基于地表破裂带宽度统计的活动断层错断变形区范围分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2025.01.020

地震地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 345-366.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2025.01.020

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

基于地表破裂带宽度统计的活动断层错断变形区范围分析

张伟恒¹⁾(), 张东升¹⁾, 陈杰²^,⁴⁾, 田勤俭³⁾, 何万通¹⁾^,^*()

¹⁾ 水电水利规划设计总院, 北京 100120
²⁾ 地震动力学与强震预测全国重点实验室(中国地震局地质研究所), 新疆帕米尔陆内俯冲国家野外科学观测研究站, 北京 100029
³⁾ 中国地震灾害防御中心, 北京 100029
⁴⁾ 中国地震局乌鲁木齐中亚地震研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2024-02-19 修回日期:2024-04-30 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-04-09
通讯作者: 何万通
作者简介:
张伟恒, 男, 1993年生, 2002年于中国地震局地质研究院所获构造地质学专业博士学位, 工程师, 主要从事水电工程地质、地震地质研究工作, E-mail: zhangwh93@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42494862); 国家自然科学基金(41772221); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3003700)

THE RANGE OF DEFORMED ZONE BASED BY ACTIVE FAULT OFFSET BASED ON STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE WIDTH

ZHANG Wei-heng¹⁾(), ZHANG Dong-sheng¹⁾, CHEN Jie²^,⁴⁾, TIAN Qin-jian³⁾, HE Wan-tong¹⁾^,^*()

¹⁾ China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, Beijing 100120, China
²⁾ State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics and Forecasting, Xinjiang Pamir Intracontinental Subduction National Field Observation and Research Station, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
³⁾ China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center, Beijing 100029, China
⁴⁾ Urumqi Institute of Central Asia Earthquake, China Earthquake Administration, Urumqi 830000, China

Received:2024-02-19 Revised:2024-04-30 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-04-09
Contact: HE Wan-tong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于大量震例的地表破裂带宽度统计是确定活动断层错断变形区范围最客观的方法, 能够为重大工程的活动断层避让原则和距离制定提供数据支撑。文中收集了75例文献记录的地表破裂带宽度和49例地表破裂矢量数据, 对文献记录的地表破裂带宽度进行了汇总, 并对地表破裂矢量数据进行了空间分析, 在考虑断层性质及几何结构的情况下, 获得各类地震地表破裂带宽度和分布式破裂密集分布区。根据文献记录数据统计, 正断层、逆断层、走滑断层在几何复杂段的地表破裂带宽度分别为8100m、3700m、10100m, 在平直段分别为160m、120m、400m。根据矢量数据分析, 正断层上盘、下盘, 逆断层上盘、下盘, 走滑断层在主破裂两侧连续分布地表破裂的最大范围分别约为14000m、7000m, 6400m、4300m, 17700m, 其中地表破裂密集分布区域边界与主断层的距离分别为700~800m、200~300m, 1000~1100m、400~500m, 500~600m。综合确定活动断层变形区范围边缘在正断层上盘、下盘, 逆断层上盘、下盘, 走滑断层两盘到主断层的距离分别为400~500m、200~300m, 500~600m、200~300m, 400~500m。考虑断层定位、地表破裂的新生性并排除特殊震例影响, 确定活动断层错断变形区范围边缘在边界清晰的断层平直段距主断层破裂带外围边缘的最小距离为400~500m。在断层的阶区、端部、拐折等几何复杂段及薄皮状逆断层上盘等特殊构造位置, 还应针对活动断层错断变形区范围进行专门研究。利用丰富详细的地表破裂数据能够得到更全面的认识, 文中的研究方法及结果可作为在活动断层附近选址的重大工程对活动断层避让的参考, 未来仍需要不断补充地震地表破裂数据完善文中的研究结果。

关键词: 地震地表破裂带宽度, 分布式破裂密集分布区, 活动断层错断变形区, 活动断层避让距离

Abstract:

Analyzing the statistical data on the widths of earthquake surface rupture zones is one of the most objective methods for determining the extent of active fault offsets and deformed zones. This information is crucial for establishing the setback distances for significant engineering projects in areas affected by active faults. In this study, we collected data from 92 cases to compute the widths of surface rupture zones and subsequently analyzed the extent of active fault offsets and deformed zones. Specifically, our dataset includes 75 cases with surface rupture zone widths extracted from published sources and 49 cases with available surface rupture vector data.

When compiling the statistical data on surface rupture widths, we categorized the data based on whether the ruptures occurred along straight fault segments or along more geometrically complex segments. For the vector data, we normalized the distributed rupture length and primary rupture length for each case to determine the distribution proportion of the rupture zones relative to fault distance.

