2021年5月21日云南漾濞MS6.4地震序列双差重定位及其构造意义

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.05.005

地震地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1066-1090.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.05.005

2021年5月21日云南漾濞M_S6.4地震序列双差重定位及其构造意义

许永强¹⁾(), 雷建设²⁾^,^*(), 胡晓辉³⁾

¹⁾ 山西大同大学, 煤炭工程学院, 大同 037000
²⁾ 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院, 地壳动力学重点实验室, 北京 100085
³⁾ 中国科学技术大学, 地球和空间科学学院, 合肥 230026

收稿日期:2024-02-23 修回日期:2024-08-14 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-11-22
通讯作者: *雷建设, 男, 1969年生, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事地震波层析成像理论与应用研究, E-mail: jshlei_cj@126.com
作者简介:
许永强, 男, 1998年生, 现为山西大同大学资源与环境专业在读硕士研究生, 主要从事小地震精定位、震源机制解研究, E-mail: xuyongqiang_sx@163.com。
基金资助:
青藏高原第2次科学考察项目(2019QZKK0708); 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院科技创新团队(2023-JBKY-55); 国家自然科学基金(U1939206)

DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE RELOCATION OF YUNNAN YANGBI M_S6.4 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE ON MAY 21, 2021 AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

XU Yong-qiang¹⁾(), LEI Jian-she²⁾^,^*(), HU Xiao-hui³⁾

¹⁾ School of Coal Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037000, China
²⁾ Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics, National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China
³⁾ School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Received:2024-02-23 Revised:2024-08-14 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-11-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文中基于2021年5月1日—2022年6月18日中国地震台网中心收集的2021年5月21日云南漾濞 M_S6.4 地震序列的相关数据, 利用双差定位法进行了重新定位, 得到了2 681个精定位地震事件。结果表明, 漾濞地震序列的扩展方向为NW-SE向, 长约32km, 但并非简单的单侧扩展, 而是呈西北窄、东南宽的雁列状分布结构特征, 且发震优势深度为5~10km。前震有明显的空间迁移特征, 且主震南、北两侧的地震活动差异性明显。这些地震在EW向、 SN向、垂直向的平均定位误差约为0.47km、 0.50km和0.62km, 平均均方根走时残差约为0.22s。采用gCAP全波形反演方法获得该地震序列主断裂上M_S≥4.0主要地震事件的震源机制解, 结果显示出明显的右旋走滑分量。利用基于小地震反演断层面参数的方法, 通过拟合获得了发震断层面的参数, 发现主断层面走向在126°~137° 之间变化, 且由北至南走向逐渐增大, 倾向SW, 倾角为79°~87°, 由北至南倾角逐渐变小。结合该区域的构造应力场及前人的近震层析成像结果推测, 漾濞地震的发震构造为漾濞县城西南山地区域中NW-SE走向的高倾角走滑断裂系, 该断裂系由一条走滑主断层和多条次级斜交小断层组成, 且该地区的地震活动可能受区域应力与深部流体作用共同影响。

关键词: 漾濞地震, 地震序列, 双差定位, 震源机制解, 发震构造

Abstract:

At 21:48 on May 21, 2021(Beijing time), the M_S6.4 earthquake occurred in western Town(25.700°N, 99.880°E), Yangbi County, Dali, Yunnan Province, with a focal depth of 10km(China Earthquake Networks Center). The Yangbi earthquake is a typical type of foreshock-mainshock-aftershock earthquake, which had a significant impact on the local residents and attracted great attention from society. To better understand the seismogenic structure and mechanism of this earthquake, the present study relocates the May 21, 2021 Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake sequence, collected from the China Earthquake Networks Center from 2021 to June 18, 2022. Finally, 2681 precisely located events are obtained through the double-difference relocation algorithm. Our results show that the Yangbi earthquake sequence extended for about 32km, mainly along the NW-SE direction, and it is an overall echelon structure changing from narrow in the northwest to broad in the southeast. The dominant depth of the earthquake sequence is 5-10km. The foreshocks were mainly active in the northern section of this earthquake sequence, with the mainshock being a unilateral rupture. The aftershocks primarily extended in the southeast direction, but the southeast extension process was not simply a unilateral extension. Multiple secondary oblique activity sequences were derived on the west side of the sequence. With the continuous release of stress in the study area, only the main rupture continued to be active in the southeastern section of the sequence in the later stage of activity. Still, the secondary oblique ruptures that evolved was no longer active. The average location errors of these earthquakes are about 0.47km in the east-west direction, about 0.50km in the north-south direction, and 0.62km in the vertical direction, and the average RMS travel-time residual is 0.22s.

