霍山震群区三维地壳速度结构与孕震环境

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.03.009

地震地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 665-685.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.03.009

霍山震群区三维地壳速度结构与孕震环境

冀国强¹⁾(), 雷建设²⁾^,^*(), 赵大鹏³⁾

¹⁾ 中国地震局地球物理研究所, 北京 100081
²⁾ 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院, 地壳动力学重点实验室, 北京 100085
³⁾ 日本东北大学, 地球物理系, 日本仙台 980-8578

收稿日期:2024-02-27 修回日期:2024-06-11 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-07-19
通讯作者: * 雷建设, 男, 1969年生, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事地震波层析成像理论与应用研究, E-mail: jshlei_cj@126.com。
作者简介:
冀国强, 男, 1996年生, 现为中国地震局地球物理研究所在读博士研究生, 主要从事地震层析成像研究, E-mail: jiguoqiang0000@126.com。
基金资助:
应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院科技创新团队建设项目(2023-JBKY-55); 国家自然科学基金(U1939206); 国家自然科学基金(42230306); 国家自然科学基金(41530212); 国家自然科学基金(41674091)

THREE-DIMENSIONAL CRUSTAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE AND SEISMOGENIC ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE HUOSHAN EARTHQUAKE SWARM

JI Guo-qiang¹⁾(), LEI Jian-she²⁾^,^*(), ZHAO Da-peng³⁾

¹⁾ Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, China
²⁾ National Institute of Natural Hazards, Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics, Beijing 100085, China
³⁾ Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

Received:2024-02-27 Revised:2024-06-11 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-07-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

霍山震群可能是反映华东地区乃至青藏高原地震活动的重要窗口, 其孕震环境与发震机制备受关注。文中手动拾取获得了1 987个地震的7 706条P波、 394条PmP波、9 263条S波和557条SmS波共计17 920条震相到时数据, 采用多震相体波层析成像方法反演获得了霍山震群区下方深至30km的地壳三维P波速度(V_P)、 S波速度(V_S)及纵横波速度比(V_P/V_S)模型。结果显示, 霍山震群区附近存在弱高V_P/V_S结构特征, 但在震群区下方存在强高V_P/V_S结构特征, 且该结构特征沿晓天-磨子潭断裂向深延伸至30km深度, 推测霍山震群区下方存在流体作用。该流体作用可能降低断层面有效正应力, 从而导致在晓天-磨子潭断裂与落儿岭-土地岭断裂交会的薄弱区发生霍山震群活动。这些流体的来源与太平洋板块在地幔转换带滞留脱水所形成的“大地幔楔”结构中的地幔热物质上涌有关, 但还可能与青藏高原壳幔物质沿大别山造山带E向挤出有关, 共同影响了霍山震群活动特征。文中成果也为深入理解霍山震群区的构造活动与华东地区及青藏高原构造活动的关联性提供了地震学证据。

关键词: 霍山震群区, 多震相, 地壳速度成像, 深部流体

Abstract:

The Huoshan earthquake swarm is tectonically located at the junction among the North China plate, Yangtze plate, and North Dabie orogenic belt. The geological environment in the region is complex, including the Feixi-Hanbaidu Fault, Meishan-longhekou Fault, Xiaotian-Mozitan Fault and Luoerling-Tudiling Fault, as well as the North Dabie tectonic belt, North Huaiyang tectonic belt and Liu’an basin. In the study region, seismicity is intense, and 9 earthquakes with M≥5.0 occurred along the Luoerling-Tudiling Fault in the history. In recent decades, small-to-moderate earthquakes were frequent, mainly gathering at the intersection of the Xiaotian-Mozitan Fault and Luoerling-Tudiling Fault. Furthermore, the frequency of small earthquakes in the Huoshan region has a significant correspondence to the moderate-to-strong earthquakes in East China and even eastern Tibet, so studying the deep structure can shed new light on the relationship between the Huoshan earthquake swarm and moderate-to-strong earthquakes in mainland China.

In this study, a total of 17 920 seismic arrival-time data, including 7 706 P, 394 PmP, 9 263 S and 557 SmS arrivals, are hand-picked from 1987 local earthquakes to obtain three-dimensional crustal P-wave velocity(V_P), S-wave velocity(V_S)and V_P/V_S ratio models down to 30km depth beneath the Huoshan swarm area. The checkerboard resolution test results show that the imaging spatial resolution in most parts of the regions can reach 0.33°×0.33°, and the North Huaiyang tectonic belt near the Huoshan earthquake swarm has good recovery in the entire crust, and the North Dabie tectonic belt and Lu’an basin also have good recovery at 8-30km depths. Due to the addition of PmP/SmS arrivals, the spatial resolution at 18-30km depths is significantly improved, and the pattern and amplitude of velocity anomalies are better recovered.

Our tomography results show that a vertical continuous high V_P/V_S anomaly is observed around the intersection of the Xiaotian-Mozitan Fault and the Luoerling-Tudiling Fault, especially at 18km depth appear broad low-velocity and high V_P /V_S anomalies. At 30km depth, the areas with high V_P/V_S are reduced and concentrated on both sides of the Luoerling-Tudiling Fault. There are significant high V_P/V_S characteristics around the Huoshan earthquake swarm. The high V_P/V_S anomalies extend to 18~30km depths below the Xiaotian-Mozitan Fault, suggesting that fluids could have migrated upward along the fault to reduce the effective normal stress of the fault planes, triggering the activity of the Huoshan earthquake swarm at the weak intersection between the Xiaotian-Mozitan Fault and the Luoerling-Tudiling Fault.

Combined with the low-velocity anomalies of the upper mantle revealed by the previous tomographic results, we propose that there may be a channel for upwelling of the wet and hot upper-mantle materials with fluids to the crust along the Xiaotian-Mozitan Fault. The upwelling of the wet and hot materials may be related to the dynamics of the big mantle wedge formed due to the deep subduction of the stagnant Pacific slab down to the mantle transition zone and the eastward extrusion of materials in the upper mantle from eastern Xizang along the Dabie orogenic belt. These factors may jointly affect the seismicity characteristics of the Huoshan earthquake swarm. Our results providea new piece of seismological evidence for the interactions among the tectonic activities in the Huoshan region, Tibetan plateau and East China.

Key words: Huoshan earthquake swarm, multiple phases, crustal velocity tomography, deep fluid

冀国强, 雷建设, 赵大鹏. 霍山震群区三维地壳速度结构与孕震环境[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(3): 665-685.

JI Guo-qiang, LEI Jian-she, ZHAO Da-peng. THREE-DIMENSIONAL CRUSTAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE AND SEISMOGENIC ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE HUOSHAN EARTHQUAKE SWARM[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(3): 665-685.

图/表 10

图1 霍山地区地质构造示意图 a 霍山震群区及周边区域的构造图, 其中黑色实线表示构造块体边界, 黑色虚线矩形区域为图b所示的研究区域; b 霍山震群区的主要活动断层, 其中黑色实线表示主要活动断层, 白色五角星表示1917年1月24日霍山M6$\frac{1}{4}$地震震中, 黑色沙滩球表示2014年4月20日霍山 MS4.3 地震的震源机制解。F1肥西-韩摆渡断裂; F2梅山-龙河口断裂; F3晓天-磨子潭断裂; F4落儿岭-土地岭断裂; F5商城-麻城断裂; F6郯庐断裂带; F7黄陂-青山口断裂; F8襄樊-广济断裂; F9宿松-枞阳断裂; F10严家桥-枫沙湖断裂; F11肥中断裂; F12永城-固始断裂

Fig. 1 Geological tectonics in the Huoshan area.

图2 本研究所用的地震台站与地震事件分布 a 地震台站分布图, 灰色三角表示宽频带固定地震台站, 白色三角表示短周期固定地震台站, 黑色实线为主要断裂; b 地震事件分布图, 圆圈表示地震震中, 圆圈大小表示震级, 圆圈颜色表示震源深度。地震目录来自中国地震台网中心

Fig. 2 Distributions of seismic stations and events used in this study.

图3 到时拾取波形示例图图中展示的是北京时间2022年10月10日18时21分31秒霍山 MS3.2 地震的波形。a、 b P波和S波拾取的到时及对应的垂向分量和切向分量波形, 红色竖线为初至波(P、 S)到时, 蓝色竖线为反射波(PmP、 SmS)到时。左上角是地震事件与记录到的地震台站分布, 其中白色五角星为地震事件, 白色三角形为地震台站, 黑线为主要断裂

Fig. 3 An example of picking arrivals.

图4 一维参考速度模型黑色和灰色实线分别表示P波与S波速度模型, 黑色虚线表示研究区康拉德界面和莫霍面界面的平均深度

Fig. 4 One-dimensional reference velocity models.

图5 速度间断面的地形分布 a、 b 康拉德界面和莫霍界面的深度分布, 颜色越黑代表间断面越深, 颜色越浅代表间断面越浅,色标位于图底部。黑色实线表示主要断裂

Fig. 5 Depth distributions of velocity discontinuities.

图6 射线路径分布图 a P波射线分布; b S波射线分布。黑色实线表示射线路径, 红色虚线框表示本研究结果展示与讨论的区域, 白色圆圈表示地震, 灰色三角表示地震台站, 灰色实线表示主要断层线。右下角直方图为地震的深度分布频度

Fig. 6 Distributions of the raypaths.

图7 检测板分辨率实验结果 a—d、 e—h 增加莫霍面反射波震相前后的P波实验结果; i—l、 m—p 增加莫霍面反射波震相前后的S波测试结果。黑色和白色圆圈分别表示正、负速度异常, 背景颜色表示恢复度, 颜色越浅则恢复度越高, 速度异常与恢复度的图标分别位于图底部。白色虚线范围表示采用P+PmP与S+SmS检测板实验恢复度均>20%的区域。黑色实线表示主要断裂

Fig. 7 Test results of checkerboard resolution.

图8 时距曲线与走时残差分布 a、 b P波与S波时距曲线, 其中黑色圆点表示初至P波和S波震相走时, 灰色圆点表示PmP波和SmS波震相走时, 左上角数字为不同震相的数量; c、 d P波与S波的走时残差分布, 其中虚线和实线分别表示反演前后的残差分布; e、 f P波与S波均方根走时残差随迭代次数的变化, 其中第0次迭代表示反演前的均方根走时残差

Fig. 8 Time-distance curves and distribution of travel-time residuals.

图9 成像结果平面图 a—d P波速度模型; e—h S波速度模型; i—l 波速比模型。蓝色表示高波速和低波速比异常, 红色表示低波速和高波速比异常, 其色标位于图底部。白色圆圈表示相邻剖面距离一半范围内的地震。黑色实线表示主要断裂。F1肥西-韩摆渡断裂; F2梅山-龙河口断裂; F3晓天-磨子潭断裂; F4落儿岭-土地岭断裂; F5商城-麻城断裂; F6郯庐断裂带; NDTB 北大别山构造带; NHTB 北淮阳构造带; LAB 六安盆地

Fig. 9 Map views of tomography results.

图10 成像结果纵剖面 a—c 沿落儿岭-土地岭断裂纵剖面AA'的P波、 S波速度和波速比分布; d—f 沿晓天-磨子潭断裂纵剖面BB'的P波、 S波速度和波速比分布。蓝色表示高波速和低波速比异常, 红色表示低波速和高波速比异常, 其色标位于图c下方。白色圆圈表示距剖面10km范围内的地震。剖面图上方的线条表示沿剖面的地形, 黑色垂线表示构造块体边界线, 黑色箭头指示断裂位置。g 纵剖面位置图, 黑色粗线表示剖面位置, 黑色细线表示主要断裂。F1肥西-韩摆渡断裂; F2梅山-龙河口断裂; F3晓天-磨子潭断裂; F4落儿岭-土地岭断裂

Fig. 10 Cross sections of tomography results.

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霍山震群区三维地壳速度结构与孕震环境

THREE-DIMENSIONAL CRUSTAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE AND SEISMOGENIC ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE HUOSHAN EARTHQUAKE SWARM

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