The statistical analysis of document data shows that the total width of surface rupture zones in geometrically complex sections of normal, thrust, and strike-slip faults does not exceed 8100m, 3700m, and 10100m, respectively. In contrast, the widths of surface rupture zones in straight fault sections are generally narrower, with maximum widths of 160m, 120m, and 400m for normal, thrust, and strike-slip faults, respectively. The vector data further reveal that the maximum distances between the distributed ruptures and the primary fault are as follows: 19212m for the hanging wall of normal faults, 16244m for the footwall of normal faults, 7579m for the hanging wall of thrust faults, 4216m for the footwall of thrust faults, and 120456m for strike-slip faults. Moreover, the maximum distances from the primary fault to the margin of the closely distributed rupture zones are 700m, 200m, 1000m, 400m, and 500m, respectively. It is important to note that when excluding exceptional cases, such as earthquakes associated with fold-related faults or gently dipping thrust faults, the maximum distance from the margin of the closely distributed rupture zone to the primary fault is as follows: 400m for the hanging wall of normal faults, 200m for the footwall of normal faults, 500m for the hanging wall of thrust faults, 200m for the footwall of thrust faults, and 400m for strike-slip faults. Based on this comprehensive analysis, we suggest that the range of active fault offset and deformed zones should be considered as 400~500m from the primary fault. However, further research is needed to accurately determine the extent of fault offsets and deformed zones in areas with complex structural features, such as fault bends, step zones, fault tails, and the hanging walls of foreland thrust faults.

Future studies would benefit from incorporating more extensive and detailed surface rupture data. Continued data collection is essential to improve the accuracy and robustness of the results.

Key words: Width of earthquake surface rupture zone, Closed distributed ruptured zone, Active fault offset and deformed zone, Active fault setback distance

张伟恒, 张东升, 陈杰, 田勤俭, 何万通. 基于地表破裂带宽度统计的活动断层错断变形区范围分析[J]. 地震地质, 2025, 47(1): 345-366.

ZHANG Wei-heng, ZHANG Dong-sheng, CHEN Jie, TIAN Qin-jian, HE Wan-tong. THE RANGE OF DEFORMED ZONE BASED BY ACTIVE FAULT OFFSET BASED ON STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE WIDTH[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(1): 345-366.

