利用变形河流阶地限定帕米尔北缘木什背斜的缩短、隆升和侧向扩展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2011.02.005

地震地质 ›› 2011, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 308-322.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2011.02.005

利用变形河流阶地限定帕米尔北缘木什背斜的缩短、隆升和侧向扩展

李涛¹, 陈杰¹, 肖伟鹏^1,2, Burbank D W³, 黄明达¹, Thompson J³

1. 中国地震局地质研究所,地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029;
2. 中国矿业大学北京地球科学与测绘工程学院, 北京 100083;
3. Department of Earth Science,University of California,Santa Barbara, CA 93106,USA

收稿日期:2011-04-17 修回日期:2011-06-07 出版日期:2011-06-29 发布日期:2011-12-17
通讯作者: 陈杰,研究员,E-mail: chenjie@ies.ac.cn。
作者简介:李涛,男,1985年生,2007年在吉林大学地球科学学院获学士学位,现为中国地震局地质研究所博士研究生,主要从事新构造、活动构造等方面的研究,电话: 010-62009099,E-mail: litao.410@163.com。
基金资助:
科技部国际科技合作计划项目(2008DFA20860)、地震动力学国家重点实验室自主研究课题(LED2010A04)和我国地震重点监视防御区活动断层地震危险性评价项目共同资助。

USING DEFORMATION TERRACES TO CONFINE THE SHOR-TENING,UPLIFT AND LATERAL PROPAGATION OF THE MUSHI ANTICLINE,NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE PAMIR

LI Tao¹, CHEN Jie¹, XIAO Wei-peng^1,2, Burbank D W³, HUANG Ming-da¹, Thompson J³

1. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029,China;
2. College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083,China;
3. Department of Geological Sciences,University of California,Santa Barbara,CA 93106, USA

Received:2011-04-17 Revised:2011-06-07 Online:2011-06-29 Published:2011-12-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

位于帕米尔前缘逆冲推覆体(Pamir Front Thrust,PFT)东端的木什滑脱背斜,是帕米尔弧形推覆构造带最前缘和最新的变形带。对地形横剖面、纵剖面和水系发育特征的分析表明,木什背斜总体上具有由西向东扩展生长的特征。在背斜核部及北翼发育数级开阔平坦的沿轴向展布的河流阶地,阶地可划分为4期。利用阶地堆积细颗粒石英光释光测年获得阶地面T2a、T3和T4的形成年龄分别为(15.8±2.40)ka、(55.1±10.3)ka、(131.4±23.9)ka。伴随背斜的生长扩展,河流阶地面发生了横向和纵向掀斜,并形成断层陡坎和褶皱陡坎。木什背斜晚第四纪的缩短和隆升主要是通过褶皱翼旋转机制进行的,估算其最小缩短速率为(1.6±0.3)mm/a,最小隆升速率为(1.9±0.3)mm/a。与此同时,沿轴向背斜发生了向东的侧向迁移和旋转。根据背斜垂直隆升与侧向扩展之间的关系,估算背斜在131～16ka期间向东的侧向迁移扩展速率较快,为 (14.6±3.6)mm/a; 自16ka至今,侧向迁移扩展速率迅速减小至(1.7±0.3)mm/a,背斜向东的迁移扩展可能已基本停止,而以侧向旋转为主。

关键词: 帕米尔, 木什背斜, 晚第四纪, 河流阶地, 褶皱生长, 侧向扩展

Abstract:

Locating at eastern end of the Pamir Front Thrust(PFT),the Mushi anticline grows initiating from early-Pleistocene till now.The anticline,with a gentle south limb and steep north limb,outcrops Pliocene Atushi formation and lower-Pleistocene Xiyu formation.Topographic profiles and drainage pattern indicate the lateral growth of the anticline from west to east.Combining mapping data and seismic profiles from the neighboring area,we find the Mushi anticline is a detachment fold,with a total shortening of ～0.7km and a total uplift up to～1.5km.Northern part of the anticline is dominated by a series of wide,flat terraces.According to OSL samples,the age of the terrace T2a,T3and T4 is 15.8±2.4ka,55.1±10.3ka and 131.4±23.9ka respectively.Correlating with Marine Isotopic stages(MIS),the formation of terraces has some relationship with global climate change.As growing of the anticline,terrace surfaces deformed obviously,which is characterized by fault scarps,surface tilting or back-tilting,folding scarps and lateral tilting.Deforming patterns of the terrace surfaces indicate the Mushi anticline grows by limb rotation in late-Pleistocene.Using calculating models,we can confine the minimum shortening rate is 1.6±0.3mm/a and the minimum uplift rate is 1.9±0.3mm/a. Longitudinal profiles of terraces indicate the Mushi anticline grows laterally through limb rotation.According to relationship between uplift and lateral propagation,we can acquire a faster eastward lateral propagation rate of the anticline during the period of 131～16ka,with a rate about 14.6±3.6mm/a; however,since 16ka,the rate reduced to 1.7±0.3mm/a,implying the anticline tip stopped propagating to the east,and growing of the anticline was mainly dominated by lateral limb rotation in late Quaternary.

