基于Sentinel-1A的2016年青海门源MW5.9地震发震构造特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2018.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 文中以Sentinel-1A升、降轨为数据源，利用"二轨法"获取门源地震的同震形变场，结果显示门源地震以抬升形变为主，其抬升形变值明显大于沉降形变值，升、降轨抬升区最大视线向形变分别为6cm、8cm。同时基于Okada位错模型，构建不同倾向断层模型，以升、降轨形变场数据为约束联合反演得到此次地震的断层滑动分布及震源参数，最佳断层模型参数分别为：倾角43°，走向128°，平均滑动角85°，最大滑动量为0.27m，反演矩张量约为1.13×10¹⁸N·m，矩震级达M_W5.9。结合震源机制解、余震精定位结果和区域构造背景，综合分析认为，门源地震的发震构造可能为SW倾向的民乐-大马营断裂，震源性质为以逆冲为主，兼具微量左旋走滑特征；本次地震是青藏高原向NE方向推挤生长的大背景下，冷龙岭断裂附近的1次局部应力调整。

关键词: 门源地震, 民乐-大马营断裂, 发震断层, 冷龙岭断裂, 滑动分布

Abstract: In this paper, we processed and analyzed the Sentinel-1A data by "two-pass" method and acquired the surface deformation fields of Menyuan earthquake. The results show the deformation occurred mainly in the south wall of fault, where uplift deformation is dominant. The uplift deformation is significantly larger than the subsidence and the maximum uplift of ascending and descending in the LOS is 6cm, 8cm respectively. Meanwhile, based on the Okada model, we use the ascending and descending passes data as constraints to invert jointly the fault distribution and source parameters through constructing fault model of different dip directions. The optimum fault parameters are:The dip is 43°, the strike is 128°with the mean rake of 85°. The maximum slip is about 0.27m. The inverted seismic moment M₀ is 1.13×10¹⁸N·m, and the moment magnitude M_W is 5.9. The SW-dipping Minyue-Damaying Fault is possibly the seismogenic fault, based on the comprehensive analysis of the focal mechanisms, aftershocks relocation results and the regional tectonic background. The focus property is dominated by thrust movement with a small amount of dextral strike-slip component. The earthquake is the result of local stress adjustment nearby the Lenglongling Fault under the background of northeastward push and growth of Tibet Plateau.

Key words: Menyuan earthquake, Minyue-Damaying Fault, seismogenic fault, Lenglongling Fault, slip distribution

中图分类号:

P315.2

郑博文, 龚文瑜, 温少妍, 张迎峰, 单新建, 宋小刚, 刘云华. 基于Sentinel-1A的2016年青海门源M_W5.9地震发震构造特征[J]. 地震地质, 2018, 40(4): 872-882.

ZHENG Bo-wen, GONG Wen-yu, WEN Shao-yan, ZHANG Ying-feng, SHAN Xin-jian, SONG Xiao-gang, LIU Yun-hua. STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC FAULT CHARACTERSTICS OF 2016 M_W5.9 MENYUAN EARTHQUAKE BASED ON Sentinel -1A DATA[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2018, 40(4): 872-882.

