20
SYNH04-2	150.1	186.6	0.30	0.84	0.634	0.280	6.78	-9.88

表4 唢呐湖地区泥火山喷发液及周围水样和苟纠麦孕沟泥火山喷发液的地球化学特征与氢氧稳定同位素特征(胡东生等, 1998; 颜泽等, 2018)

Table4 Geochemical characteristics and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics of the mud volcanic eruption fluid and surrounding water samples from both the Suona lake area and Goujiumaiyun trench area (After HU Dong-sheng et al., 1998; YAN Ze et al., 2018)

采样点编号	阳离子含量/mg·L^-1				阴离子含量/mg·L^-1			氢氧稳定同位素/‰
采样点编号	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	δD	δ¹⁸O
唢呐湖1号	833	92.8	13.5	127	93.3	56.3	未检出	-79.7	-9.3
唢呐湖2号	1009	104	8.7	100	258	92.1	未检出	-92	-10.5
唢呐湖3号	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出
唢呐湖4号	412	25.4	3.83	4.94	168	86.7	未检出	-75.2	-7.5
唢呐湖5号	465	18.2	1.73	3.42	227	9	未检出	-81.3	-8
泥火山湖水	7059~29106	259~992	184~430	94.3~未检出	8534~38444	1810~7102	2465~5704	-63.5~-34.2	-3.8~2.2
周围水样	3413~10250	137~389	46.2~255	208~257	4157~13105	944~2645	2060~2171	-120.4~-24.2	-13.1~2.3
苟纠麦孕沟泥火山	29.0	35.0		282.24	4118.8	539.63	1470.8		-8.74

表4 唢呐湖地区泥火山喷发液及周围水样和苟纠麦孕沟泥火山喷发液的地球化学特征与氢氧稳定同位素特征(胡东生等, 1998; 颜泽等, 2018)

采样点编号	阳离子含量/mg·L^-1				阴离子含量/mg·L^-1			氢氧稳定同位素/‰
采样点编号	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	δD	δ¹⁸O
唢呐湖1号	833	92.8	13.5	127	93.3	56.3	未检出	-79.7	-9.3
唢呐湖2号	1009	104	8.7	100	258	92.1	未检出	-92	-10.5
唢呐湖3号	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出
唢呐湖4号	412	25.4	3.83	4.94	168	86.7	未检出	-75.2	-7.5
唢呐湖5号	465	18.2	1.73	3.42	227	9	未检出	-81.3	-8
泥火山湖水	7059~29106	259~992	184~430	94.3~未检出	8534~38444	1810~7102	2465~5704	-63.5~-34.2	-3.8~2.2
周围水样	3413~10250	137~389	46.2~255	208~257	4157~13105	944~2645	2060~2171	-120.4~-24.2	-13.1~2.3
苟纠麦孕沟泥火山	29.0	35.0		282.24	4118.8	539.63	1470.8		-8.74

表5 准噶尔南部泥火山排放气体组成及碳同位素组成分析(Ma et al., 2022)

Table5 The composition and carbon isotope characteristics of gas emitted from mud volcanoes in the southern part of Junggar(After Ma et al., 2022)

采样点	泥火山喷出气体组成/%					δ¹³C/‰
	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	CO₂	N₂	CH₄	C₂H₆	CO₂
白杨沟泥火山	85.3~88.9	2.25~4.98	0~0.02	0.29~0.63	8.07~9.31	-45.8~-45.0	-23.9~-20.6	22.9~30.6
艾其沟泥火山	71.9~77.7	4.44~5.38	0.01~0.04	14.5~19.6	2.14~3.26	-43.9~-40.9	-27.3~-26.0	30.07
独山子泥火山	86.0~88.7	5.21~5.68	0.19~0.83	0.06~2.10	3.11~5.75	-44.1~-39.0	-28.4~-25.0	13.6~20.7
安集海泥火山	79.2~86.6	4.93~5.52	0~0.02	5.80~9.20	1.56~5.85	-45.8~-45.0	-23.1~-22.2	27~33.7

表6 西藏羌塘盆地泥火山逸出水溶性气体含量及碳同位素值(颜泽等, 2018)

Table6 Water soluble gas content and carbon isotope values from mud volcanoes in Qiangtang Basin, Tibet(After YAN Ze et al., 2018)

采样点	水溶性烃类气体含量/μL·kg^-1			δ¹³C/‰
采样点	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	CH₄	C₂H₆
唢呐湖1号	1194	86.3	35.3	-46.1	-29.1
唢呐湖2号	684	36	13	-47.2
唢呐湖3号	2279	471	218	-46.0	-30.6
唢呐湖4号	594	37.9	14	-46.6	-28.1
唢呐湖5号	459	27.1	10.5	-46.9

