公元前179年“齐楚地震”考证与发震构造讨论

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对公元前179年(汉文帝前元元年)"齐楚地震"的基本参数一直有不同认识,属于疑难历史地震。在吸收西汉政区研究成果的基础上,深入分析了地震史料隐含的约束条件,对这次地震震中位置进行了考证。提出了以齐楚边界和国都连线为基点,结合史料给出的有关约束条件,综合确定震中位置的技术方案。同时,依据地震地质调查成果,从发震构造角度论证了震中位置的合理性。1)鉴于西汉时期政权更迭频繁,通过追踪西汉初期(尤其是汉文帝前元元年前后)齐、楚政区变化情况,尽力复原当时的行政区划和齐楚两国边界分布。2)认真分析史料记载的 "齐楚地震,二十九山同日崩,大水溃出"所指示的地区范围,对比历史上其他震例造成的破坏现象的空间分布以及破坏程度,为震中位置和震级确定提供重要约束条件。经文献考证认为,这次地震可定为公元前179年6月6日平邑南(35.2°N,117.6°E)7级地震。3)结合卫星影像判读和野外地震地质调查资料,分析研究了 "齐楚地震"所在地区的地质构造特点和活动断裂发育情况。在排除该地震事件属于郯庐断裂带地震事件后,通过对比分析郯庐断裂带西侧发育的各条NW向断裂的构造地貌以及剖面表现,认为苍尼断裂可能是 "齐楚地震"的发震断裂。在震中附近,苍尼断裂控制着白彦断陷盆地的发育,也是断层地貌最为清楚的地方,断错的地层最新,断层运动量也最大。

关键词: 历史地震, 历史政区, 震中位置, 发震构造

Abstract:

The Qi-Chu earthquake,occurring in 179 BC(the first year of Hanwen Emperor,Han Dynasty),is a contentious historical earthquake event. Its basic parameters have not been determined. According to former researches on administrative division in Han Dynasty and analysis on historical earthquake records,the paper presents a discussion on the basic parameters of this earthquake event. A comprehensive method is developed to determine the epicenter,focusing on the border area between Qi and Chu States and the direct line of their capitals,and also considering other conditions from historical data. Moreover,based on results of seismic and geological investigation,the paper verifies the rationality of location of the epicenter from the seismotectonic point of view.Firstly,considering the frequent regime changes in Han Dynasty,the paper tries to recover the then administrative divisions and the boundary between Qi State and Chu State around the first year of Hanwen Emperor. Secondly,we analyzed carefully the range of the region indicated by historical earthquake records as "29 mountains collapsed and water burst during the Qi-Chu earthquake",and compared the spatial distribution and intensity of damage caused by other historical earthquakes to obtain important constraints for determining the location and magnitude of this event. It is suggested by textual analysis that the Qi-Chu earthquake ought to be the magnitude 7 earthquake occurring in the southern area of Pingyi County(N35.2?,E117.6?)on June 6,179 BC.Thirdly,geological structures and active faults around the epicenter area of Qi-Chu earthquake are studied by analyzing satellite image and geological data. As the earthquake was ruled out from the Tanlu Fault zone,it is considered that the Cangni active fault probably is the seismogenic structure of the Qi-Chu earthquake. Nearby the epicenter,the Cangni active fault with clear landforms and greatest displacement has controlled the development of the Baiyan Basin and offset the late Quaternary sediments.

Key words: historical earthquake, historical administrative division, epicenter location, seismogenic structure

中图分类号:

P316

晁洪太, 刁守中, 王志才. 公元前179年“齐楚地震”考证与发震构造讨论[J]. 地震地质, 2012, (2): 211-227.

CHAO Hong-tai, DIAO Shou-zhong, WANG Zhi-cai. TEXTUAL RESEARCH OF THE QI-CHU EARTHQUAKE OF 179 BC AND DISCUSSION ON ITS SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2012, (2): 211-227.

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