基于区域构造应力场探讨2014年鲁甸地震余震活动发生在共轭断裂上的原因

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.01.011

地震地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 184-200.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.01.011

基于区域构造应力场探讨2014年鲁甸地震余震活动发生在共轭断裂上的原因

万永革¹^,²^,³⁾(), 宋泽尧¹^,²⁾, 关兆萱¹^,²⁾, 黄睿琪¹^,²⁾, 顾培苑¹^,²⁾, 王润妍¹^,²⁾

¹⁾ 防灾科技学院, 三河 065201
²⁾ 河北省地震动力学重点实验室, 三河 065201
³⁾ 河北红山巨厚沉积与地震灾害国家野外科学观测研究站, 隆尧 055350

收稿日期:2023-10-11 修回日期:2023-11-22 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-03-22
作者简介:
万永革, 男, 1967年生, 研究员, 主要从事构造应力场、地震应力触发、地震动力学等方面的研究工作, E-mail: wanyg217217@vip.sina.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42174074); 国家自然科学基金(41674055); 国家自然科学基金(42364005); 中央高校科研业务专项(ZY20215117); 河北省地震动力学重点实验室开放基金(FZ212105)

DISCUSSION ON REASON WHY AFTERSHOCKS OF THE 2014 LUDIAN EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED ON THE CONJUGATED FAULTS BASED ON TECTONIC STRESS FIELD

WAN Yong-ge¹^,²^,³⁾(), SONG Ze-yao¹^,²⁾, GUAN Zhao-xuan¹^,²⁾, HUANG Rui-qi¹^,²⁾, GU Pei-yuan¹^,²⁾, WANG Run-yan¹^,²⁾

¹⁾ Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China
²⁾ Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Sanhe 065201, China
³⁾ National Observation and Research Station of Hebei Hongshan Giant Thick Sediments and Earthquake Disasters, Longyao 055350, China

Received:2023-10-11 Revised:2023-11-22 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2024-03-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2014年8月3日云南省昭通市鲁甸县发生 M_S6.5 地震。该事件的特殊之处在于余震活动表现在共轭的昭通-鲁甸断裂和包谷垴-小河断裂上。为了从应力角度探究地震活动发生在2条断裂上的原因及确定主震发生在哪条断裂上, 文中首先搜集了鲁甸地震周围的震源机制数据, 求解了区域构造应力场, 然后采用新发展的模糊聚类断层面拟合法获得了地震2条断层的产状参数: NNW-SSE向分支的走向和倾角分别为336.67°和88.41°, 近EW向分支的走向和倾角分别为266.10°和86.42°。之后, 将应力场投影到2条断层面上, 发现包谷垴-小河断裂和昭通-鲁甸断裂的相对剪应力都很大, 说明2条断层均可能发生地震活动。相比之下, 包谷垴-小河断裂处的相对剪应力更大, 可能预示着包谷垴-小河断裂的地震活动比昭通-鲁甸断裂更强烈。上述分析得到了2条断层上地震活动的M-T图和总体地震矩的支持。

关键词: 共轭断层, 断层结构, 发震机制, 应力场

Abstract:

An earthquake of M_S6.5 occurred in Ludian county, Zhaotong city, Yunnan province, on August 3, 2014. Aftershock activity appears to be on two conjugated near-vertical Zhaotong-Ludian Fault and Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault, which is unusual phenomenon in aftershock distribution. Usually, most earthquakes occur on a single fault or fracture zone with several end-to-end linked faults. Therefore, the 2014 Zhaotong-Ludian earthquake sequence has attracted great attention from geoscientists, and a lot of work has been done in terms of the precise location of aftershocks, the focal mechanisms of the earthquake sequence, co-seismic slip model and the deep structure of the Earth’s crust. In order to determine the fault on which the mainshock occurred and to understand why the aftershocks occurred on the conjugate faults based on the tectonic stress point of view, we used the new developed fuzzy clustering and fault plane fitting method to calculate the geometry parameters of the 2 fault branches. The result shows that the strike and dip angle of the NNW-SSE branch(Baogunao-Xiaohe fault zone)are 336.67° and 88.41°, respectively, and the strike and dip angle of the near EW branch(Zhaotong-Ludian fault zone)are 266.10° and 86.42°, respectively. Both the Zhaotong-Ludian Fault and Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault are nearly vertical faults, which is consistent with the strike-slip stress regime in this area. In order to investigate the relative magnitude of the shear and normal stress on the two faults generated by the regional stress field, 128 focal mechanisms around the 2014 Ludian earthquake were collected, and types of focal mechanism are classified. It is found that most of the focal mechanisms in this area are strike-slip type, accounting for 61.72%, while the sum of other types of focal mechanisms is only 38.28%. By using the collected focal mechanism data, we estimated the stress tensor in this region. The determined stress tensor shows NW-SE compression and NE-SW extension, also a strike-slip stress regime. It reflects that the Qinghai-Tibet plateau was pushed and uplifted by the Indian plate, and the material flowed eastward, which was blocked by the hard blocks of the Sichuan basin and forced to turn southward, showing the extrusion of NW-SE and the tension of NE-SW. By projecting the stress field onto the two faults, it was observed that the relative shear stress on both the Baoguanya-Xiaohe Fault and the Zhaotong-Ludian Fault are large with 0.99 and 0.77, respectively, indicating that both faults are capable of seismic activity. Moreover, the Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault experiences higher relative shear stress compared to the Zhaotong-Ludian Fault, suggesting that seismic activity on the former is stronger. The observed aftershock seismicity on the Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault is stronger than that on the Zhoatong-Ludian Fault illustrated by frequency, magnitude and overall releasing seismic moment v.s. time, which validates the estimated larger shear stress on the Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault.

