考虑速度频散的地震动场模拟及其对地震危险性分析的意义

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.06.011

地震地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 1408-1425.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.06.011

考虑速度频散的地震动场模拟及其对地震危险性分析的意义

张琰¹⁾(), 纪志伟²⁾, 翟鸿宇¹⁾, 伍纯昊³⁾

¹⁾ 中国地震局地球物理研究所, 北京 100081
²⁾ 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京 100036
³⁾ 山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室, 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 成都 610041

收稿日期:2024-02-16 修回日期:2024-04-28 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-01-22
作者简介:
张琰, 男, 1993年生, 2022年于中国地震局地球物理研究所获固体地球物理学专业博士学位, 现为中国地震局地球物理研究所助理研究员, 主要研究方向为地震学与地震危险性评估, E-mail: zhangyan@cea-igp.ac.cn。
基金资助:
中国地震局地球物理研究所基本科研业务专项(DQJB22K48); 中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务专项(CEAIEF20240215)

GROUND MOTION SIMULATION CONSIDERING VELOCITY DISPERSION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT

ZHANG Yan¹⁾(), JI Zhi-wei²⁾, ZHAI Hong-yu¹⁾, WU Chun-hao³⁾

¹⁾ Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, China
²⁾ Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China
³⁾ Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China

Received:2024-02-16 Revised:2024-04-28 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2025-01-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地震危险性评估对于确定工程抗震设防等级、制定城市规划、减轻地震灾害及地震引发的滑坡、泥石流等其他灾害具有重要意义。在地震波场传播过程中, 能够造成波场能量衰减的因素包括多角度散射、频散及球面扩散。针对震后的地震动场空间分布特征开展数值模拟时, 是否考虑这3项因素对于实际计算结果有着直接影响。文中以地震波场在滞弹性介质中的物理频散特征为讨论对象, 通过模拟计算情景地震在简单一维模型中引起的波场频散及地震动时程分布, 讨论频散对地震动场空间分布及地震危险性分析的影响。然后, 以2021年漾濞 M_S6.4 地震为例, 进一步分析滞弹性介质的物理频散对地震危险性分析的意义。在经典地震动参数预测方程(GMPE)的基础上, 基于物理的地震动模拟对于进一步获得更加可靠的地震动水平及地震危险性的物理评估都具有重要意义。

关键词: 物理频散, 能量衰减, 地震动场模拟, 2021年云南漾濞M_S6.4地震, 基于物理的地震危险性评估

Abstract:

Seismic hazard assessment is crucial for determining engineering fortification levels, guiding urban planning, mitigating earthquake disasters, and addressing secondary hazards such as landslides and mudslides triggered by earthquakes. Energy attenuation during seismic wave propagation is influenced by multi-angle scattering, physical dispersion, and geometric spreading. When conducting numerical simulations of post-earthquake ground motion, accounting for these factors significantly affects the accuracy of hazard assessments.

This paper examines the physical dispersion characteristics of seismic waves in viscoelastic media. Through simulations of velocity dispersion and seismic wave time distribution in a simple one-dimensional model, we explore the impact of dispersion on the spatial distribution of seismic motion and its implications for seismic hazard assessment. A case study of the 2021 Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake further illustrates the importance of considering physical dispersion in seismic hazard analysis.

In contrast to traditional ground motion prediction equations(GMPE), physics-based simulations of ground motion provide more reliable estimates of seismic hazard levels and enhance the accuracy of hazard assessments. It is well-established that, excluding site effects, peak ground motion parameters on bedrock decrease with increasing epicentral distance. However, considering the wave field dispersion characteristics reveals that peak ground motion parameters do not always decrease monotonically with distance; in some cases, they may even slightly increase. This highlights the complexity of seismic wave propagation through viscoelastic media. Further validation of these findings through refined, scenario-based numerical simulations is necessary.