This study collects broadband digital seismic waveform data of earthquakes with M_S≥4.0 on the main fault of the earthquake sequence recorded by regional seismic networks in Yunnan, Sichuan, and other areas from the International Earthquake Science Data Center. The focal mechanism solutions of the major earthquake events are obtained using the gCAP full waveform inversion method. The results show that the focal mechanism solutions of earthquakes with M_S≥4.0 on the main fault all have an NW-SE oriented nodal plane I, consistent with the dominant distribution of the NW-SE oriented sequence. Except for the nodal plane I of the Yangbi M_S5.6 earthquake, which has a northeast dipping angle, all other focal mechanism solutions have a southwest dipping nodal plane I, which was consistent with the sequence orientation as shown in the vertical cross sections. According to the inclination angles of the P, B, and T axes, the inverted focal mechanism solutions all belong to a strike-slip type.

In this study, the parameters of the seismic fault plane are fitted in segments according to the distribution density of small-to-medium-sized earthquakes. The results show that the strike trending of the main fault plane varies between 126°-137° and gradually increases from north to south, dipping towards the southwest. The dip angle varies between 79°-87° gradually decreasing from north to south. There are four secondary oblique faults with variations in striking directions of 157°, 338°, 157° and 313° from north to south, corresponding to dip angles of 86°, 87°, 87°, and 86°, respectively.

Based on the above research results, combined with the background stress field and V_P/V_S tomographic results, it is inferred that the Yangbi earthquake occurred on the high-dip-angle and NW-SW strike-slip faults in the southwest mountainous areas of Yangbi County. These faults consist of a strike-slipping main fault and multiple secondary crisscrossing small faults, which may be jointly affected by regional stress and deep fluid activity.

Key words: Yangbi earthquake, earthquake sequence, double-difference relocation, focal mechanism solution, seismogenic tectonics

许永强, 雷建设, 胡晓辉. 2021年5月21日云南漾濞M_S6.4地震序列双差重定位及其构造意义[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(5): 1066-1090.

XU Yong-qiang, LEI Jian-she, HU Xiao-hui. DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE RELOCATION OF YUNNAN YANGBI M_S6.4 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE ON MAY 21, 2021 AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(5): 1066-1090.

图/表 13

图 1 研究区区域地质构造、 2021年漾濞主震(红色五角星)、台站(黑色三角)和主要活动断层分布 a 研究区区域地质图, 带箭头的线为GPS地表运动场(Zhao et al., 2015), 粗线代表块体边界(张培震等, 2003); 蓝色矩形为图b所在区域。b 本研究所用的地震台站分布, 虚线圆表示距震中300km的范围, 红色矩形为图c所在区域。c 活动断层和历史地震分布。活动断层数据来自中国地震灾害防御中心地震活动断层探察数据中心 ② 。F1维西-乔后断裂; F2乔后-巍山断裂; F3南涧-巍山断裂; F4红河断裂; F5程海断裂; F6南华-楚雄断裂; F7陡坡-普棚断裂; F8小金河-丽江断裂; F9中甸-龙蟠-乔后断裂; F10兰坪-云龙断裂; F11永平断裂; F12澜沧江断裂; F13漕涧断裂

Fig. 1 Regional geological tectonics and distribution of 2021 Yangbi MS6.4 mainshock(red star), seismic stations(black triangles)and major active faults.

图 2 2021年漾濞 MS6.4 地震序列M-t图 a 漾濞主震前后414d的地震序列M-t图, b 漾濞主震前后一周的地震序列M-t图

Fig. 2 M-t diagram of the 2021 MS6.4 Yangbi earthquake sequence.

图 3 P波(红色圆点)和S波(蓝色圆点)观测走时曲线

Fig. 3 Observed travel-time curves for P-waves(red dots)and S-waves(blue dots).

图 4 本研究所用的一维速度模型 VP速度模型(实线)由前人研究工作(Liu et al., 2021; 白志明等, 2004)总结得到, VS速度模型(虚线)由VP= 3VS转换而来

Fig. 4 1D velocity models used in this study.