Key words: conjugated faults, fault structure, seismogenic mecganism, stress field

万永革, 宋泽尧, 关兆萱, 黄睿琪, 顾培苑, 王润妍. 基于区域构造应力场探讨2014年鲁甸地震余震活动发生在共轭断裂上的原因[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(1): 184-200.

WAN Yong-ge, SONG Ze-yao, GUAN Zhao-xuan, HUANG Rui-qi, GU Pei-yuan, WANG Run-yan. DISCUSSION ON REASON WHY AFTERSHOCKS OF THE 2014 LUDIAN EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED ON THE CONJUGATED FAULTS BASED ON TECTONIC STRESS FIELD[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(1): 184-200.

图/表 8

图1 鲁甸地区地震的震源机制解分布图(a)和震源机制分类图(b) 红色实线为断层(闻学泽等, 2013), 沙滩球为震源机制解, 蓝色沙滩球为正断型, 红色沙滩球为正走滑型, 绿色沙滩球为走滑型, 黄色沙滩球为逆走滑型, 黑色沙滩球为逆断型

Fig. 1 Distribution of earthquakes with focal mechanism(a) and plot of focal mechanism classification(b) in Ludian area.

表1 震源机制解的反演结果

Table1 Inversion results of focal mechanism solutions

应力轴	最优方位角/(°)	倾伏角/(°)	不确定范围
主压应力轴	130.60	4.63	129.60°~131.10°和4.45°~5.13°
中间应力轴	16.00	79.00	15.00°~16.50°和78.50°~79.50°
主张应力轴	221.41	9.96	220.41°~221.91°和9.46°~10.46°

图2 鲁甸 MS6.5 地震震源区的应力状态左图中红色箭头为主压应力轴, 红色小箭头为理论滑动方向, 蓝色大箭头为主张应力轴, 蓝色小箭头为观测滑动方向, R值为应力形因子, 黑色弧线表示所选震源机制节面的等面积投影, 绿色弧线表示所反演的置信度为90%的应力模型的最大剪应力节面, 黄色箭头为此节面上的滑动方向。围绕S1、 S2、 S3的曲线为拉张轴、中间轴和压缩轴90%的置信区间; 右图中红色为主压应力, 蓝色为主张应力

Fig. 2 Stress field in the focal area of the Ludian MS6.5 earthquake.

表2 各断层面的几何参数和顶点位置

Table2 Geometrical parameters and vertex positions of each fault plane

断层	余震数量	走向/(°)		倾向/(°)		距离/(°)		顶点位置
		数值	标准差	数值	标准差	数值	标准差	φ_N/(°)	λ_E/(°)	深度/km
昭通-鲁甸	1023	266.10	0.466	86.42	0.456	0	0.029	27.11	103.39	3.39
								27.12	103.39	17.05
								27.11	103.27	17.05
								27.10	103.27	3.39
包谷垴-小河	595	336.67	0.633	88.41	0.545	0	0.038	27.01	103.42	2.42
								27.01	103.43	19.37
								27.13	103.37	19.37
								27.13	103.36	2.42

图3 采用鲁甸地震序列地震精定位数据拟合的断层面小地震分布在水平面(a)、断层面(b)和垂直于断层面的横断面(c)上的投影, (d)小地震距断层面的距离分布。AA'(BB')为断层上边界端点, DD为倾向, DF为距断层面距离, SD为走向距离, F为分布频次; 圆圈表示小地震的精确定位结果,红色圆点为包谷垴-小河断裂上的余震, 绿色圆点为昭通-鲁甸断裂上的余震, 粗线表示断层面的边界

Fig. 3 The fault planes fitted by fuzzy clustering and precise location of the Ludian seismic sequence.

图4 反演的应力张量产生的震源机制及其节面上的相对剪应力和相对正应力 a 相对剪切应力; b 相对正应力。底图颜色表示相对应力值的大小; NS为正走滑型, SS为走滑型, NF为正断型, U为未定型, TS为逆走滑型, TF为逆断型

Fig. 4 Source focal mechanism generated by the inverted stress tensor and relative shear and normal stress on the nodal planes.

图5 a 2条断裂的M-T图; b 2条断裂最初始部分的放大M-T图

Fig. 5 M-T plot along the two faults(a) and enlarged M-T plot of the initial parts along the two faults(b).

图6 2条断裂的地震矩对比图

Fig. 6 Comparison of seismic moments between the two faults.

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基于区域构造应力场探讨2014年鲁甸地震余震活动发生在共轭断裂上的原因

DISCUSSION ON REASON WHY AFTERSHOCKS OF THE 2014 LUDIAN EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED ON THE CONJUGATED FAULTS BASED ON TECTONIC STRESS FIELD

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