Additionally, with increasing epicentral distance, the amplitude of ground motion time histories decreases, while their duration increases. This low-frequency, long-duration seismic motion may be amplified under specific site conditions, such as in basins. The influence of the non-uniform viscoelastic medium results in varying attenuation rates for horizontal peak ground motion parameters at different angles. The findings of this study have important implications for national security, critical infrastructure, unconventional energy development, and secondary hazards such as landslides and mudslides. The integration of source physics, seismic wave theory, medium structure imaging, and structural stress analysis is essential for improving the accuracy and reliability of seismic hazard assessments.

Key words: physical dispersion, energy attenuation, ground motion simulation, 2021 Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake, physics-based seismic hazard assessment

张琰, 纪志伟, 翟鸿宇, 伍纯昊. 考虑速度频散的地震动场模拟及其对地震危险性分析的意义[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(6): 1408-1425.

ZHANG Yan, JI Zhi-wei, ZHAI Hong-yu, WU Chun-hao. GROUND MOTION SIMULATION CONSIDERING VELOCITY DISPERSION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(6): 1408-1425.

图/表 10

图1 2个固定点之间的5阶振型

Fig. 1 A diagram of fifth-order mode between two fixed points.

图2 传播介质图示

Fig. 2 A scheme of transmission media.

图3 不同振型的相速度(a)、群速度(b)、衰减(c)及能量(d)随频率的变化(截止频率为1Hz)

Fig. 3 Representation of phase velocity(a), group velocity(b), anelastic attenuation(c) and energy integral with 1Hz cut-off frequency.

图4 走向、倾角、滑动角分别为80°、 30°、 10°, 深度7km, 震级 MW6.5 的情景地震引起的地表峰值运动参数随震中距离的衰减 R 径向; Z 垂向; T 切向

Fig. 4 Attenuation of radial, vertical and transverse peak ground parameters with increment of epicentral distance produced by a scenario earthquake with strike/dip/slip set as 80°/30°/10°, depth 7km, and moment magnitude 6.5.

图5 径向(R)、垂向(Z)和切向(T)模拟地表运动参数随震中距的变化 a 径向(R)、垂向(Z)和切向(T)模拟地表位移随震中距的变化; b 径向(R)、垂向(Z)和切向(T)模拟地表速度随震中距的变化; c 径向(R)、垂向(Z)和切向(T)模拟地表加速度随震中距的变化

Fig. 5 Radial, vertical and transverse synthetic ground motion parameters versus epicentral distance increment.

图6 漾濞地震震中位置及周边的5个观测台站位置

Fig. 6 Location of the epicenter of 2021 Yangbi MW6.1 earthquake, as well as 5 seismic stations.

表1 2021年漾濞 MS6.4 地震震源参数

Table1 Source parameters of 2021 Yangbi MS6.4 earthquake

震中	25.62°N, 100.01°E
震级	M_W6.1
矩心深度	15.1km
走向/倾角/滑动角	314°/83°/170°

图7 考虑波场衰减特征计算的峰值地表参数分布图 a 截止频率为1Hz时的峰值地表参数分布图; b 截止频率为10Hz时的峰值地表参数分布图

Fig. 7 Peak ground parameters based on characteristics of attenuation of wavefield.

表2 震中附近强震观测台站

Table2 Strong-ground motion stations around the epicenter

台站	代码	东经/(°)	北纬/(°)	场地	震中距/km	PGA/cm·s^-2
永平台	53YPX	99.5	25.5	土层	58.16	17.78
宾川台	53BCJ	100.6	25.8	土层	68.47	10.94
六库台	53LKT	98.9	25.8	基岩	124.82	0.4575
施甸台	53SDX	99.2	24.7	土层	136.06	21.41
仁和镇台	53YRH	101.0	26.5	土层	147.03	2.01

图8 记录到的水平最大加速度随震中距的变化(蓝色线) 红色条带表示模拟的误差区间

Fig. 8 The recorded maximum horizontal acceleration varies with the distance from the epicenter(blue line).

