新乡-商丘断裂封丘段浅部探测和第四纪活动性的初步研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究隐伏断裂的近地表特征和第四纪活动性, 在新乡-商丘断裂封丘段完成了2条高分辨率浅层地震反射剖面和1条钻孔联合地质剖面。通过地震反射剖面获得了新乡-商丘断裂封丘段深约1km以浅的地层及构造分布图像, 其结果表明, 新乡-商丘断裂封丘段浅部表现为由多条视倾向N的正断层组成的断裂体系, 总体走向NWW, 断层错断第四纪内部地层。钻孔联合地质剖面显示, 该断裂向上错断的最新地层为浅棕红色-褐黄色黏土层, 上断点埋深在57.00~61.50m之间。结合采集样品的测年结果判断, 封丘段的最新活动时代为晚更新世中期。文中的研究结果可为重大工程选址、城镇规划与建设、震害预测与评估提供基础资料, 对于探讨新乡-商丘断裂深浅构造关系、区域构造演化等地球动力学问题具有参考价值。

关键词: 新乡-商丘断裂封丘段, 高分辨率浅层地震反射剖面, 钻孔联合地质剖面, 构造特征, 最新活动时代

Abstract:

Xinxiang-Shangqiu Fault starts from Yuhekou in the west and extends eastward into Anhui Province through Xinxiang, Yanjin, Fengqiu, Lankao, Minquan, Shangqiu and Xiayi, with a total length of about 400km and a general strike of NWW. It is a regional concealed fault in Henan Province and a boundary fault between northern North China depression and southern North China depression.

This study focuses on the Fengqiu section of Xinxiang-Shangqiu Fault, which is the boundary structure between the Kaifeng sag, Neihuang uplift and Dongpu sag. Controlled by the NE-NEE trending Changyuan Fault and Yellow River Fault at its east and west end, this fault section has a length of about 30km and controls the Mesozoic to early Cenozoic sedimentation in the Kaifeng sag and the south side of Dongpu sag.

In this paper, the shallow structural characteristics and Quaternary activities of Fengqiu section of the Xinxiang-Shangqiu Fault are revealed by the combination of reflection seismic exploration and drilling detection. Two shallow seismic exploration profiles and one composite drilling geological section are arranged across the fault.

The results of shallow seismic exploration show that the Fengqiu section of Xinxiang-Shangqiu Fault is NWW trending. It is a north-dipping normal fault accompanied by several nearly parallel normal faults, and the fault is still active since the Quaternary.

In the composite drilling geological section at Yaowu, the latest faulted stratum is a clay layer between borehole YW5 and YW7, and the buried depth of the upper breakpoint is between 57.00~61.50m. Combined with the dating results of the collected samples, it is comprehensively judged that the latest activity age of Fengqiu section is the middle of late Pleistocene. Since the middle of late Pleistocene, the whole region is in a relatively stable tectonic period. It is verified that the comprehensive detection method of shallow seismic exploration with drilling can effectively find out the accurate location of hidden faults.

The zone with strong vertical differential movement is often the zone where earthquakes occur. The vertical differential movement between Kaifeng sag and Neihuang uplift is very strong, and the difference reaches nearly $1$ 000 meters since Neogene. Moreover, the structural pattern of the main strong earthquakes in the North China Plain is characterized by zoning in NE direction and segmentation in NW direction, especially at the intersections of NWW-trending faults and NE-trending faults. The Xinxiang-Shangqiu Fault intersects with a series of NE-NEE trending faults, including Tangdong, Changyuan, Yellow River and Liaolan faults from west to east. The Fengqiu section is at the intersection with the Changyuan Fault and the Yellow River Fault, and is located in the Fengqiu M6.5 potential seismic source area of the North China plain seismic belt. The intersection of two groups of Quaternary active faults is a favorable place for the preparation and generation of moderate and strong earthquakes. Therefore, the research results provide seismological basis for the site selection of major engineering projects, urban planning and construction in this area, and have reference value for discussing the geodynamic issues such as deep and shallow structural relationship and structural evolution of Xinxiang-Shangqiu Fault.

Key words: Fengqiu segment of Xinxiang-Shangqiu Fault, high resolution shallow reflection seismic profile, composite drilling section, structural features, latest active age

中图分类号:

P315.2

田一鸣, 杨卓欣, 王志铄, 石金虎, 张扬, 谭雅丽, 张建志, 宋威, 季通宇. 新乡-商丘断裂封丘段浅部探测和第四纪活动性的初步研究[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(1): 139-152.

TIAN Yi-ming, YANG Zhuo-xin, WANG Zhi-shuo, SHI Jin-hu, ZHANG Yang, TAN Ya-li, ZHANG Jian-zhi, SONG Wei, JI Tong-yu. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE SHALLOW EXPLORATION AND QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES OF THE FENGQIU SEGMENT OF THE XINXIANG-SHANGQIU FAULT[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(1): 139-152.