表7 台湾地区部分泥火山喷出气体含量及地球化学特征(Yang et al., 2004)

Table7 Gas content and geochemical characteristics of some mud volcanoes in Taiwan region(After Yang et al., 2004)

采样编号	天然气组成/%				(C₂H₆+Ar) /%	空气校正成分/%
采样编号	CH₄	N₂	O₂	CO₂	(C₂H₆+Ar) /%	CH₄	N₂	CO₂
中仑1号	12.17	5.26	0.27	81.71	0.55	12.33	4.34	82.78
中仑2号	8.63	3.54	0.10	87.24	0.51	8.67	3.2	87.62
关子岭1号	4.26	4.18	0.99	90.53		4.47	0.55	94.98
关子岭2号	73.53	3.88	0.73	21.80		76.11	1.20	22.67
水火同源	92.06	5.55	0.59	1.76		94.71	3.46	1.81
小滚水	93.99	4.20	0.84	0.89	0.1	97.90	1.10	0.90
新养女湖1号	93.20	2.94	0.62	1.41	1.87	96.01	0.66	1.46
新养女湖2号	91.01	3.31	0.78	1.23	2.4	95.52	0.69	1.39
乌山顶泥火山	97.13	1.88	0.43	0.49	0.07	99.16	0.28	0.49
燕巢	95.41	2.92	0.65	0.99	0.01	98.44	0.53	1.02
滚水坪	92.60	2.61	0.60	3.78	0.39	95.33	0.39	3.89
恒春地火	83.36	9.83	2.27	0.33	4.09	93.47	1.55	0.36
罗山1号	91.20	7.76	0.53	0.07	0.44	93.56	5.93	0.07
罗山2号	89.39	9.29	0.70	0.03	0.59	92.47	6.91	0.03
雷公火泥火山	94.83	3.83	0.74	0.16	0.43	98.30	1.11	0.16

表8 台湾部分泥火山逸出气体及碳同位素分析(据Chao等(2010)整理)

Table8 Gas and carbon isotope analysis of some mud volcanoes in Taiwan region(After Chao et al., 2010)

断裂带	样品编号	气体成分/%					CH₄/‰
断裂带	样品编号	Air	CH₄	CO₂	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	$δ 13 C 1$
触口断层	中仑泥火山	5.40~8.10	9.31~36.90	57.29~84.63	0.07~0.43		-35.14~-33.68
古亭坑断裂带	盐水坑	4.94	90.52	4.47	0.08
	小滚水	1.25	97.50	1.22	0.04		-60.22
	月世界	1.47~1.55	97.43~97.49	0.96~1.00	0.04		-56.16
	滚水坪	1.79	93.81	4.23	0.17
旗山断裂带	乌山顶泥火山	1.66~1.70	97.55~97.76	0.58~0.75			-35.46
	新养女湖泥火山	1.50~2.23	91.94~95.30	1.21~2.61	1.61~2.53	0.45~0.72	-35.65
纵谷断裂带	雷公火泥火山	3.93	95.73	0.19	0.14		-50.30
	罗山泥火山	9.71~52.55	47.28~90.16	0.06~0.14			-35.13~-34.39

表8 台湾部分泥火山逸出气体及碳同位素分析(据Chao等(2010)整理)

Table8 Gas and carbon isotope analysis of some mud volcanoes in Taiwan region(After Chao et al., 2010)

断裂带	样品编号	气体成分/%					CH₄/‰
断裂带	样品编号	Air	CH₄	CO₂	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	$δ 13 C 1$
触口断层	中仑泥火山	5.40~8.10	9.31~36.90	57.29~84.63	0.07~0.43		-35.14~-33.68
古亭坑断裂带	盐水坑	4.94	90.52	4.47	0.08
	小滚水	1.25	97.50	1.22	0.04		-60.22
	月世界	1.47~1.55	97.43~97.49	0.96~1.00	0.04		-56.16
	滚水坪	1.79	93.81	4.23	0.17
旗山断裂带	乌山顶泥火山	1.66~1.70	97.55~97.76	0.58~0.75			-35.46
	新养女湖泥火山	1.50~2.23	91.94~95.30	1.21~2.61	1.61~2.53	0.45~0.72	-35.65
纵谷断裂带	雷公火泥火山	3.93	95.73	0.19	0.14		-50.30
	罗山泥火山	9.71~52.55	47.28~90.16	0.06~0.14			-35.13~-34.39

图7 地震前后泥火山变化(陈志等, 2014) a 地震前(2012年6月27日)的照片; b 地震后(2012年7月2日)的照片

Fig. 7 Changes in mud volcanoes before and after earthquakes(After CHEN Zhi et al., 2014).

