苍山-尼山断裂的现今构造活动及其对民居建筑的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.06.012

地震地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 1426-1443.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.06.012

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

苍山-尼山断裂的现今构造活动及其对民居建筑的影响

王一鹰¹⁾(), 孙茜茜²⁾^,^*(), 朱猛³⁾, 王纪强⁴⁾, 时丕龙³⁾, 王华林⁴⁾

¹⁾ 广州地铁设计研究院, 510000 广州
²⁾ 铁塔能源有限公司山东分公司, 250000 济南
³⁾ 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院数字地球重点实验室, 100094 北京
⁴⁾ 山东省地震局, 250014 济南

收稿日期:2024-01-11 修回日期:2024-06-30 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-01-22
通讯作者: *孙茜茜, 女, 1991年生, 硕士, 建筑师, 主要从事工程建筑设计、基础处理和断层危害性评价的理论与应用研究工作, E-mail: 249745993@qq.com。
作者简介:
王一鹰, 男, 1990年生, 2016年于德国安哈尔特高等专业学院获建筑学专业硕士学位, 建筑师, 主要从事工程建筑设计、基础处理和断层危害性评价的理论与应用研究工作, E-mail: 738258875@qq.com。
基金资助:
山东省防震减灾“十三五”规划项目(SD135-2-3)

CURRENT TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF THE CANGSHAN-NISHAN FAULT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DAMAGE

WANG Yi-ying¹⁾(), SUN Xi-xi²⁾^,^*(), ZHU Meng³⁾, WANG Ji-qiang⁴⁾, SHI Pi-long³⁾, WANG Hua-lin⁴⁾

¹⁾ Guangzhou Metro Design and Research Institute, Guangzhou 510000, China
²⁾ Tower Energy Co., Ltd. Shandong Branch, Jinan 250000, China
³⁾ Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
⁴⁾ Shandong Earthquake Agency, Jinan 250014, China

Received:2024-01-11 Revised:2024-06-30 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2025-01-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

NW走向的苍山-尼山断裂(简称苍尼断裂)延伸170km, 其晚第四纪的活动构造变形及地震活动引起了广泛关注。文中以山东省临沂市平邑县白彦镇官庄村的民居建筑破坏实地考察资料为基础, 通过苍尼断裂晚第四纪构造地貌测量与活动性鉴定、断层泥中石英碎粒表面结构(SEM)鉴定和断层泥的粒度分布分析、 InSAR时序分析、公元前179年“齐楚地震”考证与发震构造讨论、以往震害调查和数值模拟研究等成果, 探讨了官庄村民居建筑破坏情况及其与苍尼断裂的关系、民居建筑破坏成因与防御措施等问题。研究结果表明: 1)苍尼断裂的最新活动时代为全新世早期, 破裂方式黏滑兼蠕滑, 具有细粒度成分和高分维值的断层泥有利于断层蠕滑运动; 2)官庄村的民居建筑破坏正好位于左旋走滑的苍尼断裂带上, 表现为房屋基础和墙体开裂, 裂缝沿NW走向分布, 具有典型构造裂缝的特征, 公元前179年发生的“齐楚7级地震”的震中也正好位于该区域, 也是苍尼断裂晚第四纪构造地貌特征最明显、断错地层最新和运动量最大的位置; 3)InSAR观测结果显示, 苍尼断裂带现今具有左旋走滑运动特征, 其现今活动很有可能引起了近地表的蠕滑构造作用; 4)苍尼断裂带左旋走滑蠕滑变形、断层两盘断层结构和地层结构差异性、断层两盘应力分布和变形特征差异性及断层泥膨胀作用等是导致白彦镇官庄村民居建筑破坏的主要原因。文中研究提供了活动断层带现今构造变形(蠕滑变形作用)造成建筑物破坏的一个典型案例, 证明活动断层空间展布的精确定位和活动性鉴定是工程建设选址中的关键问题, 对活动断层的合理避让和建筑抗震设计都具有重要参考价值。