图/表 9

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序号	发震时间	地点	震级	断层性质	宽度/m		参考文献
序号	发震时间	地点	震级	断层性质	几何复杂部位	平直段	参考文献
1	1515-06-01	云南永胜	M≥7¹/₂	正断	8000	40	虢顺民等,1988;常祖峰,2021
2	1556-01-23	陕西华县	M_S8.0	正断		80	王景明,1980
3	1895-07-05	新疆塔什库尔干	M_S7.0	正断	825	60	李文巧等,2011
4	1915-01-13	Avezzano,Italy	M_S7.0	正断	40	40	Boncio et al., 2012
5^#	1915-10-03	PleasantValley,Italy	M_W6.8	正断	1350	120	Boncio et al., 2012
6^#	1946-11-10	Ancash,Peru	M_W7.3	正断	150	70	Boncio et al., 2012
7^#	1950-12-14	FortSageMts,USA	M_W5.6	正断	380	40	Boncio et al., 2012
8^#	1954-12-16	FairviewPeak,USA	M_W7.1	右旋正	1010	120	Boncio et al., 2012
9^#	1954-12-17	DixieValley,USA	M_W6.6	正断	705	120	Boncio et al., 2012
10^#	1959-08-18	HebgenLake,USA	M_W7.2	正断	300	130	Boncio et al., 2012
11	1970-03-28	Gediz,Turky	M_S7.0	正断	285	130	Boncio et al., 2012
12^#	1975-08-01	Oroville,California,USA	M_W5.8	正断	450	30	Boncio et al., 2012
13	1980-11-23	Irpinia,Italy	M_S6.8	正断	25	25	Boncio et al., 2012
14^#	1981-02-25	GulfofCorinth,Greece	M_S6.4, M_S6.7	正断		70	Boncio et al., 2012
15^#	1981-03-04	GulfofCorinth,Greece	M_W6.2	正断	458	115	Boncio et al., 2012
16^#	1983-10-28	BorahPeak,USA	M_W6.9	正断	780	140	Boncio et al., 2012
17	1986-09-13	Kalamata,Greece	M_S5.8	正断	60	60	Boncio et al., 2012
18^#	1987-03-02	Edgecumbe,NewZealand	M_W6.5	正断	80	40	Boncio et al., 2012
19	1995-05-13	WestMacedonia,Greece	M_S6.6	正断	70	70	Boncio et al., 2012
20	1995-06-15	Egion,Greece	M_S6.2	正断	150	60	Boncio et al., 2012
21	2006-02-23	Machaze,Mozambique	M_S7.0	正断	140	140	Boncio et al., 2012
22^#	2009-04-06	L’Aquila,Italy	M_W6.3	正断	140	40	Boncio et al., 2012
23	1906-12-23	新疆玛纳斯	M_S8.0	逆断		40	徐锡伟等,2002
24	1927-05-23	甘肃古浪	M_S8.0	逆断	500	20	徐锡伟等,2002
25	1954-07-31	甘肃民勤	M_S7.0	左旋逆	100	20	黄静宜,2016;刘洪春等,2000
26^#	1971-02-09	SanFernando,USA	M_W6.7	左旋逆	3087		Boncio et al., 2018
27^#	1980-10-10	ElAsnam,Algeria	M_W7.1	逆断	3653		Boncio et al., 2018
28^#	1983-06-11	Coalinga(Nunez),USA	M_W5.4	逆断	190		Boncio et al., 2018
29	1985-09-12	新疆乌恰	M_S7.4	右旋逆	800	100	黄静宜,2016;冯先岳等,1988
30^#	1986-03-30	MarryatCreek,Australia	M_W5.7	逆断	5.7		Boncio et al., 2018
31^#	1988-01-22	TennantCreek,Australia	M_W6.6	逆断	1215		Boncio et al., 2018
32^#	1988-12-07	Spitak,Armenia	M_W6.8	逆断	330		Boncio et al., 2018
33^#	1993-09-29	Killari,India	M_W6.2	逆断	33.6		Boncio et al., 2018
