关键词: GIS, 活断层探测, 信息管理系统

Abstract: Urban earthquake disaster is mainly caused by abrupt rupturing of active fault.The seismic active fault database on active fault location,slip rates,and earthquake recurrence intervals can help the community effectively reduce earthquake losses,protect against loss of life and damage to property.In United States,New Zealand and other countries,some active fault databases have been built and they provide users with full and open information.In China,the first active tectonics database was built in early 1996.Nowadays,the development of urban active fault exploration makes it possible and necessary to construct an urban active fault information management system(UAFIMS).The UAFIMS aims to construct the basic databases of seismic active faults and their associated hazards as well as the GIS of seismic active fault hazards by utilizing high-performance computer and with the combination of the integrated secondary development of various commercial software.The databases and GIS will be used for urban planning and land use,major project siting,fortification against earthquake,architecture protection,rapid assessment of disaster,government decision-making,and the emergency relief during earthquake by the command departments.We adopt the object-oriented design ideas and method to devise the system,using prototype model for development and object-oriented software technology in VB to invoke ArcGIS background Arc-Objects components library for the integrated secondary development.The system uses C/S model in the LAN and B/S model in the WAN.It has a three-tier structure including user interface,applications and database.The database of exploration results of urban active faults is managed by the ways of classification,tiered storage and thematic organization enquiry,which contains the basic geographic information,geochemical exploration results,electromagnetic sounding data,ground-probing radar sounding data,shallow seismic reflection,deep seismic sounding profiles,as well as drilling data.As a spatial multimedia entity database for data integration,it is a collection of spatial geographical information,image information,text information and data information,and etc.Catering to the needs of results of major fault exploration and seismic hazard assessment projects,the system is designed with the concept of sufficiently displaying the various exploration results and being convenient for users to use and inquire.The application layer can be divided into three types of functions,that is,result displaying and consulting module,professional data analysis and calculation module,and system maintenance module.The system provides users with professional usage habits and simple graphical interface operation,and takes into account,as much as possible,the coordination of system interface to both the local area network and the wide area network.Based on the database of the urban active faults,and supported from spatial analysis,the UAFIMS incorporates geological,geophysical and geochemical data,and comprehensive enquiries and thematic analysis together,and possesses the functions of classification,inquiry,display and analysis,and etc.of the results of active fault exploration and interpretation.The fulfillment of the system provides a solid foundation and technological platform for the quantitative study of active faults,and it also offers scientific basis for urban planning and earthquake disaster reduction.

Key words: active faults, GIS spatial database, spatial analysis