关键词: 断层蠕滑变形, 地裂缝, 民居建筑破坏, InSAR时序分析, 苍山-尼山断裂

Abstract:

The NW-trending Cangshan-Nishan(Cang-Ni) Fault, extending 170km, exhibits significant tectonic deformation and seismic activity in the late Quaternary, attracting considerable attention. This study investigates the relationship between residential building damage in Guanzhuang village, Baiyan town, Pingyi county, Shandong Province, and the activity of the Cang-Ni Fault. Based on field investigations, geomorphological measurements, fault activity identification, surface structure analysis of quartz fragments in fault gouge(SEM), particle size distribution analysis, InSAR time-series analysis, historical research on the 179BC M7 Qichu earthquake, and previous earthquake damage studies, the following conclusions were drawn: 1)Severe structural damage with left-lateral displacement of 0.5-2cm was observed in buildings along the main Cang-Ni Fault, with cracks originating at foundations and decreasing in scale upward. In contrast, buildings along secondary faults experienced relatively minor damage. Foundation cracks in the main fault zone were wide and numerous, propagating upwards to narrower wall fissures, indicative of structural failure. 2)Damaged buildings in Guanzhuang village align with the left-lateral strike-slip zone of the Cang-Ni Fault, coinciding with the epicenter of the 179BC M7 Qichu earthquake. This area represents the hub of late Quaternary fault activity, characterized by significant displacement and recent faulting strata. 3)SEM analysis of quartz fragments suggests that the Cang-Ni Fault's latest activity occurred in the early Holocene, with a combination of stick-slip and creep-slip mechanisms. Particle size analysis revealed a high proportion(36%-43%)of ultra-fine particles(<0.001mm)and fractal dimension values of 2.817-2.857, favoring fault creep. 4)InSAR data confirm ongoing sinistral strike-slip movement of the Cang-Ni Fault, indicating surface creep deformation. 5)Damage to residential buildings is attributed to the sinistral strike-slip and reverse-thrust creep deformation of the fault, stratigraphic and structural differences across fault walls, uneven stress distribution, and swelling effects of fault gouge. This research provides a case study of building damage caused by active fault creep, emphasizing the importance of precise identification and spatial mapping of active faults for seismic design and site selection in engineering projects. The findings offer valuable insights for mitigating seismic hazards in fault zones.

Key words: Fault creeping, ground fissures, damage of residential buildings, InSAR time-series analysis, Cangshan-Nishan Fault

王一鹰, 孙茜茜, 朱猛, 王纪强, 时丕龙, 王华林. 苍山-尼山断裂的现今构造活动及其对民居建筑的影响[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(6): 1426-1443.

WANG Yi-ying, SUN Xi-xi, ZHU Meng, WANG Ji-qiang, SHI Pi-long, WANG Hua-lin. CURRENT TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF THE CANGSHAN-NISHAN FAULT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DAMAGE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(6): 1426-1443.

图/表 11

图1 研究区断裂构造解译图图中显示了沿苍尼断裂带被破坏的居民建筑及“齐楚地震”的震中位置, 底图为AW3D 30m DEM图像。CNF 苍山-尼山断裂; WSF 汶泗断裂; DLF 独角-梁丘断裂; FSF 凫山断裂; TZF 陶枣断裂; YCF 峄城断裂; TGF 铜石-甘霖断裂; XMF 新泰-蒙阴断裂; MSF 蒙山山前断裂; TSF 铜冶店-孙祖断裂; YTF 沂水-汤头断裂; ALF 安丘-莒县断裂

Fig. 1 Interpretation map of fault structure in the study area.

图2 民居建筑破坏实地考察点、地质剖面位置与苍尼断裂带分布图 CNF为苍尼断裂主断层(左旋走滑断层), f1和f2为次级断层(CNF北东盘为第四系, CNF与f1之间为太古界花岗片麻岩, f1与f2之间为寒武系泥岩、泥灰岩), 蓝色方块a—g为民居建筑破坏考察点, 分别对应于图4a—g; 黑三角为次级断层考察点

Fig. 2 Location of the investigation sites of damaged buildings and geological profiles along Cang-Ni fault zone.

