移动摄影测量数据与差分GPS数据的对比分析——以祁连山北麓洪水坝河东岸断层陡坎为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2016.04.018

地震地质 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 1030-1046.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2016.04.018

移动摄影测量数据与差分GPS数据的对比分析——以祁连山北麓洪水坝河东岸断层陡坎为例

杨海波¹, 杨晓平¹, 黄雄南¹, 黄伟亮², 罗佳宏¹

1. 中国地震局地质研究所, 活动构造与火山重点实验室, 北京 100029;
2. 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院, 西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室, 西安 710054

收稿日期:2015-10-23 修回日期:2016-04-08 出版日期:2016-12-20 发布日期:2017-01-20
通讯作者: 杨晓平,男,研究员,E-mail:yangxiaoping-1@163.com
作者简介:杨海波,男,1989年生,2016年于中国地震局地质研究所获构造地质学专业硕士学位,现为在读博士研究生,主要从事活动构造和新构造方面的研究,E-mail:yanghaibo2015@gmail.com。
基金资助:
中国地震活动断层探察：南北地震带北段项目（20140823）资助

DATA COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN SFM DATA AND DGPS DATA: A CASE STUDY FROM FAULT SCARP IN THE EAST BANK OF HONGSHUIBA RIVER, NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QILIAN SHAN

YANG Hai-bo¹, YANG Xiao-ping¹, HUANG Xiong-nan¹, HUANG Wei-liang², LUO Jia-hong¹

1. Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Western China Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, College of Engineering and Surveying of Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China

Received:2015-10-23 Revised:2016-04-08 Online:2016-12-20 Published:2017-01-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着获取高分辨率数字地形数据技术的成熟化，越来越多地被应用到地球科学研究中。一种低成本且操作简单的获取高分辨率地形数据的新技术——SfM（Structure from Motion）的出现，将使得活动构造研究中高分辨率数据的使用更加广泛。文中首先介绍了SfM技术的工作原理和操作流程，选取祁连山北缘洪水坝河东岸进行数据采集，生成DEM数据的点云平均密度为220.667点/m²，像素分辨率达6.73cm，覆盖面积达0.286km²。其次，详细对比了SfM数据与差分GPS数据之间的精度。结果表明，SfM数据经过高程误差垂向校正和倾斜校正以后，与DGPS数据之间的高程差值基本上集中在约20cm左右，倾斜校正将高程差降低了约50%。90%置信区间内2种数据之间的高程差为10~15cm，局部误差在30cm左右，但所占比例不足10%，若采用更加精确的校正方法，可能误差还会更低。基于SfM数据提取的断层陡坎高度沿断裂走向分布显示，洪水坝河东岸最新一次构造活动垂直位移量在1m左右。因此，具有较高垂直精度的SfM数据，在植被稀少地区能够替代DGPS进行高精度地形测量。2种数据之间仍然存在的高程误差可能与生成DEM的方式以及SfM数据精度有关，SfM数据精度还受控于地面控制点数量、相机分辨率、照片密度、拍摄高度等条件，同时也与地表形态等内在因素有关。

关键词: SfM, DGPS数据, DEM, 佛洞庙-红崖子断裂

Abstract:

With the development of the techniques acquiring high-resolution digital terrain data,the digital terrain data acquisition technology has been widespread applied to the geoscience research.A revolutionary,low-cost and simply operative SfM (Structure from Motion) technology will make obtain high-resolution DEM data more convenient for researches on active tectonics.This paper summarizes the basic principles and workflows of SfM technology and processes and selects the Hongshuiba River area along the northern margin of the Qilian Shan to conduct data collection.We use a series of digital pictures to produce a texture with geographic information,in which data resolution is 6.73cm/pix and average density of point cloud is 220.667 point/m².The coverage area is 0.286km².Further,in order to compare the accuracy between SfM data and differential GPS (DGPS) data in details,SfM data are vertically shifted and tilt-corrected.After optimizing corrections of SfM data,the absolute value of elevation difference between two data substantially concentrates around 20cm,roughly equivalent to 2-folds of data error only after the elevation error correction.Elevation difference between two data is 10~15cm in 90% confidence interval.The maximum error is about 30cm,but accounts for less than 10%.Along the direction of fault trace,the height of fault scarp extracted from SfM data shows that vertical displacement of the latest tectonic activity in the east bank of Hongshuiba River is about 1m,and some minimum scarps height may be 0.3m.The results show SfM technology with high vertical accuracy can be able to replace differential GPS in high-precision topographic survey.After correcting of SfM data,elevation difference still exists,which may be associated with methods of generating DEM and SfM data accuracy,which in turn is controlled by the number and distribution of Ground Control Points (GCPs),photos density and camera shooting height,but also related to surface features,Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault

Key words: structure from motion(SfM), DGPS data, DEM, Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault

中图分类号:

P231

杨海波, 杨晓平, 黄雄南, 黄伟亮, 罗佳宏. 移动摄影测量数据与差分GPS数据的对比分析——以祁连山北麓洪水坝河东岸断层陡坎为例[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(4): 1030-1046.

YANG Hai-bo, YANG Xiao-ping, HUANG Xiong-nan, HUANG Wei-liang, LUO Jia-hong. DATA COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN SFM DATA AND DGPS DATA: A CASE STUDY FROM FAULT SCARP IN THE EAST BANK OF HONGSHUIBA RIVER, NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QILIAN SHAN[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2016, 38(4): 1030-1046.

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移动摄影测量数据与差分GPS数据的对比分析——以祁连山北麓洪水坝河东岸断层陡坎为例

DATA COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN SFM DATA AND DGPS DATA: A CASE STUDY FROM FAULT SCARP IN THE EAST BANK OF HONGSHUIBA RIVER, NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QILIAN SHAN

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