参考文献 29

[1]	陈鲲, 王永哲, 席楠, 等. 2021. 2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震的地震动强度图[J]. 地震地质, 43(4): 899—907. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2021.04.010.
	CHEN Kun, WANG Yong-zhe, XI Nan, et al. 2021. Earthquake ground motion intensity map of the 21 May, 2021 M_S6.4 Yangbi, Yunnan earthquake[J]. Seismology and Geology, 43(4): 899—907(in Chinese). DOI
[2]	程佳, 徐锡伟, 陈桂华. 2020. 基于特大地震发生率的川滇地区地震危险性预测新模型[J]. 地球物理学报, 63(3): 1170—1182. DOI
	CHENG Jia, XU Xi-wei, CHEN Gui-hua. 2020. A new prediction model of seismic hazard for the Sichuan-Yunnan region based on the occurrence rate of large earthquakes[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 63(3): 1170—1182(in Chinese).
[3]	李金臣, 潘华, 吴健, 等. 2007. 不同超越概率水平PGA关系研究[J]. 震灾防御技术, 2(2): 207—211.
	LI Jin-chen, PAN Hua, WU Jian, et al. 2007. Study on relationship between peak ground acceleration and different exceeding probability[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2(2): 207—211(in Chinese).
[4]	王文强, 李懿龙, 张振国, 等. 2023. 2022年9月5日泸定M6.8地震灾害损失快速评估[J]. 中国科学(地球科学), 53(6): 1342—1352.
	WANG Wen-qiang, LI Yi-long, ZHANG Zhen-guo, et al. 2023. Rapid estimation of disaster losses for the M6.8 Luding earthquake on September 5, 2022[J]. Scientia Sinica(Terrae), 53(6): 1342—1352(in Chinese).
[5]	王月, 胡少乾, 何骁慧, 等. 2021. 2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震序列重定位及震源机制研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 64(12): 4510—4525. DOI
	WANG Yue, HU Shao-qian, HE Xiao-hui, et al. 2021. Relocation and focal mechanism solutions of the 21 May 2021 M_S6.4 Yunnan Yangbi earthquake sequence[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 64(12): 4510—4525(in Chinese).
[6]	吴浩, 入倉孝次郎, 林国良. 2023. 基于经验格林函数法的2021年 M_S6.4 漾濞地震近场强地震动模拟[J]. 地震地质, 45(4): 864—879. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.04.004.
	WU Hao, Irikura K, LIN Guo-liang. 2023. The Empirical Green's Function-based simulation of near-field strong ground motions of the 2021 Yangbi earthquake(M_S6.4), Yunnan, China[J]. Seismology and Geology, 45(4): 864—879(in Chinese). DOI
[7]	杨百存, 秦四清, 薛雷, 等. 2017. 雄安新区地震危险性评估[J]. 地球物理学报, 60(12): 4644—4654. DOI
	YANG Bai-cun, QIN Si-qing, XUE Lei, et al. 2017. Seismic hazard assessment in Xiong'an New Area[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 60(12): 4644—4654(in Chinese).
[8]	易桂喜, 闻学泽, 辛华, 等. 2013. 龙门山断裂带南段应力状态与强震危险性研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 56(4): 1112—1120.
	YI Gui-xi, WEN Xue-ze, XIN Hua, et al. 2013. Stress state and major-earthquake risk on the southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 56(4): 1112—1120(in Chinese).
[9]	张珂, 王鑫, 杨红缨, 等. 2023. 2021年云南漾濞 M_S6.4 地震序列特征及其发震构造分析[J]. 地震地质, 45(1): 231—251. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.01.013.
	ZHANG Ke, WANG Xin, YANG Hong-ying, et al. 2023. The characteristics and seismogenic structure analysis of the 2021 Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake sequence, Yunnan[J]. Seismology and Geology, 45(1): 231—251(in Chinese). DOI
[10]	张斌, 李小军, 荣棉水, 等. 2021. 云南漾濞 M_S6.4 地震强震动特征和震害分析[J]. 地震地质, 43(5): 1127—1139. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2021.05.006.
	ZHANG Bin, LI Xiao-jun, RONG Mian-shui, et al. 2021. Analysis of strong ground motion characteristics and earthquake damage for the Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake, Yunnan[J]. Seismology and Geology, 43(5): 1127—1139(in Chinese). DOI
[11]	朱多林, 白超英. 2011. 基于波动方程理论的地震波场数值模拟方法综述[J]. 地球物理学进展, 26(5): 1588—1599.
	ZHU Duo-lin, BAI Chao-ying. 2011. Review on the seismic wavefield forward modeling[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 26(5): 1588—1599(in Chinese).