34	1997-11-08	西藏玛尼	M_S7.5	左旋逆	500	7	孙鑫喆,2016
35^#	1999-09-20	台湾集集	M_W7.6	逆断	2580		Boncio et al., 2018
36^#	2005-10-08	Kashmir,Pakistan	M_W7.6	逆断	457		Boncio et al., 2018
37^#	2008-05-12	四川汶川	M_S8.0	右旋逆	847	60	Boncio et al., 2018;张永双等,2010;周庆等,2008
38^#	2014-11-22	NaganoPrefecture,Japan	M_W6.2	逆断	901		Boncio et al., 2018
39	2022-01-08	青海门源	M_S6.9	左旋逆	100	50	潘家伟等,2022;李智敏等,2022;梁宽等,2022
40	1125-09-06	甘肃兰州	M_S7.0	左旋	1000	150	宋方敏等,2007
41	1411-09-29	西藏当雄南	M_S8.0	左旋	1500	300	吴章明等,1990
42	1833-09-08	云南嵩明	M_S8.0	左旋	2000	2	俞维贤等,1996;黄静宜,2016
43	1850-09-12	四川西昌	M_S7.5	左旋		25	黄静宜,2016
44^#	1872-03-26	Owenslake,USA	M_W7.5	走滑	3700	200	袁兆德等,2021
45	1905-07-09	Tsetserleg-Bolnay,Mongolian	M≥8	走滑	6700	200	袁兆德等,2021
46	1920-12-16	宁夏海原	M_S8¹/₂	逆左旋	250	250	黄静宜,2016
47	1927-05-23	甘肃古浪	M_S8.0	逆左旋	300	40	侯康明等,1998;黄静宜,2016
48	1931-08-11	新疆富蕴	M_S8.0	右旋	4500	50	杨章等,1980
49	1932-12-25	甘肃昌马	M_S7.6	逆走滑		30	徐锡伟等,2002
50	1933-08-25	四川叠溪	M_S7.5	逆左旋		50	黄静宜,2016
51	1936-02-07	甘肃康乐	M_S6³/₄	逆左旋	10	1.2	张波等,2015;黄静宜,2016
52	1937-01-07	青海托索湖	M_S7.5	逆左旋	200	60	李龙海等,1981;黄静宜,2016
53	1937-01-08	山东菏泽	M_S7.0	右旋	80	80	黄静宜,2016
54	1947-03-17	青海达日	M_S7.7	逆左旋		100	黄静宜,2016
55	1948-05-25	四川理塘	M_S7.3	右旋	200	80	黄彩权,1983;黄静宜,2016
56	1950-08-15	西藏察隅	M_S8.6	右旋		2	黄静宜,2016
57	1951-11-18	西藏当雄、崩错	M_S8.0	正右旋		40	张德成,1988
58	1955-04-14	四川康定	M_S7.5	走滑		20	四川省地震局地震地质队,1988
59^#	1968-04-09	Borregomountain,USA	M_W6.6	走滑	1300	180	袁兆德等,2021
60	1970-01-05	云南通海	M_S7.8	逆右旋		20	黄静宜,2016
61	1973-02-06	四川炉霍	M_S7.6	左旋		100	黄静宜,2016;李红等,2019
62	1975-02-04	辽宁海城	M_S7.3	左旋		60	徐锡伟等,2002
63	1976-05-29	云南龙陵	M_S7.4	正右旋		40	黄静宜,2016
64	1976-07-28	河北唐山	M_S7.8	右旋	100	20	徐锡伟等,2002;黄静宜,2016
65	1981-01-24	四川道孚	M_S6.9	左旋		50	黄静宜,2016
66^#	1987-11-24	SuperstitionHills,USA	M_W6.5	走滑	10000	360	袁兆德等,2021
67^#	1992-06-28	Landers,USA	M_W7.3	走滑	3900	290	袁兆德等,2021
68^#	1999-10-16	HectorMine,USA	M_W7.1	走滑	800	80	袁兆德等,2021
69	2001-11-14	青海昆仑山口西	M_S8.1	左旋	2800	30	徐锡伟等,2008;袁兆德等,2021
70^#	2010-04-04	ElMayor-Cucapah,Mexico	M_W7.2	走滑	1000	60	袁兆德等,2021
71	2010-04-14	青海玉树	M_S7.1	左旋	3500	30	孙鑫喆等,2012
72^#	2010-09-03	Darfield,NewZealand	M_W7.2	走滑		300	Quigley et al., 2012
73	2014-02-12	新疆于田	M_W6.9	左旋	1800	130	袁兆德等,2021
74	2016-11-14	Kaikōura,NewZealand	M_W7.6	走滑	2000	100	袁兆德等,2021
75	2021-05-22	青海玛多	M_W7.4	左旋		100	潘家伟等,2021