图8 4次地震前后艾其沟泥火山监测点液面变化示意图(梁卉等, 2018) a 新疆尼勒克 MS6.0 地震前后2号监测点示意图; b 新疆新源 MS6.6 地震前后2号监测点示意图; c 新疆呼图壁 MS6.2 地震前后1号监测点示意图; d 新疆呼图壁 MS6.2 地震前后2号监测点示意图

Fig. 8 Plots of liquid level changes of Aiqigou mud volcano before and after the four earthquakes(After LIANG Hui et al., 2018).

图9 新疆精河 MS6.6 地震前后监测点泥火山液面变化示意图 a 乌苏艾其沟1号监测点; b 乌苏艾其沟2号监测点

Fig. 9 Plots of changes in mud volcano liquid level before and after the Jinghe MS6.6 earthquake in Xinjiang.

参考文献 76

[1]	陈秉范. 1946. 四川盆地式泥火山的发现[J]. 地质论评, 11(S1): 65—70.
	CHEN Bing-fan. 1946. Discovery of Sichuan Basin style mud volcanoes[J]. Geological Review, 11(S1): 65—70 (in Chinese).
[2]	陈胜红, 贺振华, 何家雄, 等. 2009. 南海东北部边缘台西南盆地泥火山特征及其与油气运聚关系[J]. 天然气地球科学, 20(6): 872—878.
	CHEN Sheng-hong, HE Zhen-hua, HE Jia-xiong, et al. 2009. The characters of the mud volcanoes in the North-east Marginal of the South China Sea and the Relationship with the Accumulation and Migration of Oil and Gas[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 20(6): 872—878 (in Chinese).
[3]	陈志, 杜建国, 周晓成, 等. 2014. 2012年6月30日新源 M_S6.6 地震前后北天山泥火山及温泉的水化学变化[J]. 地震, 34(3): 97—107.
	CHEN Zhi, DU Jian-guo, ZHOU Xiao-cheng, et al. 2014. Hydrochemical changes of mud volcanoes and springs in the North Tianshan related to June 30, 2012, Xinyuan M_S6.6 earthquake[J]. Earthquake, 34(3): 97—107 (in Chinese).
[4]	陈志, 李营, 汪成国, 等. 2015. 新疆温泉县泥火山喷发水的化学特征研究[J]. 四川地震, (2): 12—15.
	CHEN Zhi, LI Ying, WANG Cheng-guo, et al. 2015. Geochemical characteristics of water from mud volcano in the Wenquan County, Xinjiang[J]. Sichuan Earthquake, (2): 12—15 (in Chinese).
[5]	戴金星, 吴小奇, 倪云燕, 等. 2012. 准噶尔盆地南缘泥火山天然气的地球化学特征[J]. 中国科学(地球科学), 42(2): 178—180.
	DAI Jin-xing, WU Xiao-qi, NI Yun-yan, et al. 2012. Geochemical characteristics of natural gas from mud volcanoes in the southern Junggar Basin.[J]. Scientia Sinica(Terrae), 42(2): 178—180 (in Chinese).
[6]	杜建国, 周晓成, 陈志, 等. 2013. 北天山泥火山对2012年6月30日新源-和静 M_S6.6 地震的响应[J]. 地震学报, 35(6): 876—887, 938.
	DU Jian-guo, ZHOU Xiao-cheng, CHEN Zhi, et al. 2013. Response of mud volcanoes in the north Tianshan to the 30 June 2012 Xinyuan-Hejing M_S6.6 earthquake[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 35(6): 876—887, 938 (in Chinese).
[7]	冯兴雷, 付修根, 谭富文, 等. 2015. 羌塘盆地戈木错地区泥火山群沉积及浅表地球化学特征[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质, 35(1): 50—56.
	FENG Xing-lei, FU Xiu-gen, TAN Fu-wen, et al. 2015. Sedimentary and geochemical characteristics of the mud volcanoes in the Gemucuo Lake area, Qiangtang Basin, northern Xizang[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 35(1): 50—56 (in Chinese).
[8]	高小其, 梁卉, 王海涛, 等. 2015. 北天山地区泥火山的地球化学成因[J]. 地震地质, 37(4): 1215—1224. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2015.04.021.
	GAO Xiao-qi, LIANG Hui, WANG Hai-tao, et al. 2015. origin of the mud volcano in northern Tianshan constrained by Geochemical investigation[J]. Seismology and Geology, 37(4): 1215—1224 (in Chinese).
[9]	高小其, 刘耀炜, 陈华静, 等. 2019. 我国地震地球化学的未来发展方向从泥火山地震宏观异常谈起[J]. 国际地震动态, (8): 131—133.
	GAO Xiao-qi, LIU Yao-wei, CHEN Hua-jing, et al. 2019. Future development direction of earthquake geochemistry in China-Starting from macroscopic anomalies of mud volcano earthquakes[J]. Recent Developments in World Seismology, (8): 131—133 (in Chinese).
[10]	高小其, 王海涛, 高国英, 等. 2008. 霍尔果斯泥火山活动与新疆地区中强以上地震活动关系的初步研究[J]. 地震地质, 30(2): 464—472.
	GAO Xiao-qi, WANG Hai-tao, GAO Guo-ying, et al. 2008. Preliminary research on the relation between activity of Horgos mud volcanoes and mid-strong earthquakes in Xinjiang[J]. Seismology and Geology, 30(2): 464—472 (in Chinese).
[11]	何家雄, 崔洁, 翁荣南, 等. 2012. 台湾南部泥火山与伴生气地质地球化学特征及其油气地质意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 23(2): 319—326.
	HE Jia-xiong, CUI Jie, WENG Rong-nan, et al. 2012. Geology of mud volcanoes and geochemistry of associated gas in southern Taiwan and its significance to petroleum geology[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 23(2): 319—326 (in Chinese).