[12]	Chowdhury R, Sarma S K, Flentje P. 2006. Seismic landslide hazard assessment-Analytical and observation approaches[C]. First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Geneva, Switzerland, 3-8 September 2006.
[13]	Futterman W I. 1962. Dispersive body waves[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 67(13): 5279—5291.
[14]	Gusev A A. 1983. Descriptive statistical model of earthquake source radiation and its application to an estimation of short-period strong motion[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 74(3): 787—808.
[15]	La Mura C, Yanovskaya T B, Romanelli F, et al. 2011. Three-dimensional seismic wave propagation by modal summation: Method and validation[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 168(1-2): 201—216.
[16]	McGuire R K. 2007. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis: Early history[J]. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 37(3): 329—338.
[17]	Moczo P, Kristek J, Galis M. 2014. The Finite-difference Modelling of Earthquake Motions[M]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[18]	Panza G F. 1985. Synthetic seismograms: The Rayleigh waves modal summation[J]. Journal of Geophysics, 58(1): 125—145.
[19]	Panza G F, Kossobokov V G, Laor E, et al. 2022. Earthquakes and Sustainable Infrastructure: Neodeterministic(NDSHA)Approach Guarantees Prevention Rather than Cure[M]. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
[20]	Panza G F, La Mura C, Peresan A, et al. 2012. Seismic hazard scenarios as preventive tools for a disaster resilient society[J]. Advances in Geophysics, 53: 93—165.
[21]	Panza G F, Romanelli F, Vaccari F. 2001. Seismic wave propagation in laterally heterogeneous anelastic media: Theory and applications to seismic zonation[J]. Advances in Geophysics, 43: 1—95.
[22]	Paolucci R, Gatti F, Infantino M, et al. 2018. Broadband ground motions from 3D physics-based numerical simulations using artificial neural networks[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 108(3A): 1272—1286.
[23]	Priolo E. 1999. 2-D spectral element simulations of destructive ground shaking in Catania(Italy)[J]. Journal of Seismology, 3: 289—309.
[24]	Schwab F A, Knopoff L. 1972. Fast surface wave and free mode computation[J]. Methods in Computational Physics: Advances in Research and Applications, 11: 87—180.
[25]	Yang H Y, Zhao L, Hung S H. 2010. Synthetic seismograms by normal-mode summation: A new derivation and numerical examples[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 183(3): 1613—1632.
[26]	Zhang Y, Romanelli F, Vaccari F, et al. 2021. Seismic hazard maps based on Neo-deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment for China Seismic Experimental Site and its adjacent areas[J]. Engineering Geology, 291:106208.
[27]	Zhang Y, Wu Z L, Romanelli F, et al. 2022. Time-dependent seismic hazard assessment based on the Annual Consultation: A case of the China Seismic Experimental Site[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 179(11): 4103—4119.
[28]	Zhang Y, Wu Z L, Romanelli F, et al. 2023. Earthquake early warning system(EEWS)empowered by Time-dependent Neo-deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment(T-NDSHA)[J]. Terra Nova, 35(3): 230—239.
[29]	Zhang Z G, Zhang W, Chen X F, et al. 2017. Rupture dynamics and ground motion from potential earthquakes around Taiyuan, China[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 107(3): 1201—1212.

考虑速度频散的地震动场模拟及其对地震危险性分析的意义

GROUND MOTION SIMULATION CONSIDERING VELOCITY DISPERSION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 29

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价