序号	发震时间	地点	震级	断层性质	宽度/m		参考文献
序号	发震时间	地点	震级	断层性质	几何复杂部位	平直段	参考文献
1	1515-06-01	云南永胜	M≥7¹/₂	正断	8000	40	虢顺民等,1988;常祖峰,2021
2	1556-01-23	陕西华县	M_S8.0	正断		80	王景明,1980
3	1895-07-05	新疆塔什库尔干	M_S7.0	正断	825	60	李文巧等,2011
4	1915-01-13	Avezzano,Italy	M_S7.0	正断	40	40	Boncio et al., 2012
5^#	1915-10-03	PleasantValley,Italy	M_W6.8	正断	1350	120	Boncio et al., 2012
6^#	1946-11-10	Ancash,Peru	M_W7.3	正断	150	70	Boncio et al., 2012
7^#	1950-12-14	FortSageMts,USA	M_W5.6	正断	380	40	Boncio et al., 2012
8^#	1954-12-16	FairviewPeak,USA	M_W7.1	右旋正	1010	120	Boncio et al., 2012
9^#	1954-12-17	DixieValley,USA	M_W6.6	正断	705	120	Boncio et al., 2012
10^#	1959-08-18	HebgenLake,USA	M_W7.2	正断	300	130	Boncio et al., 2012
11	1970-03-28	Gediz,Turky	M_S7.0	正断	285	130	Boncio et al., 2012
12^#	1975-08-01	Oroville,California,USA	M_W5.8	正断	450	30	Boncio et al., 2012
13	1980-11-23	Irpinia,Italy	M_S6.8	正断	25	25	Boncio et al., 2012
14^#	1981-02-25	GulfofCorinth,Greece	M_S6.4, M_S6.7	正断		70	Boncio et al., 2012
15^#	1981-03-04	GulfofCorinth,Greece	M_W6.2	正断	458	115	Boncio et al., 2012
16^#	1983-10-28	BorahPeak,USA	M_W6.9	正断	780	140	Boncio et al., 2012
17	1986-09-13	Kalamata,Greece	M_S5.8	正断	60	60	Boncio et al., 2012
18^#	1987-03-02	Edgecumbe,NewZealand	M_W6.5	正断	80	40	Boncio et al., 2012
19	1995-05-13	WestMacedonia,Greece	M_S6.6	正断	70	70	Boncio et al., 2012
20	1995-06-15	Egion,Greece	M_S6.2	正断	150	60	Boncio et al., 2012
21	2006-02-23	Machaze,Mozambique	M_S7.0	正断	140	140	Boncio et al., 2012
22^#	2009-04-06	L’Aquila,Italy	M_W6.3	正断	140	40	Boncio et al., 2012
23	1906-12-23	新疆玛纳斯	M_S8.0	逆断		40	徐锡伟等,2002
24	1927-05-23	甘肃古浪	M_S8.0	逆断	500	20	徐锡伟等,2002
25	1954-07-31	甘肃民勤	M_S7.0	左旋逆	100	20	黄静宜,2016;刘洪春等,2000
26^#	1971-02-09	SanFernando,USA	M_W6.7	左旋逆	3087		Boncio et al., 2018
27^#	1980-10-10	ElAsnam,Algeria	M_W7.1	逆断	3653		Boncio et al., 2018
28^#	1983-06-11	Coalinga(Nunez),USA	M_W5.4	逆断	190		Boncio et al., 2018
29	1985-09-12	新疆乌恰	M_S7.4	右旋逆	800	100	黄静宜,2016;冯先岳等,1988
30^#	1986-03-30	MarryatCreek,Australia	M_W5.7	逆断	5.7		Boncio et al., 2018
31^#	1988-01-22	TennantCreek,Australia	M_W6.6	逆断	1215		Boncio et al., 2018
32^#	1988-12-07	Spitak,Armenia	M_W6.8	逆断	330		Boncio et al., 2018
33^#	1993-09-29	Killari,India	M_W6.2	逆断	33.6		Boncio et al., 2018