[12]	何胜. 2012. 从地质构造浅谈准噶尔盆地的油气勘探方向[J]. 中国石油和化工标准与质量, 33(13): 173.
	HE Sheng. 2012. Discussion on oil and gas exploration direction in the Junggar basin from geological structure[J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality, 33(13): 173 (in Chinese).
[13]	胡东生, 张华京. 1998. 青藏高原可可西里地区玛章错钦湖畔苟纠麦尕沟的泥火山机理雏议[J]. 干旱区地理, 21(3): 13—18.
	HU Dong-sheng, ZHANG Hua-jing. 1998. A preliminary study on the mud volcanic mechanism of Goujiumaiga gully in Kekexili region, Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J]. Arid Land Geography, 21(3): 13—18 (in Chinese).
[14]	黄华谷, 邸鹏飞, 陈多福. 2011. 泥火山的全球分布和研究进展[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 30(2): 189—197.
	HUANG Hua-gu, DI Peng-fei, CHEN Duo-fu, et al. 2011. Global distribution and research progress of mud volcanoes[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 30(2): 189—197 (in Chinese).
[15]	黄华谷, 李牛, 王钦贤, 等. 2015. 新疆独山子泥火山沉积物及孔隙水的地球化学特征与流体来源[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 39(2): 325—333.
	HUANG Hua-gu, LI Niu, WANG Qin-xian, et al. 2015. Geochemical features and origins of pore fluids and sediments of the mud volcanoes in southern margin of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, northwestern China[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 39(2): 325—333 (in Chinese).
[16]	蒋雨函, 高小其, 王阳洋, 等. 2020. 中国新疆北天山和台湾南部陆地泥火山研究进展[J]. 地震, 40(3): 65—82.
	JIANG Yu-han, GAO Xiao-qi, WANG Yang-yang, et al. 2020. A review of researches on land mud volcanoes in northern Tianshan of Xinjiang and southern Taiwan, China[J]. Earthquake, 40(3): 65—82 (in Chinese).
[17]	李锰, 王道, 李茂伟, 等. 1996. 新疆独山子泥火山喷发特征的研究[J]. 内陆地震, 10(4): 359—362.
	LI Meng, WANG Dao, LI Mao-wei, et al. 1996. A research on eruption characteristics of Dushanzi mud volcano in Xinjiang[J]. Inland Earthquake, 10(4): 359—362 (in Chinese).
[18]	梁卉, 高小其, 向阳, 等. 2018. 新疆北天山艾其沟泥火山强震前显著喷涌现象及其变化机理分析[J]. 中国地震, 34(3): 534—544.
	LIANG Hui, GAO Xiao-qi, XIANG Yang, et al. 2018. Significant gushing phenomenon and its changing mechanism before the strong earthquake of Aiqigou mud volcano in the North Tianshan, Xinjiang[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 34(3): 534—544 (in Chinese).
[19]	刘耀炜, 施锦. 2000. 强震地下流体前兆信息特征[J]. 地震学报, 22(1): 102—107.
	LIU Yao-wei, SHI Jin. 2000. Characteristics of precursor information of underground fluids during strong earthquakes[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 22(1): 102—107 (in Chinese).
[20]	麻荣, 朱成英, 李新勇, 等. 2022. 新疆乌苏艾其沟泥火山气体排放通量及其前兆异常特征研究[J]. 内陆地震, 36(3): 218—226.
	MA Rong, ZHU Cheng-ying, LI Xin-yong, et al. 2022. Emission of Greenhouse gas flux and earthquake precursor of Aiqigou Mud Volcano in Wusu, Xinjiang[J]. Inland Earthquake, 36(3): 218—226 (in Chinese).
[21]	马晓理, 刘丽华, 魏雪芹, 等. 2017. 台湾新养女湖泥火山流体地球化学特征与流体来源[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 40(6): 71—81.
	MA Xiao-li, LIU Li-hua, WEI Xue-qin, et al. 2017. Geochemical characteristics and source of pore fluids of the mud volcanoes in Shin-yan-ny-hu, Taiwan, China[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 40(6): 71—81 (in Chinese).
[22]	马勇, 马向贤, 张力, 等. 2022. 准噶尔盆地南缘白杨沟泥火山群地质流体的地球化学特征[J]. 地球化学, 51(4): 492—502.
	MA Yong, MA Xiang-xian, ZHANG Li, et al. 2022. Geochemical characteristics of geofluids in the Baiyanggou mud volcano group in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin[J]. Geochimica, 51(4): 492—502 (in Chinese).
[23]	覃千山, 承磊, 张辉, 等. 2015. 新疆泥火山微生物群落[J]. 中国沼气, 33(3): 3—9.
	QIN Qian-shan, CHENG Lei, ZHANG Hui, et al. 2015. Microbial community of mud volcanoes in Xinjiang Province[J]. China Biogas, 33(3): 3—9 (in Chinese).
[24]	苏德辰, 李春旺, 孙爱萍, 等. 2017. 太行山北缘中元古界发现泥火山群[J]. 中国地质, 44(2): 399—400.
	SU De-chen, LI Chun-wang, SUN Ai-ping, et al. 2017. Mesoproterozoic mud volcanoes discovered in North Taihang Mountain: Preliminary results[J]. Geology in China, 44(2): 399—400 (in Chinese).
