芦山强震区上地壳速度和泊松比分布特征及其动力学意义

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.06.009

地震地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1400-1418.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.06.009

芦山强震区上地壳速度和泊松比分布特征及其动力学意义

徐志萍¹⁾(), 刘巧霞¹⁾^,^*(), 刘志¹⁾, 田晓峰¹⁾, 王夫运¹⁾, 段永红¹⁾, 林吉焱¹⁾, 邱勇¹⁾, 唐淋²⁾

¹⁾ 中国地震局地球物理勘探中心, 郑州 450002
²⁾ 四川省地震局, 成都 610041

收稿日期:2023-01-30 修回日期:2023-07-06 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2024-01-16
通讯作者: *刘巧霞, 女, 1983年生, 副研究员, 主要从事台阵地震学方法及应用研究, E-mail: llqqxx@126.com。
作者简介:
徐志萍, 女, 1987年生, 2012年于中国地质大学(武汉)获地球探测与信息技术专业硕士学位, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为地壳深浅结构与构造, E-mail: xuzp@gec.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42074070); 中国地震局地震科技星火计划项目(XH21027)

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND DYNAMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF UPPER CRUST VELOCITY AND POISSON’S RATIO IN LUSHAN STRONG EARTHQUAKE AREA

XU Zhi-ping¹⁾(), LIU Qiao-xia¹⁾^,^*(), LIU Zhi¹⁾, TIAN Xiao-feng¹⁾, WANG Fu-yun¹⁾, DUAN Yong-hong¹⁾, LIN Ji-yan¹⁾, QIU Yong¹⁾, TANG Lin²⁾

¹⁾ Geophysics Exploration Center, China Earthquake Administration, Zhengzhou 450002, China
²⁾ Sichuan Earthquake Agency, Chengdu 610041, China

Received:2023-01-30 Revised:2023-07-06 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2024-01-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

龙门山断裂带南段芦山地区先后发生了2013年芦山 M_S7.0 和2022年芦山 M_S6.1 地震, 2次强震的孕育发生与所在区域深、浅地震构造环境、地壳物性结构参数密切相关。研究该区地壳浅部物性结构特征及其与深部动力学过程的映射关系对认识该区的孕震环境具有重要意义。因此, 文中利用金川—芦山—乐山深地震测深剖面资料的P波、 S波初至波走时数据, 采用二维射线追踪走时反演方法获取了沿剖面上地壳的精细P波、 S波速度和泊松比值。结果显示: 剖面西北段松潘-甘孜块体的上地壳具有高P波、 S波速度和低泊松比的特征, 而东南段的四川盆地上地壳具有低P波、 S波速度和高泊松比的特征。在松潘-甘孜块体和四川盆地之间的龙门山构造带, 上地壳P波、 S波速度和泊松比等值线形态受区域构造活动控制, 与地层产状基本一致, 呈近直立趋势展布。龙门山构造带下方沉积基底表现出明显的结构差异, 且速度和泊松比等值线形成“V”形特征。龙门山断裂带的上地壳速度、泊松比横向变化梯度大, 可能是印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞的远程效应使得青藏高原东缘低泊松比地壳向坚硬的扬子地台(高泊松比)挤压, 进而产生地壳垂向变形的直接证据。芦山强震区 M_S7.0 地震的余震主要发生在壳内高、低速和泊松比变化梯级带偏高速和低泊松比的一侧, 该区的地震活动既受区域断裂构造的控制, 也与上地壳的物性结构特征密切相关。

关键词: 芦山强震区, 上地壳物性结构, 深地震测深剖面, 龙门山断裂带中南段

Abstract:

The Longmenshan fault zone is located in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, with an overall direction of NNE and a total length of about 500km. As we have known, the Longmenshan fault zone is the boundary fault between the Bayanqala block and Sichuan basin. Since the Cenozoic, the Longmenshan fault zone has experienced intense tectonic activity and multi-stage magmatic activity, forming a series of active faults with different scales and properties.

And Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake in 2013 and Lushan M_S6.1 earthquake in 2022 occurred in the southern section of Longmenshan fault zone, and the two earthquakes were only 10km far away apart. The generation of the two strong earthquakes is closely related to the seismic tectonic environment and crustal physical structure parameters. So to study the characteristics of shallow crustal physical structure and its relationship with deep dynamic processes, is good for us to understand the seismogenic environment of this area. The wide angle inverse/refraction detection method is an effective means to obtain the physical property parameters of the crust. In this paper we extracted the first arrival travel time data of P-wave and S-wave from Jinchuan-Lushan-Leshan deep seismic sounding(DSS)profile data. The 2D ray-tracing travel-time imaging method proposed by Zelt et al.(1998)was used to obtain the 2D P-wave, S-wave and Poisson’s ratio structure of the upper crust in the source area of the Lushan strong earthquake and its adjacent area. Then based on the results of deep crust exploration, seismic distribution characteristics and other geophysical and geological studies in this area, we focus on the response of shallow tectonic environment and deep dynamic processes in the upper crust, and analyze the seismogenic environment and seismogenic mechanism of M6-7 strong earthquakes in this area. The results show that: 1)The crustal velocity and Poisson’s ratio are significantly different at different positions of the profile. In the Songpan-Ganzi block, the velocities of P- and S-waves in the upper crust are relatively high and the Poisson’s ratio is relatively low. While in the Sichuan basin, the velocities of P- and S-waves in the upper crust are relatively low and the Poisson’s ratio is relatively high. In Longmenshan tectonic belt which between the Songpan-Garze block and the Sichuan basin, the velocities of P- and S-waves and Poisson’s ratio isolines of the upper crust are controlled by regional tectonic activities, which are basically consistent with the occurrence of the strata and show a near-vertical trend. The sedimentary basement below the tectonic transition zone shows obvious structural differences, and the velocity and Poisson’s ratio contour lines form “V” shape characteristics. 2)The characteristics of high crust velocity and low Poisson ratio(<0.26) in the Songpan-Ganzi block may be the direct reflection of the strong deformation of Sinian-Paleozoic strata caused by the orogenic activities in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in the Indosinian period, and the bi-direction contraction of the strata in the Triassic Xikang Group, the obvious thickening of the crust, and the multi-stage magmatic activities. 3)The large lateral variation gradient of velocity and Poisson’s ratio in Longmenshan tectonic belt between Songpan-Ganzi block and Sichuan basin is the direct evidence of vertical crustal deformation caused by the compression of low Poisson’s ratio crust from the eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau to the hard Yangzi platform(high Poisson’s ratio)by the remote effect of the collision between the Indian plate and the Asian plate since late Quaternary. 4)The aftershocks of the M_S7.0 earthquake mainly occurred on the high-velocity and Low-Poisson’s ratio side of the velocity and Poisson’s ratio gradient belts in the crust. The seismicity in this area is not only controlled by the regional fault structure, but also closely related to the physical structure characteristics of the upper crust.

Key words: Lushan strong earthquake zone, physical structure of upper crust, deep seismic sounding profile, middle southern section of Longmenshan fault zone

徐志萍, 刘巧霞, 刘志, 田晓峰, 王夫运, 段永红, 林吉焱, 邱勇, 唐淋. 芦山强震区上地壳速度和泊松比分布特征及其动力学意义[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(6): 1400-1418.

XU Zhi-ping, LIU Qiao-xia, LIU Zhi, TIAN Xiao-feng, WANG Fu-yun, DUAN Yong-hong, LIN Ji-yan, QIU Yong, TANG Lin. DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND DYNAMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF UPPER CRUST VELOCITY AND POISSON’S RATIO IN LUSHAN STRONG EARTHQUAKE AREA[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(6): 1400-1418.

图/表 8

图1 深地震测深探测剖面的位置(断裂引自邓起东等, 2003)

Fig. 1 The location of wide angle reflection/refraction profile (The faults are quoted from DENG Qi-dong et al., 2003).

图2 深地震测深探测剖面观测系统观测系统下方的分段横线表示每炮所反映的莫霍面反射段

Fig. 2 Diagram of observation system of deep seismic sounding detection profile.

表1 炮点参数一览表

Table1 List of shot point parameters

炮点编号	桩号 /km	炮点坐标		药量 /kg	岩性
		东经	北纬
Sp1	450.71	101°43.09'	31°39.85'	3504	花岗岩	四川阿坝金川太阳河乡且斯都村
Sp2	342.54	102°26.27'	30°53.84'	1512	砾石	四川阿坝州小金县美沃乡双河村
Sp3	317.31	102°33.45'	30°40.20'	1992	基岩	四川雅安市宝兴县永富乡中岗村
Sp4	297.44	102°38.28'	30°28.27'	1200	基岩	四川省雅安市宝兴县隆东乡电厂
Sp5	263.73	102°54.04'	30°16.12'	1512	基岩	四川雅安市芦山县双石镇
Sp6	246.55	103°03.70'	30°11.76'	1008	基岩	四川雅安市雨城区上里镇治安村
Sp7	231.56	103°12.01'	30°07.69'	2496	风化基岩	四川雅安市名山县车岭镇古城村
Sp8	154.85	103°48.35'	29°40.80'	2808	风化基岩	四川乐山市市中区关庙乡板桥村

图3 部分炮点记录的截面图 a Sp1炮点的P波记录截面; b Sp5炮点的P波记录截面; c Sp7炮点的P波记录截面; d Sp1炮点的S波记录截面图; e Sp5炮点的S波记录截面图; f Sp7炮点的S波记录截面图。图中红圈为拾取的Pg、 Sg震相

Fig. 3 Section of observed seismogram from shot.

图4 P波上地壳参数化初始模型红色炸点为震源位置, 速度单位为km/s

Fig. 4 The initial model of P-wave in upper crust.

图5 上地壳P波(a)、 S波(b)射线追踪和数据拟合图黑点为计算值, 红色短棒为观测值, 棒的长度代表拾取误差

Fig. 5 Ray tracing and data fitting of P-wave(a) and S-wave(b) in upper crust.

图6 上地壳P波、 S波速度结构图黄色圆圈为芦山 MS7.0 地震的余震, 投影宽度为1km, 透明化处理的区域为无射线覆盖区

Fig. 6 The upper crust velocity structure of P-wave and S-wave.

图7 上地壳的泊松比分布图黄色圆圈为芦山 MS7.0 地震的余震, 投影宽度为1km, 透明化处理的区域为无射线覆盖区

Fig. 7 The Poisson’s ratio of the upper crust.

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芦山强震区上地壳速度和泊松比分布特征及其动力学意义

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND DYNAMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF UPPER CRUST VELOCITY AND POISSON’S RATIO IN LUSHAN STRONG EARTHQUAKE AREA

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