Key words: Pamir, Mushi anticline, late Quaternary, river terrace, fold growth, lateral propagation

中图分类号:

P315.2

李涛, 陈杰, 肖伟鹏, Burbank D W, 黄明达, Thompson J. 利用变形河流阶地限定帕米尔北缘木什背斜的缩短、隆升和侧向扩展[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(2): 308-322.

LI Tao, CHEN Jie, XIAO Wei-peng, Burbank D W, HUANG Ming-da, Thompson J. USING DEFORMATION TERRACES TO CONFINE THE SHOR-TENING,UPLIFT AND LATERAL PROPAGATION OF THE MUSHI ANTICLINE,NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE PAMIR[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2011, 33(2): 308-322.

参考文献

陈杰,李涛,李文巧,等.2011.帕米尔构造结及邻区的晚新生代构造与现今变形［J］.地震地质,33(2):241-259.
CHEN Jie, LI Tao,LI Wen-qiao,et al.2011.Late Cenozoic and present tectonic deformation in the Pamirs salient, northwestern China［J］.Seismology and Geology, 33(2):241-259(in Chinese).
陈杰,曲国胜,胡军,等.1997.帕米尔北缘弧形推覆构造带东段的基本特征与现代地震活动［J］.地震地质,19(4): 301-312.
CHEN Jie,QU Guo-sheng,HU Jun,et al.1997.Arcuate thrust tectonics and its contemporary seismicity in the eastern section of the external zone of the Pamir ［J］.Seismology and Geology,19(4): 301-312(in Chinese).
陈杰,Scharer K M,Burbank D W,等.2005.利用河流阶地限定活动褶皱的类型和生长机制: 运动学模型［J］.地震地质,27(4): 513-529.
CHEN Jie,Scharer K M,Burbank D W,et al.2005.Kinematic models of fluvial terraces over active folds: Constraints on the growth mechanism and kinematics of the fault-related folds ［J］.Seismology and Geology,27(4): 513-529(in Chinese).
卢华复,王胜利,贾东,等.2002.天山中段南麓的第四纪褶皱作用［J］.科学通报,47(21): 1675-1679.
LU Hua-fu,WANG Sheng-li,JIA Dong,et al.2002.Quaternary folding in the south piedmont of central segment of Tian Shan Mountains ［J］.Chinese Science Bulletin,47(21): 1675-1679(in Chinese).
肖伟鹏,陈杰,李涛,等.2011.帕米尔北缘木什背斜第四纪滑脱褶皱作用与北翼逆断裂的生长［J］.地震地质,33(2):289-307.
XIAO Wei-peng,CHEN Jie,LI Tao,et al.2011.The Quaternary detachment folding and propagation of north limb fault of the Mushi anticline,northern margin of the Pamir ［J］.Seismology and Geology,33(2):289-307(in Chinese).
杨会丽,陈杰,冉勇康,等.2011.汶川8.0级地震小鱼洞地表破裂带古地震事件的光释光测年［J］.地震地质,33(2): 402-412.
YANG Hui-li,CHEN Jie,RAN Yong-kang,et al.2011.Optical dating of paleoearthquake similar to the 12May Wenchuan earthquake,at Xiaoyudong surface ruptures zone ［J］.Seismology and Geology,33(2): 402-412(in Chinese).
尹金辉,陈杰,郑勇刚,等.2001.卡兹克阿尔特断裂带活动特征［J］.中国地震,17: 221-230.
YIN Jin-hui,CHEN Jie,ZHENG Yong-gang,et al.2001.Active characteristics of Kazkeaerte Fault zone ［J］.Earthquake Research in China,17: 221-230(in Chinese).
Bernard S,Avouac J P,Dominguez S,et al.2007.Kinematics of fault-related folding derived from a sandbox experiment ［J］.Journal of Geophysical Research,112: B03S12,112:1-19.doi: 10.1029/2005JB004149.
Bullard T F,Lettis W R.1993.Quaternary fold deformation associated with blind thrust faulting,Los Angeles Basin,California ［J］.Journal of Geophysical Research,98(5): 8349-8369.
Burbank D W,McLean J K,Bullen M,et al.1999.Partitioning of intermontane basins by thrust-related folding,Tianshan,Kyrgyzstan ［J］.Basin Research,11(1): 75-92.doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2117.1999.00086x.
Casas-Sainz A M,Cortes A L,Maestro A.2002.Sequential limb rotation and kink-band migration recorded by growth strata,Almazan Basin,North Spain ［J］.Sedimentary Geology,146(1-2): 25-45.
Chamberlin R T.1910.The Appalachian folds of central Pennsylvania ［J］.Journal of Geology,27: 228-251.
Chen J,Heermance R,Burbank D W,et al.2007.Quantification of growth and lateral propagation of the Kashi anticline,southwest Chinese Tianshan ［J］.Journal of Geophysical Research,112: B03S16.doi: 10.1029/2006JB004345.
Chen Y G,Lai K Y,Lee Y H,et al.2007.Coseismic fold scarps and their kinematic behavior in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake Taiwan ［J］.Journal of Geophysical Research,112: B03S02.doi: 10.1029/2006JB004388.
Daron M,Avouac J P,Charreau J.2007.Modeling the shortening history of a fault tip fold using structural and geomorphic records of deformation ［J］.Journal of Geophysical Research,112:1-19.doi: 10.1029/2006JB004460.