[25]	孙平安, 卞保力, 袁云峰, 等. 2015. 准噶尔盆地南缘天然气地球化学与成因研究[J]. 地球化学, 44(3): 275—288.
	SUN Ping-an, BIAN Bao-li, YUAN Yun-feng, et al. 2015. Natural gas in southern Junggar Basin in northwest China: Geochemistry and origin[J]. Geochimica, 44(3): 275—288 (in Chinese).
[26]	田孝茹, 卓勤功, 张健, 等. 2017. 准噶尔盆地南缘吐谷鲁群盖层评价及对下组合油气成藏的意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 38(2): 334—344.
	TIAN Xiao-ru, ZHUO Qin-gong, ZHANG Jian, et al. 2017. Sealing capacity of the Tugulu Group and its significance for hydrocarbon accumulation in the lower play in the southern Junggar Basin, northwest China[J]. Oil & Geology, 38(2): 334—344 (in Chinese).
[27]	王道. 2000. 新疆北天山地区泥火山与地震[J]. 内陆地震, 14(4): 350—353.
	WANG Dao. 2000. Mud volcanoes and earthquakes in North Tianshan, Xinjiang[J]. Inland Earthquake, 14(4): 350—353 (in Chinese).
[28]	王道, 李茂玮, 李锰, 等. 1997. 新疆独山子泥火山喷发的初步研究[J]. 地震地质, 19(1): 14—16.
	WANG Dao, LI Mao-wei, LI Meng, et al. 1997. A Preliminary study on the eruption of the mud volcano in Dushanzi, Xinjiang[J]. Seismology and Geology, 19(1): 14—16 (in Chinese).
[29]	王海涛, 高小其, 李志海, 等. 2014. 新疆 M_S6.0 和 M_S6.62 次地震前近场泥火山宏观异常现象[J]. 地震学报, 36(1): 139—145.
	WANG Hai-tao, GAO Xiao-qi, LI Zhi-hai, et al. 2014. Abnormal phenomenon of a mud volcano in Wusu count before M_S6.0 and M_S6.6 earthquakes in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 36(1): 139—145 (in Chinese).
[30]	王剑, 付修根. 2018. 论羌塘盆地沉积演化[J]. 中国地质, 45(2): 237—259.
	WANG Jian, FU Xiu-gen. 2018. Sedimentary evolution of the Qiangtang Basin[J]. Geology in China, 45(2): 237—259 (in Chinese).
[31]	解超明, 李才, 吴彦旺, 等. 2012. 青藏高原羌塘中部泥火山喷发物中沥青脉饱和烃气相色谱特征及其油气地质意义[J]. 地质通报, 31(6): 977—978.
	XIE Chao-ming, LI Cai, WU Yan-wang, et al. 2012. Gas chromatographic characteristics of asphalt vein saturated hydrocarbon in cano effusive mass of middle Qiangtang area, Tibet Plateau[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 31(6): 977—978 (in Chinese).
[32]	阎贫, 王彦林, 于俊辉, 等. 2021. 东沙海区泥火山调查进展[J]. 热带海洋学报, 40(3): 34—43.
	YAN Pin, WANG Yan-lin, YU Jun-hui, et al. 2021. Surveying mud volcanoes over the Dongsha Waters in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 40(3): 34—43 (in Chinese).
[33]	颜泽, 冯兴雷, 侯明才, 等. 2018. 羌塘盆地现代泥火山的发现及其油气地质意义[J]. 地质通报, 37(6): 1150—1156.
	YAN Ze, FENG Xing-lei, HOU Ming-cai, et al. 2018. First discovery of modern mud volcanoes in Qiangtang Basin and its petroleum geological significance[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 37(6): 1150—1156 (in Chinese).
[34]	杨晓芳, 于红梅, 赵波, 等. 2014. 新疆北天山泥火山固体喷出物特征及成因机制初探[J]. 地震地质, 36(1): 123—136. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.02.010.
	YANG Xiao-fang, YU Hong-mei, ZHAO Bo, et al. 2014. Study on the solid products from mud volcano in north Tianshan mountains, Xinjiang and discussion on Its genetic mechanism[J]Seismology and Geology, 36(1): 123—136 (in Chinese).
[35]	杨志斌, 周亚龙, 孙忠军, 等. 2017. 羌塘盆地泥火山发育区天然气水合物地球化学勘查[J]. 物探与化探, 41(3): 452—458.
	YANG Zhi-bin, ZHOU Ya-long, SUN Zhong-jun, et al. 2017. Geochemical exploration of natural gas hydrate in mud volcano area of the Qiangtang Basin[J]. Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, 41(3): 452—458 (in Chinese).
[36]	张培震, 邓起东, 杨晓平, 等. 1996. 天山的晚新生代构造变形及其地球动力学问题[J]. 中国地震, 12(2): 23—26.
	ZHANG Pei-zhen, DENG Qi-dong, YANG Xiao-ping, et al. 1996. Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation and Mechanism along the Tianshan mountain, northwestern China[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 12(2): 23—26 (in Chinese).
[37]	钟华邦. 2010. 地质素描: 江苏泥火山[J]. 地质学刊, 34(2): 208.
	ZHONG Hua-bang. 2010. Geological sketch: Mud volcanoes in Jiangsu[J]. Journal of Geology, 34(2): 208 (in Chinese).
[38]	朱婷婷, 陆现彩, 祝幼华, 等. 2009. 台湾西南部乌山顶泥火山的成因机制初探[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 28(5): 465—472.