图3 1995年和2014年拍摄的白彦镇官庄村民居建筑破坏与苍尼断裂关系对比情况 a 1995年拍摄; b 2014年拍摄。Q 第四系砂质亚黏土层; Art 太古代花岗片麻岩。红线之间为断层破碎带(断层泥), 箭头代表断层错动方向

Fig. 3 Photos showing damaged building and the location of Cang-Ni fault in Guanzhuang village, Baiyan town(taken in 1995 and 2014).

图4 房屋墙体裂缝和地面裂缝照片(位置见图2中的a—g) a 图2中a处的照片; b 图2中b处的照片; c 图2中c处的照片; d 图2中d处的照片; e 图2中e处的照片; f 图2中f处的照片; g 图2中g处的照片

Fig. 4 Photographs showing cracks developed on the wall and floor(see Fig. 2a—g for the location of photos).

图5 官庄村周边2017—2022年间的LOS方向地表形变速率图红色表示沿LOS方向靠近卫星, 蓝色表示沿LOS方向远离卫星, 五角星为村民居建筑破坏位置

Fig. 5 Ground deformation rate along Line-of-Sight direction from 2017 to 2022 in Guanzhuang village and its surroundings.

图6 InSAR测量值沿地表断裂方向的分解

Fig. 6 The decompositions of InSAR measurement along Cangshan-Nishan Fault.

图7 苍尼断裂三维DEM图像白彦盆地一带表现为非常明显的活动断裂线性陡坎地貌特征, 沿断裂可观察到一些典型构造地质剖面

Fig. 7 3D DEM image showing a remarkable fault scarp around the Baiyan town.

图8 白彦镇官庄村一带无人机高精度DEM图像 a DEM图像清晰地显示出活动断裂的线性陡坎地貌, 沿断裂出现民居住宅开裂现象; b 横穿活动断裂的地形剖面, 显示断层陡坎高约3.1m

Fig. 8 The high-resolution DEM image generated from UAV around the Guanzhuang village of Baiyan town.

图9 防山乡大官庄苍尼断裂剖面(图7中F剖面, 据刘玉刚等, 2013) ①黄褐色砂土; ②太古代片麻岩; ③断层带; 灰绿色断层泥夹定向排列砾石; ④热释光样品

Fig. 9 Outcrop of Cang-Ni fault near Daguanzhuang vilage, Fangshan town (F-section in Fig. 7, after LIU Yu-gang et al., 2013).

图10 赵沙沟村西苍尼断裂剖面图(图7中的Z剖面, 据晁洪太等, 1992) ①含亚砂土; ②砾砂黏土; ③灰岩及其变形带; ④花岗岩及破碎影响带; ⑤浅黄色断层泥、灰岩透镜体及花岗质角砾带; ⑥紫红色断层泥及角砾带

Fig. 10 Outcrop of the Cang-Ni fault near west Zhaoshayu village (Z-section in Fig.7, after CHAO Hong-tai et al., 1992).

图11 官庄村苍尼断裂带中断层与民居建筑墙体裂缝的对应关系素描图 F1—F4为断层, c1—c4为墙体裂缝。①黄褐色亚黏土; ②黄褐色砂层; ③断层泥与砂层混合; ④紫红色断层泥; ⑤碎粉岩; ⑥碎裂岩。图中黑色圆圈为测年样品取样位置, 黑色方形为断层泥样品的取样位置

Fig. 11 Geological sketch showing the relationship between faults of the Cang-Ni fault zone and wall cracks of residential building in Guanzhuang village.

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苍山-尼山断裂的现今构造活动及其对民居建筑的影响

CURRENT TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF THE CANGSHAN-NISHAN FAULT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DAMAGE

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