汶川地震同震过程中断层间的相互作用及子事件触发

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2015.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2008年5月12日四川省汶川县发生了M_S8.0地震, 造成了重大人员伤亡和经济、财产损失。主震发生时, 龙门山前山断层从都江堰北部开始错动, 且一直破裂到地表。文中利用映秀-北川断裂和灌县-江油断裂2条断层模型, 着重研究和深入探讨了灌县-江油断裂的触发机制以及错动时间。基于滑移速率和状态相依赖的摩擦定律, 推导出在剪切应力变化率是否为0的2种前提条件下的地震触发新破裂的时间延迟, 并将结果用于研究汶川地震是否为同震触发的时间过程上。通过与绵竹清平和汶川卧龙台站的三分量强地面运动观测资料计算出的时间延迟对比, 得到了比较一致的结果, 发现汶川地震中映秀-北川断裂和灌县-江油断裂并不是同时错动的, 而是映秀-北川破裂产生的动态地震波(应力波)触发了灌县-江油断裂, 并造成了几秒到十几秒的触发延迟。

关键词: 汶川地震, 地震触发, 滑移速率和状态相依赖的摩擦定律, 时间延迟

Abstract:

The 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurring in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province caused heavy casualties and serious economic losses. The northern part of Longmen Shan piedmont fault moved after the main event, with a burst to the surface. Using the model of two faults(Yingxiu-Beichuan and Guanxian-Jiangyou Fault), we discussed the earthquake triggering mechanism and time delay of frictional instability of Longmenshan piedmont fault. Based on the rate- and state-dependent frictional law, we deduced the time delay of new rupture on either condition that shear stress rate is zero or not, and used the results to infer the coseismic process of Wenchuan earthquake. After comparing the time delay of frictional instability of Longmenshan piedmont fault, which was derived from three-component strong ground motion observations of Mianzhu-Qingping and Wenchuan-Wolong stations, we obtained the same results. We found that Yingxiu-Beichuan and Guanxian-Jiangyou Faults did not move together at the same time, but the dynamic seismic waves(stress waves)radiated from Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault triggered the movement of Guanxian-Jiangyou Fault, with a possible time delay of several seconds.

Key words: Wenchuan earthquake, earthquake triggering, rate- and state-dependent frictional law, time delay

中图分类号:

P315.63

刘博研, 史保平. 汶川地震同震过程中断层间的相互作用及子事件触发[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(2): 357-373.

LIU Bo-yan, SHI Bao-ping. FAULT INTERACTION AND EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERING DURING COSEISMIC PROCESS OF WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2015, 37(2): 357-373.

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