34	1997-11-08	西藏玛尼	M_S7.5	左旋逆	500	7	孙鑫喆,2016
35^#	1999-09-20	台湾集集	M_W7.6	逆断	2580		Boncio et al., 2018
36^#	2005-10-08	Kashmir,Pakistan	M_W7.6	逆断	457		Boncio et al., 2018
37^#	2008-05-12	四川汶川	M_S8.0	右旋逆	847	60	Boncio et al., 2018;张永双等,2010;周庆等,2008
38^#	2014-11-22	NaganoPrefecture,Japan	M_W6.2	逆断	901		Boncio et al., 2018
39	2022-01-08	青海门源	M_S6.9	左旋逆	100	50	潘家伟等,2022;李智敏等,2022;梁宽等,2022
40	1125-09-06	甘肃兰州	M_S7.0	左旋	1000	150	宋方敏等,2007
41	1411-09-29	西藏当雄南	M_S8.0	左旋	1500	300	吴章明等,1990
42	1833-09-08	云南嵩明	M_S8.0	左旋	2000	2	俞维贤等,1996;黄静宜,2016
43	1850-09-12	四川西昌	M_S7.5	左旋		25	黄静宜,2016
44^#	1872-03-26	Owenslake,USA	M_W7.5	走滑	3700	200	袁兆德等,2021
45	1905-07-09	Tsetserleg-Bolnay,Mongolian	M≥8	走滑	6700	200	袁兆德等,2021
46	1920-12-16	宁夏海原	M_S8¹/₂	逆左旋	250	250	黄静宜,2016
47	1927-05-23	甘肃古浪	M_S8.0	逆左旋	300	40	侯康明等,1998;黄静宜,2016
48	1931-08-11	新疆富蕴	M_S8.0	右旋	4500	50	杨章等,1980
49	1932-12-25	甘肃昌马	M_S7.6	逆走滑		30	徐锡伟等,2002
50	1933-08-25	四川叠溪	M_S7.5	逆左旋		50	黄静宜,2016
51	1936-02-07	甘肃康乐	M_S6³/₄	逆左旋	10	1.2	张波等,2015;黄静宜,2016
52	1937-01-07	青海托索湖	M_S7.5	逆左旋	200	60	李龙海等,1981;黄静宜,2016
53	1937-01-08	山东菏泽	M_S7.0	右旋	80	80	黄静宜,2016
54	1947-03-17	青海达日	M_S7.7	逆左旋		100	黄静宜,2016
55	1948-05-25	四川理塘	M_S7.3	右旋	200	80	黄彩权,1983;黄静宜,2016
56	1950-08-15	西藏察隅	M_S8.6	右旋		2	黄静宜,2016
57	1951-11-18	西藏当雄、崩错	M_S8.0	正右旋		40	张德成,1988
58	1955-04-14	四川康定	M_S7.5	走滑		20	四川省地震局地震地质队,1988
59^#	1968-04-09	Borregomountain,USA	M_W6.6	走滑	1300	180	袁兆德等,2021
60	1970-01-05	云南通海	M_S7.8	逆右旋		20	黄静宜,2016
61	1973-02-06	四川炉霍	M_S7.6	左旋		100	黄静宜,2016;李红等,2019
62	1975-02-04	辽宁海城	M_S7.3	左旋		60	徐锡伟等,2002
63	1976-05-29	云南龙陵	M_S7.4	正右旋		40	黄静宜,2016
64	1976-07-28	河北唐山	M_S7.8	右旋	100	20	徐锡伟等,2002;黄静宜,2016
65	1981-01-24	四川道孚	M_S6.9	左旋		50	黄静宜,2016
66^#	1987-11-24	SuperstitionHills,USA	M_W6.5	走滑	10000	360	袁兆德等,2021
67^#	1992-06-28	Landers,USA	M_W7.3	走滑	3900	290	袁兆德等,2021
68^#	1999-10-16	HectorMine,USA	M_W7.1	走滑	800	80	袁兆德等,2021
69	2001-11-14	青海昆仑山口西	M_S8.1	左旋	2800	30	徐锡伟等,2008;袁兆德等,2021
70^#	2010-04-04	ElMayor-Cucapah,Mexico	M_W7.2	走滑	1000	60	袁兆德等,2021
71	2010-04-14	青海玉树	M_S7.1	左旋	3500	30	孙鑫喆等,2012
72^#	2010-09-03	Darfield,NewZealand	M_W7.2	走滑		300	Quigley et al., 2012
73	2014-02-12	新疆于田	M_W6.9	左旋	1800	130	袁兆德等,2021
74	2016-11-14	Kaikōura,NewZealand	M_W7.6	走滑	2000	100	袁兆德等,2021
75	2021-05-22	青海玛多	M_W7.4	左旋		100	潘家伟等,2021