图 5 重定位前(a)、后(b)的地震分布对比图 a 重定位前的漾濞地震序列的震中平面图及沿经纬度方向的剖面图和深度分布频度图, 圆圈表示地震, 圆圈大小表示震级, 颜色表示震源深度, 五角星代表MS≥5.0地震, 黑色实线表示活动断层; QWF 乔后-巍山断裂。 b 符号含义与图a相同, 但为重定位后的漾濞地震序列分布

Fig. 5 Comparison between earthquakes before(a)and after(b)relocation.

图 6 重定位后的地震事件纵剖面分布图 a 漾濞地震沿近序列活动方向纵剖面AA'的地震分布图; 其中, 圆圈为距纵剖面AA'两侧各3km范围内的地震投影。b—f 沿近垂直于序列活动方向纵剖面BB'、 CC'、 DD'、 EE'和FF'的地震分布图; 其中, 圆圈为距纵剖面两侧各2km范围内的地震投影; 纵剖面图上方的曲线表示沿剖面地形, 粗垂线Q表示乔后-巍山断裂(QWF), 图中的沙滩球为表1中的震源机制解。g、 h 沿纵剖面GG'和HH'的地震分布图。i 漾濞地震序列的震中分布图, 黑色细实线表示纵剖面位置, 黑色粗实线表示活动断层, 圆圈表示地震, 圆圈大小表示震级, 圆圈颜色表示震源深度, 五角星表示MS≥4.0的地震震中

Fig. 6 Vertical cross sections of relocated earthquakes.

图 7 漾濞地震序列重定位误差分布 a 重定位后地震EW向的误差分布图; b 重定位后地震SN向的误差分布图; c 重定位后地震在深度方向的误差分布图;d 重定位后地震均方根走时残差分布图

Fig. 7 Relocated errors of the Yangbi earthquake sequence.

图 8 漾濞地震序列沿纵剖面AA'(上图)与在平面上(下图)的随时间演化过程五角星表示MS≥5.0的地震, 圆圈表示地震, 圆圈大小表示震级, 圆圈颜色表示时间尺度, 灰色实线表示活动断层; a 2021年5月18日0时—2021年5月21日漾濞 MS6.4 主震发生的前震序列; b 2021年5月21日漾濞 MS6.4 主震发生—2021年5月21日24时的余震序列; c 2021年5月22日0—24时的余震序列; d 2021年5月23日0时—2021年5月24日24时的余震序列; e2021年5月25日0时—2021年5月31日24时的余震序列; f 2021年6月1日0时—2021年6月30日24时的地震序列; g2021年7月1日0时—2021年9月30日24时的地震序列; h 2021年10月1日0时—2022年6月18日24时的地震序列

Fig. 8 Temporal evolutions of Yangbi earthquake sequence along the vertical cross-section AA'(Top) and in map view(Bottom).

表 1 2021年MS6.4漾濞地震序列主断裂上MS≥4.0事件的震源机制解

Table 1 Focal mechanism solutions of MS≥4.0 events, which occurred in the main fault of the 2021 MS6.4 Yangbi earthquake sequence

序号	发震时间	震中位置/(°)		震级		深度 /km	节面Ⅰ/(°)			节面Ⅱ/(°)			P轴/(°)		B轴/(°)		T轴/(°)		与其他震源机制^*的最小空间旋转角/(°)
序号	发震时间	东经	北纬	M_S	M_W	深度 /km	走向	倾角	滑动角	走向	倾角	滑动角	走向	倾角	走向	倾角	走向	倾角
1	2021-05-21,T21:21:26	99.93	25.64	5.6	5.20	6.8	307	76	-176	216	86	-14	171	13	20	75	262	7	9.9
2	2021-05-21,T21:48:34	99.88	25.68	6.4	6.07	5.4	138	79	-164	45	74	-11	2	19	170	71	271	4	5.3
3	2021-05-21,T22:31:11	99.97	25.61	5.2	5.05	8.7	144	53	-164	44	77	-38	357	36	208	50	99	15	7.7
4	2021-05-21,T22:59:38	99.94	25.62	4.0	3.95	8.0	111	77	157	206	68	14	160	6	262	64	67	25	8.4
5	2021-05-21,T23:13:54	99.95	25.62	4.0	3.88	7.1	121	80	172	32	82	-10	346	13	172	77	76	1	13.5
6	2021-05-21,T23:23:35	99.98	25.59	4.5	4.38	6.9	126	80	171	218	81	10	352	1	260	77	82	13	5.5

