华北东部海兴一带第四纪火山岩岩石学及地球化学特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2015.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

华北东部海兴一带出露2座第四纪火山, 即小山火山和大山火山, 并在边庄附近隐伏了火山岩。野外考察和室内分析显示: 小山火山为玛珥式火山, 喷发方式为射汽岩浆喷发, 影响范围仅限于火口附近, 喷发物为火山渣、晶屑和火山灰; 大山火山早期为爆破式喷发, 后有岩浆侵入, 喷发强度和规模均不大, 产生了火山渣、火山集块岩和致密熔岩颈。边庄隐伏火山岩为气孔状和致密火山岩及火山角砾岩, 喷发方式以弱爆破式喷发和熔岩流溢为主, 喷发时代为早更新世。小山火山渣和边庄隐伏火山岩成分为玄武质, 而大山火山岩SiO₂含量低, 属于霞石岩。氧化物含量不显示线性关系, 说明它们之间不存在岩浆演化关系。3处火山岩均富集轻稀土, 边庄隐伏火山岩富大离子亲石元素, 无高场强元素Zr、Hf、Ti亏损, 大山和小山样品强烈富集Th、U、Nb和Ta, 明显负K和Ti。3处火山岩具有不同的岩石学和地球化学特征, 具有相对独立的火山结构, 虽均可能来自软流圈, 但明显经历了不同的岩浆活动过程。

关键词: 火山地质, 岩石学, 地球化学, 小山火山, 大山火山, 边庄隐伏火山岩

Abstract:

Field investigation and lab analysis on samples were carried out for Quaternary volcanoes, including Xiaoshan volcano, Dashan volcano and Bianzhuang hidden volcano, in Haixing area, east of North China. Results show that Xiaoshan volcano with the eruptive material of volcanic scoria, crystal fragments and volcanic ash is a maar volcano, the eruptive pattern is pheatomagmatic eruption, and the influence scope is near the crater. Dashan volcano exploded in the early stage, and then the magma intruded, forming the volcanic neck. The eruption strength and scale are limited, and the eruptive materials are scoria, volcanic agglomerate and dense lava neck. The volcanic rocks in Bianzhuang are porosity and dense volcanic rocks and volcanic breccia, reflecting the pattern of weak explosive eruption and lava flow, and the K-Ar age dating on volcanic rocks indicates that the eruption happened in early Pleistocene. Xiaoshan volcanic scoria and Bianzhuang hidden volcanic rocks are mainly basaltic, Dashan volcanic rocks with lower SiO₂ content are nephelinite in composition. Their oxide contents have no linear relationship, indicating that there is no magma evolution relationship between these magmas from the three places. Three volcanic rocks all have enrichment of light rare earth. The Bianzhuang volcanic rocks are rich in large ion lithophile elements, and have no high field strength elements Zr and Hf, Ti losses. The volcanic materials from Xiaoshan and Dashan are intensively rich in Th, U, Nb and Ta, and significantly poor in K and Ti. Although the magmas from these three places in Haixing area may all come from asthenosphere, the volcanic materials have different petrological and geochemical features, and relatively independent volcanic structures, therefore, they experienced different magma processes.

Key words: volcanic geology, petrology, geochemistry, Xiaoshan volcano, Dashan volcano, Bianzhuang hidden volcanic rocks

中图分类号:

P317.3

于红梅, 赵波, 魏费翔, 许建东, 王庆民. 华北东部海兴一带第四纪火山岩岩石学及地球化学特征[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(4): 1070-1083.

YU Hong-mei, ZHAO Bo, WEI Fei-xiang, XU Jian-dong, WANG Qing-min. petrological and geochemical characteristics of quarternary volcanic rocks in haixing area, eastern north china[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2015, 37(4): 1070-1083.

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