图/表 8

图1 区域地质构造图 1 全新统; 2 上更新统; 3 中、下更新统; 4 新近系; 5 前新生界; 6 水系; 7 全新世活动断裂; 8 晚更新世活动断裂; 9 早、中更新世活动断裂; 10 前第四纪断裂; 11 正断裂; 12 走滑断裂。F1长治-晋城断裂; F2邢台-邯郸断裂; F3沧东断裂; F4高唐-堂邑断裂; F5磁县-大名断裂; F6安阳南断裂; F7汤西断裂; F8汤中断裂; F9汤东断裂; F10长垣断裂; F11黄河断裂; F12聊城-兰考断裂; F13郓城断裂; F14曹县断裂; F15巨野断裂; F16菏泽断裂; F17东明-成武断裂; F18新乡-商丘断裂带; F19盘谷寺-新乡断裂; F20郑州-开封断裂; F21新郑-太康断裂; F22登封-西华断裂; F23鲁山-漯河断裂; F24夏邑-太和断裂

Fig. 1 Regional geological structure map.

图2 新乡-商丘断裂封丘段分布图 1 全新统; 2 上更新统; 3 隐伏断层; 4 走滑断层; 5 正断层; 6 浅层地震测线和断点; 7 钻探联合地质剖面; 8 地质钻孔; 9 历史地震; 10 研究区。 F1新乡-商丘断裂, F1-1延津段, F1-2封丘段; F2汤东断裂; F3长垣断裂; F4黄河断裂

Fig. 2 Distribution map of Fengqiu section of the Xinxiang-Shangqiu Fault.

图3 FQ1测线的叠后偏移时间剖面和深度解释剖面

Fig. 3 The post-stack migration time-section(a)and depth-section interpretation(b)of profile FQ1.

表1 FQ1测线的断点参数

Table1 Parameters of fault breakpoints revealed by seismic reflection profile FQ1

断裂名称	断点编号	断点位置/m	视倾向	可分辨的上断点埋深/m	上断点断距/m
新乡-商丘断裂封丘段	F_P1	11 575	N	63	2~4
	F_P2	10 087	N	111	3~5
	F_P3	8 956	N	189	4~6
	F_P4	8 409	N	205	5~7
	F_P5	7 630	N	79	2~4
	F_P6	4 604	N	196	4~6

图4 FQ2测线的叠后偏移时间剖面和深度解释剖面

Fig. 4 The post-stack migration time-section(a)and depth-section interpretation(b)of profile FQ2.

表2 FQ2测线的断点参数

Table2 Parameters of fault breakpoints revealed by seismic reflection profile FQ2

断裂名称	断点编号	断点位置/m	视倾向	可分辨的上断点埋深/m	上断点断距/m
新乡-商丘断裂封丘段	F_P7	6044	N	91	2~4
	F_P8	5254	N	113	3~5
	F_P9	4836	N	153	4~6
	F_P10	4092	N	216	5~7

图5 姚务钻孔联合地质剖面 1 粉砂; 2 细砂; 3 粗砂; 4 黏土; 5 粉砂质黏土; 6 人工填土; 7 断层; 8 光释光样品; 9 电子自旋共振测年样品; 1014C样品; 11 岩性地层界线; 12 第四纪地层界线。层①下部以黄褐色细砂为主, 上部为灰绿色黏土; 层②下部为黄褐色细砂, 中上部以黄褐色黏土为主; 层③下部为褐黄色细砂, 上部为黄褐色-灰绿-浅棕红色黏土; 层④下部以褐黄色细砂为主, 局部为黄褐色粗砂, 上部以褐黄色黏土为主; 层⑤下部以黄褐色细砂岩为主, 局部为黄褐色粗砂, 上部为棕红色-褐黄色黏土; 层⑥下部为褐黄色细砂, 上部为黄褐色黏土; 层⑦下部为黄褐色细砂, 上部为浅红棕色-褐黄色黏土, 局部富含钙核; 层⑧以黄褐色细砂为主, 局部为黄褐色粗砂、黄褐-浅红棕色黏土、黄褐色粉砂质黏土; 层⑨为黄褐-褐黄色黏土层; 层⑩下部为褐黄-黄褐色细砂、粉砂, 中部为褐黄色黏土, 顶部为人工填土

Fig. 5 The composite drilling geological section at Yaowu.

表3 姚务钻孔联合剖面样品年龄的测年结果

Table3 The dating of samples from Yaowu composite drilling section

钻孔编号	样品埋深/m	地层/标志层	测试方法	距今年龄/ka
YW3	16.60	层⑨	¹⁴C	9.23
YW7	57.10	层⑦/B5	OSL	68.3±5.0
YW5	57.80	层⑦/B5	OSL	63.7±3.4
YW7	61.20	层⑦/B5	OSL	84.9±4.7
YW7	66.70	层⑥/B4	OSL	103.2±7.5
YW7	72.40	层⑤	ESR	329±40
YW7	93.20	层③/B2	ESR	452±90
YW7	107.10	层①/B1	ESR	687±89

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