图 9 漾濞 MS6.4 地震的震源机制 a 漾濞 MS6.4 地震的震源机制反演拟合误差随深度变化图, 最佳拟合深度和震级分别为5.4km和 MW6.07。b 漾濞 MS6.4 地震震源机制反演所用台站分布图。黑色三角形表示地震台站, 其下方的字母代表地震台网和台站名称, 黑色实线表示活动断层, 红色五角星表示漾濞 MS6.4 主震震中。c 漾濞 MS6.4 地震震源机制反演在最佳拟合深度处的观测波形(黑线)和理论波形(红线)对比图。波形左侧大写字母表示地震台网和台站名称, 下方的数字表示震中距离(km)和观测与理论初至P波走时差(s)。每列曲线分别表示不同分量波形。Pz和Pr表示P波垂直和径向分量, Sz、 Sr和Sh表示S波垂直、径向和横向分量。波形下方的第1行数字表示偏移时间(s), 第2行数字代表互相关系数(%)

Fig. 9 Focal mechanism of the MS6.4 Yangbi mainshock.

表 2 与前人结果的对比

Table 2 Comparison between present and previous studies

研究时间尺度微震检测及中国地震台网中心的震相报告	地震目录来源62	台站数	震中距上限 /kmM≥-2.0	震级5813	重定位后地震数量6	双差重定位地震对所需的最少震相数闫坤等 (2022)	数据来源2021-01-01— 2021-05-30
2021-05-18— 2021-05-23	云南地震台网的震相报告	17	300	-1.0≤M≤6.5	1012	8	姜金钟等 (2021)
2021-05-18— 2021-05-25	云南地震台网的震相报告	72	500	M_L≥0	2159	8	王月等 (2021)
2021-05-18— 2021-05-28	云南地震台网的震相报告	101	200	1.8≤M≤6.4	2133	8	Yang等 (2022)
2021-05-18— 2021-05-28	微震检测	56	120	M≤6.4	4574	8	苏金波等 (2021)
2021-05-21— 2021-07-14	国家地震科学数据中心的震相报告	21	150	M_L≥0	4695	8	Tian等 (2023)
2021-05-18— 2021-08-22	云南地震台网的震相报告	51	500	-0.9≤M≤6.4	6901	6	孙庆山等(2023)
2021-05-01— 2022-06-18	中国地震台网中心的震相报告	54	200	M_L≥0	2681	10	本研究

图 10 拟合得到的漾濞 MS6.4 地震序列的发震构造 a 余震分布、震源机制解(沙滩球)、推测断层面(红线)所在位置; b 拟合的断层面走向与倾角

Fig. 10 Seismogenic structure inferred from the MS6.4 Yangbi earthquake sequence.

图 11 漾濞地震与VP/VS结构之间的关系 a 近平行于漾濞地震序列的VP/VS纵剖面PP', 纵剖面图中的紫色线条指示上地壳深度(Laske et al., 2013), 纵剖面图上方的黑色线条表示沿剖面的地形; b 近垂直于漾濞地震序列的VP/VS纵剖面VV', 纵剖面上方的线条表示沿剖面的地形。c25km深度的VP/VS平面图, 灰色五角星表示漾濞 MS6.4 主震, 灰色圆圈表示漾濞地震序列, 圆圈大小代表震级, 2条紫色实线表示纵剖面位置, 黑色实线表示主要活动断层, VP/VS数据来自Sun等(2022)

Fig. 11 Relationship between the Yangbi earthquake and VP/VS structure.

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2021年5月21日云南漾濞M_S6.4地震序列双差重定位及其构造意义

DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE RELOCATION OF YUNNAN YANGBI M_S6.4 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE ON MAY 21, 2021 AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

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2021年5月21日云南漾濞MS6.4地震序列双差重定位及其构造意义

DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE RELOCATION OF YUNNAN YANGBI MS6.4 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE ON MAY 21, 2021 AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

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2021年5月21日云南漾濞M_S6.4地震序列双差重定位及其构造意义

DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE RELOCATION OF YUNNAN YANGBI M_S6.4 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE ON MAY 21, 2021 AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS