四分量钻孔应变对气压响应的传递函数及围岩力学参数估算——以江苏江宁台为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.05.008

地震地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1170-1186.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.05.008

四分量钻孔应变对气压响应的传递函数及围岩力学参数估算——以江苏江宁台为例

杨小林¹⁾(), 杨锦玲²⁾, 苏利娜³⁾, 冯静⁴⁾, 王军⁵⁾

¹⁾ 井冈山大学, 吉安 343009
²⁾ 闽江学院, 福州 350108
³⁾ 陕西省地震局, 西安 710068
⁴⁾ 四川省地震局, 成都 610041
⁵⁾ 云南省地震局, 昆明 650224

收稿日期:2022-12-22 修回日期:2023-03-18 出版日期:2023-11-23 发布日期:2023-11-23
作者简介:
杨小林, 男, 1983年生, 高级工程师, 2021年于中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院获固体地球物理学博士学位, 主要从事大地测量等方面的工作, E-mail: yang-xiaolin123@163.com。
基金资助:
陕西省自然科学基础研究(2022JQ-225); 中国地震局地震科技星火计划项目(XH20056Y); 中国地震局2022年度震情跟踪任务(2022020203); 国家自然科学基金(42104091)

FOUR-COMPONENT BOREHOLE STRAINMETER TRANSFER FUNCTIONS AND ROCK PROPERTIES ESTIMATION: A CASE OF JIANGNING STATION, JIANGSU, CHINA

YANG Xiao-lin¹⁾(), YANG Jin-ling²⁾, SU Li-na³⁾, FENG Jing⁴⁾, WANG Jun⁵⁾

¹⁾ Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
²⁾ Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
³⁾ Shaanxi Earthquake Agency, Xi'an 710068, China
⁴⁾ Sichuan Earthquake Agency, Chengdu 610041, China
⁵⁾ Yunnan Earthquake Agency, Kunming 650224, China

Received:2022-12-22 Revised:2023-03-18 Online:2023-11-23 Published:2023-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前中国有60余处四分量钻孔应变测点, 这些测点的观测数据在地球动力学和地震前兆等研究中均发挥着重要作用。但在实际观测中, 不少四分量钻孔应变仪会受到不同周期气压波的干扰。截至目前, 还鲜有关于该类仪器对气压频响效应研究的报道。文中以江宁台为例, 尝试采用传递函数对其进行系统诊断; 在此基础上, 进一步利用双衬套力学模型反演其钻孔围岩的力学参数。结果表明: 1)在0.1~30cpd频带内, 气压和钻孔应变的相干性较好; 2)低频带(0.1~0.5cpd)的气压响应最好, 高频带(>8cpd)次之, 中频带(0.5~8cpd)则略差; 3)若不考虑日波和半日波频段的影响, 在整个频带内, 4个分量的应变和面应变气压系数谱近线性平稳; 4)在高频带, 钻孔应变对气压响应的相位谱呈指数形式上升, 平均滞后约24.2°, 频率依赖性明显; 5)利用面应变低频气压系数均值反演的钻孔围岩弹性模量和泊松比分别为33.9GPa和0.27。以上结果将不仅有助于气压效应的分频改正, 同时还能为钻孔围岩力学参数的定量反演提供新方法。

关键词: 四分量钻孔应变仪, 江宁台, 气压, 传递函数, 钻孔围岩, 弹性模量, 安山岩

Abstract:

To date, more than 60 four-component borehole strainmeters have been deployed in China to provide more data on geodynamics and earthquake precursors. In practice, the strain signals recorded by the four-component borehole strainmeters are greatly disturbed by the effect of barometric pressure at different frequencies. Therefore, precisely deciphering the frequency-dependent strain response to barometric pressure changes in the frequency domain is very significant for continuous high-resolution borehole strainmeter measurements. However, no much related research has been conducted in this day. For these more than 60 four-component borehole strainmeters being operated in Mainland China, the study of properties(e.g., Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio)of borehole surrounding rock are seldom probed via rock mechanical testing has not been given enough attention, compared that with in the USA and Japan, consequently, which makes it difficult in the understanding of the driving mechanism of atmospheric effects.

Beginning at 2006, a YRY-4 type borehole strainmeter was installed approximately at 50m depth in the Jiangning area to precisely monitor the earthquake precursors and tectonic movements in Jiangsu Province. For daily observation, the atmospheric effect is quite obvious in different frequency bands. Therefore, we applied transfer function to uncover features, such as barometric pressure coefficient and phase shift, of frequency dependence observed at Jiangning station in Jiangsu Province in high-(>8cpd), intermediate-(0.5~8cpd), and low-frequency(0.1~0.5cpd)bands. Furthermore, the double bush mechanical model was adopted to estimate the parameters of elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio for the borehole surrounding rock.

The results show that: 1)The values of coherence in the frequency band(0.1~30cpd)are higher than in others. 2)The barometric pressure responses were very stable and valid in the low-frequency band, and remained stable in the high-frequency band(8~30cpd), but significantly fluctuated in the intermediate-frequency band. 3)If the impacts of the diurnal and semidiurnal tidal waves are neglected, the spectra of barometric pressure response coefficients for the four borehole sensors and areal strain were quasi-linear and stable. 4)In the high-frequency band, the spectra of phase responses for borehole strains behaved exponentially, strongly depending on frequency, with the average phase delay of about 24.2°. 5)The estimated elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio were 33.9GPa and 0.27 according to the averaged barometric-pressure response coefficients of areal strain, respectively, in which the estimated parameters showed good agreement with the results obtained via rock mechanical testing.

These above findings will be useful for separating the nonlinear barometric responses from the four-component borehole strainmeter records, as well as for estimating the mechanical parameters of the borehole surrounding rock. In the future, more and more rock cores taken from boreholes may disappear with time. So exploring the potential values of transfer function is an important work in the field of borehole strain study. In the near future, we will reconstruct the rock mechanical parameters of borehole surrounding rock for other unstudied sites in mainland China.

Key words: four-component borehole strainmeter, Jiangning station, barometric pressure, transfer function, borehole surrounding rock, elastic modulus, andesite

杨小林, 杨锦玲, 苏利娜, 冯静, 王军. 四分量钻孔应变对气压响应的传递函数及围岩力学参数估算——以江苏江宁台为例[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(5): 1170-1186.

YANG Xiao-lin, YANG Jin-ling, SU Li-na, FENG Jing, WANG Jun. FOUR-COMPONENT BOREHOLE STRAINMETER TRANSFER FUNCTIONS AND ROCK PROPERTIES ESTIMATION: A CASE OF JIANGNING STATION, JIANGSU, CHINA[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(5): 1170-1186.

图/表 8

图1 江宁台位置(a)及其钻孔岩性柱状图(b)和探头内传感器方位(c)

Fig. 1 Map showing location of the Jiangning YRY-4 borehole strainmeter(a), borehole lithology log(b), and the plan view of the relative orientations of the four components(c).

表1 YRY-4型钻孔应变仪探头和膨胀水泥的相关参数

Table 1 The relative parameters for the YRY-4 type borehole strainmeter and expansive grout cement

应变仪类型	探头钢筒				膨胀水泥
应变仪类型	内半径 r₁/mm	外半径 r₂/mm	弹性模量 E₁/GPa	泊松比 v₁	弹性模量 E₂/GPa	泊松比 v₂
YRY-4	51.5	53.5	210	0.3	30	0.25

图2 江宁台四分量钻孔应变和气压变化的预处理结果数据时段为2018年10月1日—2019年2月28日, 采样间隔为1min

Fig. 2 Plot of the preprocessed records of YRY-4 borehole strainmeter and barometer.

图3 钻孔面应变和气压在日波、半日波和1/3 日波群频段的振幅谱

Fig. 3 Amplitude spectra of borehole areal strain(red line)and barometric pressure(green line) inside the diurnal, semidiurnal, and ter-diurnal tidal bands, respectively.

图4 气压与不同应变分量间的相干谱曲线水平灰色虚线表示相干值=0.5, 左、右垂直灰色虚线依次表示0.5cpd和8cpd频点

Fig. 4 Spectral coherence between individual strain component and barometric pressure.

图5 4个分量和面应变对气压响应的传递函数及对比黑色圆点表示气压系数和相移; 黑色空心方格分别为同一频点处各传递函数的均值, 蓝色、红色和黄色竖线分别为低、中和高频带传递函数均值的95%置信区间, 黑色水平虚线表示零相移, 黑色垂直虚线分别表示0.5cpd和8cpd频点; 图f为4个分量应变和面应变对气压响应的传递函数的均值曲线, 其中, 相位滞后为正, 表示钻孔应变滞后于气压波动, 反之则为超前

Fig. 5 Barometric pressure response coefficients and phase shifts(black dots)in the low-, intermediate-, and high-frequency bands retrieved by transfer functions for the four strain components and areal strain, respectively.

表 2 钻孔应变对不同频带气压响应的导纳和相移均值及对应的平均变异系数

Table 2 The averaged barometric pressure response coefficients, phase lags, and averaged coefficients of variation for the individual strain component and areal strain in different frequency bands

钻孔应变	平均气压系数/nstrain·hPa^-1			平均相位滞后/(°)			平均变异系数/%
钻孔应变	低频带	中频带	高频带	低频带	中频带	高频带	低频带	中频带	高频带
ε₁	1.42	1.35	1.39	2.32	3.42	25.09	14.07	21.56	8.26
ε₂	2.5	2.15	2.04	2.93	6.35	24.73	5	6.53	15.09
ε₃	4.08	3.58	3.55	3.57	6.14	23.27	4.81	12.35	5.98
ε₄	3.86	3.81	3.9	2.83	5.06	23.93	13.16	15.44	6.2
ε_a	5.92	5.39	5.44	3.11	5.23	24.01	7.56	12.11	4.45

图6 钻孔围岩力学参数的折中反演

Fig. 6 The barometric coefficients are modeled to illustrate the trade-off inversion for the mechanical properties of borehole surrounding rock.

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四分量钻孔应变对气压响应的传递函数及围岩力学参数估算——以江苏江宁台为例

FOUR-COMPONENT BOREHOLE STRAINMETER TRANSFER FUNCTIONS AND ROCK PROPERTIES ESTIMATION: A CASE OF JIANGNING STATION, JIANGSU, CHINA

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