Delcaillau B,Deffontaines B,Floissac L.1998.Morphotectonic evidence from lateral propagation of an active frontal fold: Pakuashan anticline,foothills of Taiwan ［J］.Geomorphology,24(4): 263-290.doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00020-8.
Epard J L,Groshong R H.1993.Excess area and depth to detachment ［J］.AAPG Bull,77(8): 1291-1302.
Fleming S J. 1973. The pre-dose technique: A new thermoluminescence dating method ［J］.Archaeometry,15:13-30.
Hardy S,Poblet J.1994.Geometric and numerical model of progressive limb rotation in detachment folds ［J］.Geology,22(4): 371-374.
Hubert-Ferrari A,Suppe J,Gonzalez-Mieres R,et al.2007.Mechanisms of active folding of the landscape(southern Tian Shan,China)［J］.Journal of Geophysical Research,112:1-39.doi: 10.1029/2006JB004362.
Keller E A,Zepeda R L,Rockwell T K,et al.1998.Active tectonics at Wheeler Ridges,southern San Joaquin Valley,California ［J］.Geological Society of America Bulletin,110(3): 298-310.doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0298: ATAWRS>2.3.CO; 2.
Keller E A,Gurrola L,Tierney T E.1999.Geomorphic criteria to determine direction of lateral propagation of reverse faulting and folding ［J］.Geology,27(6): 515-518.doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0515: GCTDDO>2.3.CO; 2.
Lave J,Avouac J P.2000.Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hills,Himalayas of central Nepal ［J］.Journal of Geophysical Research,105(3): 5735-5770.
Lu Y C,Wang X L,Wintle A G.2007.A new chronology for dust accumulation in the last 130,000yr for the Chinese Loess Plateau ［J］.Quaternary Research,(67): 152-160.
Molnar P,Brown E T,Burchfiel B C,et al.1994.Quaternary climate change and the formation of river terraces across growing anticlines on the north flank of the Tien Shan,China ［J］.Journal of Geology,102(5): 583-602.
Petit J R,Jouzel J, Raynaud D, et al.1999.Climate and atmospheric history of the past 4200,000 years from the Vostok ice core,Antarctica ［J］.Nature,399: 429-436.doi: 10.1038/20859.
Rockwell T K,Keller E A,Dembrof G R.1988.Quaternary rate of folding of the Ventura Avenue anticline,western Transverse Ranges,southern California ［J］.Geological Society of America Bulletin,100: 850-858.
Scharer K M,Burbank D W,Chen J,et al.2006.Kinematic models of fluvial terraces over active detachment fold: Constraints on the growth mechanism of the Kashi-Atushi fold system,Chinese Tian Shan ［J］.Geological Society of America Bulletin,118: 1006-1021.doi: 10.1130/B25835.1.
Simoes M,Avouac J P,Chen Y G,et al.2007.Kinematic analysis of the Pakuashan Fault tip fold,west central Taiwan: Shortening rate and age of folding inception ［J］.Journal of Geophysical Research,112: B03S14.doi: 10.1029/2005JB004198.
Suppe J.1983.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding ［J］.American Journal of Science,283: 684-721.
Suppe J,Medwedef D A.1990.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding ［J］.Ecologae Geol Helv,83(3): 409-454.
Suppe J,Chou G T,Hook S C.1992.Rates of folding and faulting determined from growth strata .In: McClay K,ed.Thrust tectonics.London: Chapman & Hall.
Suppe J,Sabat F,Munoz J A,et al.1997.Bed-by-bed fold growth by kink-band migration: Sant Llorenc de Morunys,eastern Pyrenees ［J］. Journal of Structural Geology,19(3-4): 443-461.
Thompson S C,Weldon R J,Rubin C M,et al.2002.Late Quaternary slip rates across the central Tien Shan,Kyrgyzstan,central Asia ［J］.Journal of Geophysical Research,107(B9):2203.doi: 10.1029/2001JB000596.
Zapata T R,Allmendinger R W.1996.Growth stratal records of instantaneous and progressive limb rotation in the Precordillera thrust belt and Bermejo Basin ［J］.Argentina Tectonics,15: 1065-1083.
Zubovich A V,Wang X Q,Scherba Y G,et al.2010.GPS velocity field of the Tien Shan and surrounding regions ［J］.Tectonics,29: TC6014.doi: 10.1029/2010TC002772.

