阿尔金断裂带西段莫勒切河河口阶地的构造及气候意义

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2011.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对阿尔金断裂带西段莫勒切河河口附近卫星影像解译、野外调查测量及地貌面样品年龄测定,利用宽谷阶地、堆积阶地获取构造隆升速率、构造变形方式及加积速率,并结合区域气候资料探讨该区阶地发育对气候变化的响应。莫勒切河出山口发育4级阶地(T₄,T₃,T₂,T₁),其中T₄、T₃为宽谷阶地,T₂为堆积阶地,T₁为堆积-切割阶地。T₃,T₂,T₁阶地形成年龄为分别为 (18.98±1.42)ka BP、(13.08±1.01)ka BP、(5.72±0.43)ka BP,3级阶地分别形成于冰盛期末期、新仙女木时期以及5ka BP左右的变冷变干气候环境。T₃揭示自 (18.98±1.42)ka BP至今莫勒切河出山口的平均抬升速率为 (6.66±0.50)mm/a。T₃、T₂阶地的存在揭示 (18.98±1.42)ka BP至 (13.08±1.01)ka BP之间,研究区及其邻近地区存在一轮快速的构造抬升和快速加积事件,抬升速率＞20mm/a,加积速率＞10mm/a。构造抬升形式为从南向北的跨阿尔金断裂带的掀斜式抬升,是高原向北扩展的一种运动形式。T₂阶地的堆积应该是此次快速构造抬升和15ka BP至12ka BP之间冰消气候共同作用的产物。

关键词: 阿尔金断裂带西段, 宽谷阶地, 堆积阶地, 构造抬升, 抬升速率, 加积速率, 高原扩展

Abstract:

Based on the interpretation of satellite image,field investigation and geomorphic survey and sample dating of surface,the strath terrace and fill terrace at the outlet of Moleqiehe River on the western segment of Altyn Tagh Fault zone(ATF)are used to study the tectonic uplift rate,uplift model and aggradation rate,and cooperated with data of the regional climate,the response to climate evolution of development of terrace are discussed.The previous studies of the terraces related with the Altyn Tagh Fault zone are mainly focused on the horizontal offset in order to obtain sinistral-slip rate,but few studies involve the uplift using terraces.As a structural zone with strike-thrust characteristic,the ATF is a boundary structure of the northern fringe of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and its thrusting and uplifting movement is of significance for controlling the uplift of the northern fringe of the Plateau.Therefore, the study of uplift of the ATF will be helpful for understanding the uplift model and mechanism and promoting the kinematic study of the northern fringe of the Plateau.The formation of strath terrace is closely related with tectogenetic movement,the landform age of the terrace represents the starting time of uplift.Based on the height and strath and landform age,the uplift rate can be calculated.The fill terrace is formed by climate forcing,the surface age represents the end time of one aggradation event.If the starting time of aggradation is obtained,the aggration rate can be calculated.There are four stream terraces at the outlet of Moleqiehe River(T₄,T₃,T₂,and T₁). T₄ and T₃ are strath terraces,T₂ is fill terrace,and T₁ are fill-cut terraces.The landform ages of T₃,T₂,and T₁ are 18.98±1.42ka BP,13.08±1.01ka BP,and 5.72±0.43ka BP,respectively.The existence of T₃ reveals the uplift rate of 6.66±0.50mm/a since 18.98±1.42ka BP.The existence of T₃ and T₂ reveals the time of fast uplift movement and aggradation events between 18.98±1.42ka BP to 13.08±1.01ka BP,the uplift rate is bigger than 20mm/a and the aggradation rate bigger than 10mm/a.The model of tectonic uplift shows tilted uplift from south toward north across the ATF,and this model is one of the types of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau extending toward north.The aggradations,that constructed the T₂,are the result of the coactions of fast uplift and deglaciation climate between 15ka BP to 12ka BP.

Key words: the western segment of Altyn Tagh Fault zone, strath terrace, fill terrace, tectonic uplift, uplift rate, aggradation rate, plateau extending

中图分类号:

P315.2

郑荣章, 徐锡伟, 马文涛, 李建平. 阿尔金断裂带西段莫勒切河河口阶地的构造及气候意义[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(2): 323-334.

ZHENG Rong-zhang, XU Xi-wei, MA Wen-tao, LI Jian-ping. TECTONIC AND CLIMATIC SIGNIFICATION OF TERRACES AT THE OUTLET OF MOLEQIEHE RIVER, THE WESTERN SEGMENT OF ALTYN TAGH FAULT ZONE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2011, 33(2): 323-334.

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