断层岩气体渗透率及Klinkenberg效应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在围压2～40MPa变化范围内, 以恒流法多次变化上游压力测量了以断层岩为主的样品的气体(N₂)渗透率, 将实验结果进行了Klinkenberg效应校正.对实验数据的拟合分析表明, 滑脱因子b值与绝对渗透率k_l存在b=λk_l^-d形式的幂律关系, 断层岩符合b=0.004 6k_l^-0.476 的变化关系.与沉积岩相比, 断层岩的气体滑脱效应更强, 采用气体测量渗透率时, 其滑脱效应不能忽略.断层岩气体渗透率和绝对渗透率与测量所用的孔隙压力间的关系为k_g/k_l=1+(0.009 2k_l^-0.476)/(P_u+P_d).结果表明样品渗透率越低, 滑脱效应越强, 提高孔隙压力, 滑脱效应逐渐减小;对于高渗(10^-15m²～10^-18m²) 的样品, 高孔隙压力下(4MPa以上)的气体渗透率与绝对渗透率基本一致, 对于超低渗(10^-22m²～10^-20m²)的样品, 即使提高孔隙压力亦很难避免滑脱效应.在40MPa有效压力下断层泥样品的绝对渗透率为4.54×10^-19m²～2.43×10^-17m², 角砾岩的绝对渗透率较断层泥高出1～2个数量级, 为2.25×10^-17m²～7.94×10^-16m², 表明汶川地震断层带具有核部低、破碎带高的渗透结构, 断层带核部具备热压作用发生所要求的低渗条件.

关键词: 断层岩, Klinkenberg效应, 气体渗透率, 绝对渗透率, 汶川地震

Abstract:

The nitrogen gas permeabilities of fault rocks were measured under confining pressure ranging from 4 to 40MPa. At each confining pressure step, we changed the upstream pressure several times and measured the permeability. The measured gas results were then corrected by Klinkenberg's equation. Relationship between slippage factor b and intrinsic permeability k_l can be described by a power law correlation expressed as b=0.004 6k_l^-0.476. Compared with sedimentary rocks, the gas slippage effect of fault rocks is stronger, which should not be ignored when using gas as a medium for permeability experiments. The relationship between gas permeability, intrinsic permeability and pore pressure is expressed as k_g/k_l=1+(0.009 2k_l^-0.476)/(P_u+P_d). Results show that the lower the permeability of rocks is, the stronger the Klinkenberg effect is. Additionally, the slippage effect decreases as pore pressure increases. For the relative permeable (10^-15m²～10^-18m²) samples, their gas permeabilities are almost identical to intrinsic permeabilities under relative higher pore pressure condition(higher than 4MPa). However, for the ultra-low permeable (10^-22m²～10^-20m²) samples, it's difficult to avoid the slippage effect although under high pore pressure condition. The intrinsic permeability of fault gouge samples ranges between 4.54×10^-19m² and 2.43×10^-17m², and those of the breccia samples are higher by 1～2 orders of magnitude which range between 2.25×10^-17m² and 7.94×10^-16m². These results demonstrate that the permeability structure of Wenchuan earthquake fault zone is characterized by a low permeable fault core and relative higher permeable damaged zone. The fault zone has the characteristics of low permeability for thermal pressurization.

Key words: fault rocks, Klinkenberg effect, gas permeability, intrinsic permeability, Wenchuan earthquake

中图分类号:

P313

段庆宝, 杨晓松, 陈建业. 断层岩气体渗透率及Klinkenberg效应[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(4): 964-975.

DUAN Qing-bao, YANG Xiao-song, CHEN Jian-ye. GAS PERMEABILITY AND KLINKENBERG EFFECT OF FAULT ROCKS[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2014, 36(4): 964-975.

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