序号	发震时间	地点	震级	断层性质	主破裂长度 /m	分布式破裂统计点数量^*		分布式破裂距主破裂最远距离/m
序号	发震时间	地点	震级	断层性质	主破裂长度 /m	上盘	下盘	上盘	下盘
1	1887-05-03	SonoraValley,USA	M_W7.5	正断	57106	996	234	3734	3913
2^#	1915-10-03	PleasantValley,Italy	M_W6.8	正断	54797	1428	300	1952	904
3^#	1946-11-10	Ancash,Peru	M_W7.3	正断	6864	31	14	107	29
4^#	1950-12-14	FortSageMts,USA	M_W5.6	正断	9040	37	0	367
5^#	1954-12-16	FairviewPeak,USA	M_W7.1	正断	57067	3583	1035	19212	3811
6^#	1954-12-17	DixieValley,USA	M_W6.6	正断	53376	4299	173	3889	258
7^#	1959-08-18	HebgenLake,USA	M_W7.2	正断	36906	4494	762	13801	2992
8^#	1975-08-01	Oroville,USA	M_W5.8	正断	3380	3	26	451	26
9	1978-06-20	Thessaloniki,Greece	M_W6.2	正断	12363	1798	186	5409	720
10	1980-05-25	MammothLake,USA	M_W6.2	正断	7488	412	2664	11973	16244
11^#	1981-02-24	Pisia,Greece	M_W6.6	正断	11785	419	126	3776	760
12^#	1981-03-04	GulfofCorinth,Greece	M_W6.4	正断	10747	379	272	1817	1116
13^#	1983-10-28	BorahPeak,USA	M_W6.9	正断	27670	2631	1516	6568	6964
14^#	1987-03-02	Edgecumbe,NewZealand	M_W6.5	正断	7105	1111	424	10234	6946
15^#	2009-04-06	L’Aquila,Italy	M_W6.3	正断	1707	395	79	9827	3580
16	2016-08-24	Amatrice,Italy	M_W6.0	正断	3245	31	27	2023	297
17	2016-10-30	Norcia,Italy	M_W6.5	正断	26504	3102	353	14552	7319
18	1911-01-03	Chon-Kemin,Kazakhstan/Kyrghystan	M_W7.7	逆断	102140	10797	1174	7579	3538
19	1970-03-10	Calingiri,Australia	M_W5.0	逆断	3698	218	21	1191	21
20^#	1971-02-09	SanFernando,USA	M_W6.7	逆断	11143	1506	180	2713	512
21^#	1980-10-10	ElAsnam,Algeria	M_W7.1	逆断	30380	4191	1630	2556	2070
22^#	1983-06-11	Coalinga(Nunez),USA	M_W5.4	逆断	3792	15	42	219	197
23^#	1986-03-30	MarryatCreek,Australia	M_W5.8	逆断	13634	10	17	7	17
24^#	1988-01-22	TennantCreek,Australia	M_W6.6	逆断	32239	121	291	68	1298
25^#	1988-12-07	Spitak,Armenia	M_W6.8	逆断	6935	167	40	271	142
26^#	1993-09-29	Killari,India	M_W6.2	逆断	160	27	1	52	54
27^#	1999-09-20	台湾集集,中国	M_W7.6	逆断	97797	2561	321	2632	466
28^#	2005-10-08	Kashmir,Pakistan	M_W7.6	逆断	15998	528	23	770	233
29^#	2008-05-12	四川汶川,中国	M_S8.0	逆断	332506	376	875	3877	4216
30	2012-03-23	Pukatja,Australia	M_W5.4	逆断	1416	70	14	100	18
31^#	2014-11-22	NaganoPrefecture,Japan	M_W6.2	逆断	9994	399	48	846	149
32	2016-05-20	Petermann,Australia	M_W6.1	逆断	12263	85	50	100	128
33	2019-11-11	LeTeil,France	M_W4.9	逆断	5626	233	1	516	65
34^#	1872-03-26	OwensValley,USA	M_W7.5	走滑	167017	13360		9784
35^#	1968-04-09	BorregoMountain,USA	M_W6.6	走滑	34326	3874		2508
36	1979-10-15	ImperialValley,USA	M_W6.5	走滑	29053	2504		7365
37^#	1987-11-24	SuperstitionHills,USA	M_W6.6	走滑	34255	5093		8116
38^#	1992-06-28	Landers,USA	M_W7.3	走滑	118288	25812		16772
39	1995-01-16	Kobe,Japan	M_W6.9	走滑	10855	718		4479
40	1999-08-17	Izmit,Turkey	M_W7.6	走滑	110595	2159		19269
41^#	1999-10-16	HectorMine,USA	M_W7.1	走滑	94366	9046		7358
42	2002-11-03	Denali,USA	M_W7.9	走滑	77480	7135		21943
43	2010-03-26	Pisayambo,Ecuador	M_W5.0	走滑	9159	21		83
44^#	2010-04-04	ElMayor-Cucapah,Mexico	M_W7.2	走滑	72990	24290		120456
45^#	2010-09-03	Darfield,NewZealand	M_W7.2	走滑	55432	1369		122
46	2014-08-24	Napa,USA	M_W6.0	走滑	24590	3773		3161
47	2016-04-15	Kumamoto,Japan	M_W7.0	走滑	41271	9221		18502
48	2019-07-04	Ridgecrest Ⅰ,USA	M_W6.4	走滑	21409	9742		20058
49	2019-07-05	Ridgecrest Ⅱ,USA	M_W7.1	走滑	61948	20396		21548