	ZHU Ting-ting, LU Xian-cai, ZHU You-hua, et al. 2009. A preliminary genetic study of the Wushanding mud volcano in southwestern Taiwan[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 28(5): 465—472 (in Chinese).
[39]	Alain K, Holler T, Musat F, et al. 2006. Microbiological investigation of methane- and hydrocarbon-discharging mud volcanoes in the Carpathian Mountains, Romania[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 8(4): 574—590.
[40]	Aliev A A, Lavrushin V Y, Kokh S V, et al. 2017. Isotopic composition of pyritic sulfur from the mud volcanic ejecta in Azerbaijan[J]. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 52(5): 358—368.
[41]	Babadi F M, Mehrabi B, Tassi F, et al. 2019. Origin of fluids discharged from mud volcanoes in SE Iran[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 16: 190—205.
[42]	Chang Y H, Cheng T W, Lai W J, et al. 2012. Microbial methane cycling in a terrestrial mud volcano in eastern Taiwan[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 14(4): 895—908.
[43]	Chao H C, You C F, Sun C H, et al. 2010. Gases in Taiwan mud volcanoes: Chemical composition, methane carbon isotopes, and gas fluxes[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 25(3): 428—436.
[44]	Chao H C, You C F, Liu H C, et al. 2013. The origin and migration of mud volcano fluids in Taiwan: Evidence from hydrogen, oxygen, and strontium isotopic compositions[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 114: 29—51.
[45]	Chao H C, You C F, Wang B S, et al. 2011. Boron isotopic composition of mud volcano fluids: Implications for fluid migration in shallow subduction zones[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 305(1-2): 32—44.
[46]	Chen Z, Li Y, Liu Z, et al. 2019. CH₄ and CO₂ emissions from mud volcanoes on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, NW China: Origin, output, and relation to regional tectonics[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid earth, 124(5): 5030—5044.
[47]	Cheng T W, Chang Y H, Tang S L, et al. 2012. Metabolic stratification driven by surface and subsurface interactions in a terrestrial mud volcano[J]. The ISME Journal, 6(12): 2280—2290.
[48]	Dai J X, Ni Y Y, Zou C N, et al. 2009. Stable carbon isotopes of alkane gases from the Xujiahe coal measures and implication for gas-source correlation in the Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 40(5): 638—646.
[49]	Delisle G, Von Rad U, Andruleit H, et al. 2002. Active mud volcanoes on- and offshore eastern Makran, Pakistan[J]. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 91(1): 93—110.
[50]	Dia A N, Castrec-Rouelle M, Boulegue J, et al. 1999. Trinidad mud volcanoes: Where do the expelled fluids come from?[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Journal of the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society, 63(7-8): 1023—1038.
[51]	Dimitrov L I. 2002. Mud volcanoes: The most important pathway for degassing deeply buried sediments[J]. Earth Science Reviews, 59(1-4): 49—76.
[52]	Dimitrov L I. 2003. Mud volcanoes a significant source of atmospheric methane[J]. Geo-Marine Letters, 23(3-4): 155—161.
[53]	Feyzullayev A A, Movsumova U A. 2010. The nature of the isotopically heavy carbon of carbon dioxide and bicarbonates in the waters of mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan[J]. Geochemistry International, 48(5): 517—522.
[54]	Freiwald A, Roberts J M. 2005. Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems[M]. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg: 535—569.
[55]	Istadi P B, Pramono H G, Sumintadireja P, et al. 2009. Modeling study of growth and potential geohazard for LUSI mud volcano: East Java, Indonesia[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26(9): 1724—1739.
[56]	Khomyakova M A, Merkel A Y, Segliuk V S, et al. 2023. Desulfatitalea alkaliphila sp. Nov., an alkalipilic sulfate- and arsenate- reducing bacterium isolated from a terrestrial mud volcano[J]. Extremophiles, 27(2): 12. DOI PMID