[1]	刘庆, 刘韶, 张世民. 大凉山断裂带中段越西断裂晚第四纪古地震[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(2): 321-337.
[2]	左玉琦, 杨海波, 杨晓平, 詹艳, 李安, 孙翔宇, 胡宗凯. 阿拉善地块南缘北大山断裂的晚第四纪构造活动证据[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(2): 355-376.
[3]	原浩东, 李安, 黄伟亮, 胡宗凯, 左玉琦, 杨晓平. 西准噶尔地区托里断裂晚第四纪构造变形[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(1): 49-66.
[4]	张伟恒, 陈杰, 李涛, 邸宁, 姚远. 龙门山前陆冲断带南段三苏场背斜晚第四纪变形速率[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(6): 1351-1364.
[5]	张秀丽, 熊建国, 张培震, 刘晴日, 姚勇, 钟岳志, 张会平, 李有利. 中更新世晚期以来中条山北麓断层滑动速率研究[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(6): 1403-1420.
[6]	冯晶晶, 赵勇伟, 李霓, 陈正全, 王丽竹, 刘永顺, 聂保锋, 张学斌. 琼北晚第四纪火山锥体形貌与喷发机制[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(5): 1107-1127.
[7]	沈军, 戴训也, 肖淳, 焦轩凯, 白其乐格尔, 邓梅, 刘泽众, 夏方华, 刘玉, 刘明. 夏垫西断裂的晚第四纪活动性[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(4): 909-924.
[8]	徐伟, 刘志成, 王继, 高战武, 尹金辉. 西藏阿里地区喀喇昆仑断裂断错地貌及最近强震活动时代的初步研究[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(4): 925-943.
[9]	张驰, 李智敏, 任治坤, 刘金瑞, 张志亮, 武登云. 日月山断裂南段晚第四纪活动特征[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(1): 1-19.
[10]	常昊, 常祖峰, 刘昌伟. 金沙江断裂带活动与大型滑坡群的关系研究:以金沙江拿荣—绒学段为例[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(6): 1435-1458.
[11]	杨晨艺, 李晓妮, 冯希杰, 朱琳, 李苗, 张恩会. 渭河盆地北缘口镇-关山断层的晚第四纪—现今的活动性[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(3): 504-520.
[12]	梁明剑, 杨耀, 杜方, 宫悦, 孙玮, 赵敏, 何强. 青海达日断裂中段晚第四纪活动性与1947年M73/4地震地表破裂带再研究[J]. 地震地质, 2020, 42(3): 703-714.
[13]	梁明剑, 陈立春, 冉勇康, 李彦宝, 王栋, 高帅坡, 韩明明, 曾蒂. 鲜水河断裂带雅拉河段晚第四纪活动性[J]. 地震地质, 2020, 42(2): 513-525.
[14]	李彦宝, 陈立春, 王虎, 曾蒂, 刘成龙. 雅鲁藏布江断裂带昂仁段晚第四纪活动证据[J]. 地震地质, 2019, 41(5): 1091-1104.
[15]	李光涛, 苏刚, 程理, 李峰, 吴昊. 中甸-大具断裂南东段晚第四纪活动的地质地貌证据[J]. 地震地质, 2019, 41(3): 545-560.

利用变形河流阶地限定帕米尔北缘木什背斜的缩短、隆升和侧向扩展

USING DEFORMATION TERRACES TO CONFINE THE SHOR-TENING,UPLIFT AND LATERAL PROPAGATION OF THE MUSHI ANTICLINE,NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE PAMIR

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价