序号	发震时间	地点	震级	断层性质	主破裂长度 /m	分布式破裂统计点数量^*		分布式破裂距主破裂最远距离/m
序号	发震时间	地点	震级	断层性质	主破裂长度 /m	上盘	下盘	上盘	下盘
1	1887-05-03	SonoraValley,USA	M_W7.5	正断	57106	996	234	3734	3913
2^#	1915-10-03	PleasantValley,Italy	M_W6.8	正断	54797	1428	300	1952	904
3^#	1946-11-10	Ancash,Peru	M_W7.3	正断	6864	31	14	107	29
4^#	1950-12-14	FortSageMts,USA	M_W5.6	正断	9040	37	0	367
5^#	1954-12-16	FairviewPeak,USA	M_W7.1	正断	57067	3583	1035	19212	3811
6^#	1954-12-17	DixieValley,USA	M_W6.6	正断	53376	4299	173	3889	258
7^#	1959-08-18	HebgenLake,USA	M_W7.2	正断	36906	4494	762	13801	2992
8^#	1975-08-01	Oroville,USA	M_W5.8	正断	3380	3	26	451	26
9	1978-06-20	Thessaloniki,Greece	M_W6.2	正断	12363	1798	186	5409	720
10	1980-05-25	MammothLake,USA	M_W6.2	正断	7488	412	2664	11973	16244
11^#	1981-02-24	Pisia,Greece	M_W6.6	正断	11785	419	126	3776	760
12^#	1981-03-04	GulfofCorinth,Greece	M_W6.4	正断	10747	379	272	1817	1116
13^#	1983-10-28	BorahPeak,USA	M_W6.9	正断	27670	2631	1516	6568	6964
14^#	1987-03-02	Edgecumbe,NewZealand	M_W6.5	正断	7105	1111	424	10234	6946
15^#	2009-04-06	L’Aquila,Italy	M_W6.3	正断	1707	395	79	9827	3580
16	2016-08-24	Amatrice,Italy	M_W6.0	正断	3245	31	27	2023	297
17	2016-10-30	Norcia,Italy	M_W6.5	正断	26504	3102	353	14552	7319
18	1911-01-03	Chon-Kemin,Kazakhstan/Kyrghystan	M_W7.7	逆断	102140	10797	1174	7579	3538
19	1970-03-10	Calingiri,Australia	M_W5.0	逆断	3698	218	21	1191	21
20^#	1971-02-09	SanFernando,USA	M_W6.7	逆断	11143	1506	180	2713	512
21^#	1980-10-10	ElAsnam,Algeria	M_W7.1	逆断	30380	4191	1630	2556	2070
22^#	1983-06-11	Coalinga(Nunez),USA	M_W5.4	逆断	3792	15	42	219	197
23^#	1986-03-30	MarryatCreek,Australia	M_W5.8	逆断	13634	10	17	7	17
24^#	1988-01-22	TennantCreek,Australia	M_W6.6	逆断	32239	121	291	68	1298
25^#	1988-12-07	Spitak,Armenia	M_W6.8	逆断	6935	167	40	271	142
26^#	1993-09-29	Killari,India	M_W6.2	逆断	160	27	1	52	54
27^#	1999-09-20	台湾集集,中国	M_W7.6	逆断	97797	2561	321	2632	466
28^#	2005-10-08	Kashmir,Pakistan	M_W7.6	逆断	15998	528	23	770	233
29^#	2008-05-12	四川汶川,中国	M_S8.0	逆断	332506	376	875	3877	4216
30	2012-03-23	Pukatja,Australia	M_W5.4	逆断	1416	70	14	100	18
31^#	2014-11-22	NaganoPrefecture,Japan	M_W6.2	逆断	9994	399	48	846	149
32	2016-05-20	Petermann,Australia	M_W6.1	逆断	12263	85	50	100	128
33	2019-11-11	LeTeil,France	M_W4.9	逆断	5626	233	1	516	65
34^#	1872-03-26	OwensValley,USA	M_W7.5	走滑	167017	13360		9784
35^#	1968-04-09	BorregoMountain,USA	M_W6.6	走滑	34326	3874		2508
36	1979-10-15	ImperialValley,USA	M_W6.5	走滑	29053	2504		7365
37^#	1987-11-24	SuperstitionHills,USA	M_W6.6	走滑	34255	5093		8116
38^#	1992-06-28	Landers,USA	M_W7.3	走滑	118288	25812		16772
39	1995-01-16	Kobe,Japan	M_W6.9	走滑	10855	718		4479
40	1999-08-17	Izmit,Turkey	M_W7.6	走滑	110595	2159		19269
41^#	1999-10-16	HectorMine,USA	M_W7.1	走滑	94366	9046		7358
42	2002-11-03	Denali,USA	M_W7.9	走滑	77480	7135		21943
43	2010-03-26	Pisayambo,Ecuador	M_W5.0	走滑	9159	21		83
44^#	2010-04-04	ElMayor-Cucapah,Mexico	M_W7.2	走滑	72990	24290		120456
45^#	2010-09-03	Darfield,NewZealand	M_W7.2	走滑	55432	1369		122
46	2014-08-24	Napa,USA	M_W6.0	走滑	24590	3773		3161
47	2016-04-15	Kumamoto,Japan	M_W7.0	走滑	41271	9221		18502
48	2019-07-04	Ridgecrest Ⅰ,USA	M_W6.4	走滑	21409	9742		20058
49	2019-07-05	Ridgecrest Ⅱ,USA	M_W7.1	走滑	61948	20396		21548

基于地表破裂带宽度统计的活动断层错断变形区范围分析

THE RANGE OF DEFORMED ZONE BASED BY ACTIVE FAULT OFFSET BASED ON STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE WIDTH

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地表破裂统计分类		正断层		逆断层		走滑断层
地表破裂统计分类		上盘	下盘	上盘	下盘
文献统计	平直段最大极值宽度/m	160		120		2000 (仅1例)
	平直段最大宽度/m					400
	几何复杂段最大宽度/m	8100		3700		10100
	涵盖75%震例的几何复杂段宽度/m	1400		1000		3800
矢量统计	分布式破裂距主破裂最远距离/m	19212	16244	7579	4216	120456
	震例汇总后连续有分布式地表破裂区域距主破裂的最远距离/m	14000	7000	6400	4300	17700
	分布式地表破裂密集分布区边缘距主破裂距离/m	700~800	200~300	1000~1100	400~500	500~600
	排除特殊震例后分布式地表破裂密集分布区边缘距主破裂距离/m	400~500	200~300	500~600	200~300	400~500