滑脱褶皱陡坎的变形特征和运动学模型：以帕米尔-南天山前陆地区明尧勒背斜为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.03.011

地震地质 ›› 2014, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 677-691.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.03.011

滑脱褶皱陡坎的变形特征和运动学模型：以帕米尔-南天山前陆地区明尧勒背斜为例

李涛^1,2, 陈杰¹, 肖伟鹏³

1. 中国地震局地质研究所, 地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029;
2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083;
3. 安徽省地震局, 合肥 230031

收稿日期:2013-12-17 修回日期:2014-09-11 出版日期:2014-09-30 发布日期:2014-09-30
作者简介:李涛|男|1985年生|2012年在中国地震局地质研究所获博士学位|现在中国石油勘探开发研究院进行博士后研究|主要从事新构造、活动构造、断层相关褶皱等方面的研究|电话010-83592604|E-mail：litao.410@ 163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41302172）、地震动力学国家重点实验室自主研究课题（LED2010A04）、我国地震重点监视防御区活动断层地震危险性评价项目分项目、国家重大专项课题（2011ZX05003-002）和中石油股份公司科技专项（2014B0407）共同资助

DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS AND KINEMATICS OF ACTIVE DETACHMENT FOLD SCARP：A CASE STUDY FROM THE MINGYAOLE ANTICLINE, PAMIR-SOUTHERN TIANSHAN FORELAND

LI Tao^1,2, CHEN Jie¹, XIAO Wei-peng³

1. State Key Lab of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China;
2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China;
3. Anhui Earthquake Administration, Hefei 230031, China

Received:2013-12-17 Revised:2014-09-11 Online:2014-09-30 Published:2014-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

褶皱陡坎是褶皱变形过程中形成的地貌陡坎，是近期发现的一种不同于断层陡坎的构造作用形成的陡坎状地貌。在缺少地震反射剖面等深部资料时，利用褶皱陡坎可对活动褶皱的变形特征和生长演化历史进行限定，但迄今为止有关研究较少。位于帕米尔-南天山前陆地区的明尧勒背斜为第四纪活动的滑脱褶皱。在背斜南翼的河流阶地上发育了一系列褶皱陡坎：在T₂和T₃b阶地上，褶皱陡坎的高度/宽度/坡度分别为16m/40m/25°和20m/50m/26°，陡坎位置与下伏基岩中向斜枢纽位置对应。通过对这些褶皱陡坎的分析，得出：1）这些褶皱陡坎是滑脱褶皱通过膝折带迁移机制形成的。2）褶皱陡坎形成初期，陡坎高度、宽度和坡度逐渐增大；当陡坎宽度达到枢纽带宽度2倍时，陡坎坡度将达到最大值；之后尽管陡坎高度和宽度逐渐增大，其坡度将保持恒定。3）褶皱陡坎吸收的缩短增量与陡坎高度和下伏地层倾角间存在定量几何关系。根据T₂阶地上褶皱陡坎的高度约16m和暴露年龄约8ka，估算T₂阶地面暴露以来明尧勒背斜南翼的缩短速率为～1.3mm/a。在上述分析基础上，还对比总结了滑脱褶皱陡坎和断弯褶皱陡坎的异同点。

Abstract:

The fold scarp, a type of geomorphic scarp on the land surface formed by folding without fault offsets on the surface, can be used to constrain folding and slip rates and kinematics and to reconstruct a folding history despite a lack of full constraints on the subsurface structure. Recently, the conceptual, geometric, and kinematic models of fold scarps formed by fault-bend folding(fault-bend fold scarp)were developed. But for other types of fold scarp, there are few detailed investigations till now.
Located at southern foreland of Chinese Tianshan, the Mingyaole anticline is interpreted to be a detachment fold. On the Kezilesu river terraces in the south limb, a series of detachment fold scarps occur. The height, width, and slope of fold scarps on the T₂ and T₃b terraces are ～16m/～40m/～25° and ～20m/～50m/～26° respectively. The scarp locations are correlated with an underlying synclinal hinge separating a 50° dip and a 15°dip domain and the strike of the scarp is parallel with the hinge. Detailed geologic and geomorphic mapping and dGPS survey data reveal important characteristics of detachment fold scarp. 1)The fold scarps are formed by synclinal hinge migration. 2)During initial growth, the height, width and slope of the fold scarp increase gradually. When the fold scarp's horizontal width increases to be at least twice that of the hinge, the slope will approach a maximum, and will subsequently remain constant even as the height and width continue to increase gradually. 3)The scarp height and underlying bedding dips on either side of the hinge can be used to calculate incremental shortening absorbed by the fold scarp. Based on the height ～16m of the fold scarp on the T₂ and its exposure age ～8.0ka, the shortening rate absorbed by south limb of the Mingyaole fold is estimated to be ～1.3mm/a. Despite similarities with fault-bend fold scarps, detachment-fold scarps have some pronounced differences, which suggest that the type of fold scarp should be defined prior to calculating folding rates.

Key words: active fold, fluvial terrace, fold scarp, Mingyaole anticline, Pamir, thrust-related fold, Tianshan

中图分类号:

P315.2

李涛, 陈杰, 肖伟鹏. 滑脱褶皱陡坎的变形特征和运动学模型：以帕米尔-南天山前陆地区明尧勒背斜为例[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(3): 677-691.

LI Tao, CHEN Jie, XIAO Wei-peng. DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS AND KINEMATICS OF ACTIVE DETACHMENT FOLD SCARP：A CASE STUDY FROM THE MINGYAOLE ANTICLINE, PAMIR-SOUTHERN TIANSHAN FORELAND[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2014, 36(3): 677-691.

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滑脱褶皱陡坎的变形特征和运动学模型：以帕米尔-南天山前陆地区明尧勒背斜为例

DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS AND KINEMATICS OF ACTIVE DETACHMENT FOLD SCARP：A CASE STUDY FROM THE MINGYAOLE ANTICLINE, PAMIR-SOUTHERN TIANSHAN FORELAND

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