[57]	Kopf A, Delisle G, Faber E, et al. 2010. Long-term in situ monitoring at Dashgil mud volcano Azerbaijan: A link between seismicity pore-pressure transients and methane emission[J]. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 99(1): S227—S240.
[58]	Kopf A J. 2002. Significance of mud volcanism[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 40(2): 2-1—2-2.
[59]	Ma X X, Ma Y, Zhang L, et al. 2022. Seasonal variations of geofluids from mud volcano systems in the Southern Junggar Basin, NW China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 844:157164.
[60]	Manga M, Brumm M, Rudolph M L. 2009. Earthquake triggering of mud volcanoes[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26(9): 1785—1798.
[61]	Marlow J J, Steele J A, Ziebis W, et al. 2014. Carbonate-hosted methanotrophy represents an unrecognized methane sink in the deep sea[J]. Nature Communications, 5: 5094. DOI PMID
[62]	Martin J B, Kastner M, Henry P, et al. 1996. Chemical and isotopic evidence for sources of fluids in a mud volcano field seaward of the Barbados accretionary wedge[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 101(B9): 20325—20345.
[63]	Mazzini A, Etiope G. 2017. Mud volcanism: An updated review[J]. Earth-Science reviews: The International Geological Journal Bridging the Gap between Research Articles and Textbooks, 168: 81—112.
[64]	Mazzini A, Sciarra A, Lupi M, et al. 2023. Deep fluids migration and submarine emersion of the Kalang Anyarmud volcano(Java, Indonesia): A multidisciplinary study[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 148: 105970.
[65]	Mazzini A, Svensen H, Akhmanov G G, et al. 2007. Triggering and dynamic evolution of the LUSI mud volcano, Indonesia[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 261(3-4): 375—388.
[66]	Milkov A V. 2000. Worldwide distribution of submarine mud volcanoes and associated gas hydrates[J]. Marine Geology, 167(1-2): 29—42.
[67]	Milkov A V. 2005. Global distribution of mud volcanoes and their significance in petroleum exploration as a source of methane in the atmosphere and hydrosphere and as a geohazard[J]. Mud Volcanoes, Geodynamics and Seismicity, 51: 29—34.
[68]	Niemann H, Losekann T, de Beer D, et al. 2006. Novel microbial communities of the Haakon Mosby mud volcano and their role as a methane sink[J]. Nature, 443(7113): 854—858.
[69]	Schoell M. 1980. The hydrogen and carbon isotopic composition of methane from natural gases of various origins[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44(5): 649—661.
[70]	Sciarra A, Cantucci B, Ricci T, et al. 2019. Geochemical characterization of the Nirano mud volcano, Italy[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 12: 77—87.
[71]	Wan Z F, Wang X Q, Lu Y, et al. 2017. Geochemical characteristics of mud volcano fluids in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, NW China: Implications for fluid origin and mud volcano formation mechanisms[J]. International Geology Review, 59(13): 1723—1735.
[72]	Yang T F, Chou C Y, Chen C H, et al. 2003. Exhalation of radon and its carrier gases in SW Taiwan[J]. Radiation Measurements, 36(1-4): 425—429.
[73]	Yang T F, Fu C C, Walia V, et al. 2006. Seismo-geochemical variations in SW Taiwan: Multi-parameter automatic gas monitoring results[J]. Pure And Applied Geophysics, 163(4): 693—709.
[74]	Yang T F, Yeh G H, Fu C C, et al. 2004. Composition and exhalation flux of gases from mud volcanoes in Taiwan[J]. Environmental Geology, 46(8): 1003—1011.
[75]	You C F, Gieskes J M, Lee T, et al. 2004. Geochemistry of mud volcano fluids in the Taiwan accretionary prism[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 19(5): 695—707.
[76]	Zheng G D, Ma X X, Guo Z F, et al. 2017. Gas geochemistry and methane emission from Dushanzi mud volcanoes in the southern Junggar Basin, NW China[J]. Journal of Asian earth sciences, 149(S1): 184—190.

中国泥火山的主要分布及研究进展

THE DISTRIBUTION AND RESEARCH PROGRESS OF MAIN MUD VOLCANOES IN CHINA

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 17

参考文献 76

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	苏淑娟, 陈其峰, 孙豪, 刘军, 冯梁乐, 徐继龙, 杨彦明, 雒昆利. 平原M5.5地震土壤气地球化学特征及成因[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(2): 433-448.
[2]	李营, 方震, 张晨蕾, 李继业, 鲍志诚, 张翔, 刘兆飞, 周晓成, 陈志, 杜建国. 地震流体地球化学短临预测研究进展与展望[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(3): 593-621.
[3]	申华梁, 杨耀, 周志华, 芮雪莲, 廖晓峰, 赵德杨, 梁明剑, 陈梦蝶, 官致君, 任宏微. 川西理塘毛垭温泉群的成因及深部地热过程[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(3): 689-709.
[4]	王喜龙, 罗银花, 金秀英, 杨梦尧, 孔祥瑞. 辽南地区断裂带的断层土壤气地球化学特征及其对区域应力调整的指示[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(3): 710-734.
[5]	张文亮, 李营, 刘兆飞, 胡乐, 路畅, 陈志, 韩晓昆. 六盘山东麓断裂带土壤气体He浓度的空间分布特征及其与构造活动之间的关系[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(3): 753-771.
[6]	朱成英, 闫玮, 麻荣, 李志海, 汪成国, 黄建明, 周晓成. 2017年8月9日精河M_S6.6地震宏观烈度及其余震分布的断层气体地球化学表征[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(5): 1225-1239.
[7]	周秉锐, 潘波, 尹成孝, 张哲宇, 颜丽丽. 基于MELTS模型的长白山天池火山岩浆演化过程的新认识[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(4): 831-844.
[8]	王博, 周永胜, 钟骏, 胡小静, 张翔, 周青云, 李旭茂. 滇西北断裂带土壤气地球化学特征及对断层活动性的启示[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(2): 428-447.
[9]	路畅, 周晓成, 李营, 刘磊, 颜玉聪, 徐岳仁. 玛多M_S7.4 地表破裂带与东昆仑断裂温泉的水文地球化学特征[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(5): 1101-1126.
[10]	朱成英, 周晓成, 麻荣, 闫玮, 梁卉, 张涛, 高小其, 颜玉聪. 2017年8月9日精河M_S6.6地震前乌苏泥火山群流体地球化学变化特征[J]. 地震地质, 2019, 41(4): 1060-1075.
[11]	熊振, 李清河, 张元生, 侯康明, 金淑梅, 周彩霞. 郯庐断裂带鲁苏晥段未来强震可能发生地段初探[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(4): 964-977.
[12]	高曙德, 赵国泽, 汤吉, 苏永刚, 詹艳, 王立凤. 2008年中国大陆6.0级以上地震前后电磁脉冲异常现象[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(4): 987-1004.
[13]	于红梅, 赵波, 魏费翔, 许建东, 王庆民. 华北东部海兴一带第四纪火山岩岩石学及地球化学特征[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(4): 1070-1083.
[14]	高小其, 梁卉, 王海涛, 郑黎明, 李杰, 赵纯青, 向阳, 张涛. 北天山地区泥火山的地球化学成因[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(4): 1215-1224.
[15]	宋冬梅, 时洪涛, 单新建, 刘雪梅, 崔建勇, 沈晨, 屈春燕, 邵红梅, 王一博, 臧琳, 陈伟民, 孔建. 基于热异常信息与BP神经网络的中强地震预测试验[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(2): 649-660.