参考文献

陈文彬. 2003. 河西走廊及邻近地区最新构造变形基本特征及构造成因分析［D］. 北京:中国地震局地质研究所.
CHEN Wen-bin. 2003. Features of tectonic deformation and their generation mechanism in the Hexi corridor and its adjacent regions since late Quaternary［D］. Institute of Geology, Earthquake Administration of China, Beijing(in Chinese).
郭安宁, 李鑫, 白雪见, 等. 2016. 2016年1月21日青海门源6.4级地震及相关参数［J］. 地震工程学报, 38(1):150-158. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0844.2016.01.0150.
GUO An-ning, LI Xin, BAI Xue-jian, et al. 2016. The Menyuan, Qinghai M_S6.4 earthquake on 21 January 2016 and its related parameters［J］. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 38(1):150-158(in Chinese).
郭鹏. 2016. 冷龙岭断裂全新世滑动速率与发震能力研究［D］. 北京:中国地震局地质研究所.
GUO Peng. 2016. Holocene slip rate and seismogenic capacity of the Lenglongling Fault, northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau［D］. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing(in Chinese).
何文贵, 袁道阳, 葛伟鹏, 等. 2010. 祁连山活动断裂带中东段冷龙岭断裂滑动速率的精确厘定［J］. 地震, 30(1):131-137. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3274.2010.01.015.
HE Wen-gui, YUAN Dao-yang, GE Wei-peng, et al. 2010. Determination of the slip rate of the Lenglongling Fault in the middle and eastern segments of the Qilian Mountain active fault zone［J］. Earthquake, 30(1):131-137(in Chinese).
侯康明. 1998. 皇城-双塔断裂带的几何分段及运动学特征［J］. 华南地震, (3):28-34.
HOU Kang-ming. 1998. The geometric segmentation and kinematics characteristics of Huangcheng-Shuangta fault zone［J］. South China Journal of Seismology, (3):28-34(in Chinese).
胡朝忠, 杨攀新, 李智敏, 等. 2016. 2016年1月21日青海门源6.4级地震的发震机制探讨［J］. 地球物理学报, 59(5):1637-1646. doi:10.6038/cjg20160509.
HU Chao-zhong, YANG Pan-xin, LI Zhi-min, et al. 2016. Seismogenic mechanism of the 21 January 2016 Menyuan, Qinghai M_S6.4 earthquake［J］. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 59(5):1637-1646(in Chinese).
李祥, 万永革, 崔华伟, 等. 2016. 2016年1月21日青海门源M_S6.4地震构造应力场［J］. 华北地震科学, 34(2):36-41. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1375.2016.02.007.
LI Xiang, WAN Yong-ge, CUI Hua-wei, et al. 2016. Tectonic stress field of 2016, M_S6.4 Menyuan, Qinghai earthquake［J］. North China Earthquake Sciences, 34(2):36-41(in Chinese).
刘白云, 曾文浩, 袁道阳, 等. 2015. 1927年古浪8级大地震断层面参数和滑动性质［J］. 地震地质, 37(3):818-828. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2015.03.012.
LIU Bai-yun, ZENG Wen-hao, YUAN Dao-yang, et al. 2015. The research on fault parameter and sliding behavior of the 1927 Gulang M8.0 earthquake［J］. Seismology and Geology, 37(3):818-828(in Chinese).
刘静, 纪晨, 张金玉, 等. 2015. 2015年4月25日尼泊尔M_W7.8地震的孕震构造背景和特征［J］. 科学通报, 60(27):2640-2655. doi:10.1360/N972015-00559.
LIU Jing, JI Chen, ZHANG Jin-yu, et al. 2015. Tectonic setting and general features of coseismic rupture of the 25 April, 2015 M_W7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake［J］. Chinese Science Bulletin, 60(27):2640-2655(in Chinese).
王双绪, 张希, 张四新, 等. 2005. 青藏高原东北缘现今构造变动与地震活动特征［J］. 地球学报, 26(3), 209-216. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1006-3021.2005.03.003.
WANG Shuang-xu, ZHANG Xi, ZHANG Si-xin, et al. 2005. Characteristics of recent tectonic deformation and seismic activity in the northeastern margin of Tibetan plateau［J］. Acta Geosicientia Sinica, 26(3):209-216(in Chinese).
温少妍, 单新建, 张迎峰, 等. 2016. 基于InSAR的青海大柴旦地震三维同震形变场获取与震源特征分析［J］. 地球物理学报, 59(3):912-921. doi:10.6038/cjg20160313.
WEN Shao-yan, SHAN Xin-jian, ZHANG Ying-feng, et al. 2016. Three-dimensional co-seismic deformation acquisition and source characteristics analysis of Qaidam earthquake based on InSAR［J］. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 59(3):912-921(in Chinese).
曾宪伟, 冯建刚, 吕俊强. 2014. 2003年民乐M_S6.1地震前后Pg波速度横向变化特征［J］. 地球物理学进展, 29(4):1601-1608. doi:10.6038/pg.2014.04.15.
ZENG Xian-wei, FENG Jian-gang, LÜ Jun-qiang. 2014. Characteristics of lateral variation of Pg wave velocity before and after the 2003 Minle M_S6.1 earthquake［J］. Progress in Geophysics, 29(4):1601-1608(in Chinese).
张国宏, 屈春燕, 宋小刚, 等. 2010. 基于InSAR 同震形变场反演汶川M_W7.9地震断层滑动分布［J］. 地球物理学报, 53(2):269-279. doi:103969/1issn.0001-5733.2010.02.005.
ZHANG Guo-hong, QU Chun-yan, SONG Xiao-gang, et al. 2010. Slip distribution and source parameters inverted from co-seismic deformation derived by InSAR technology of Wenchuan M_W7.9 earthquake［J］. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 53(2):269-279(in Chinese).
郑文俊, 袁道阳, 何文贵. 2004. 皇城-双塔断裂冬青顶段古地震活动规律的初步研究［J］. 地震研究, 27(1):66-73.
ZHENG Wen-jun, YUAN Dao-yang, HE Wen-gui. 2004. Preliminary study of the seismicity of palaeo-earthquakes on Dongqingding segment of Huangcheng-Shuangta Fault［J］. Journal of Seismological Research, 27(1):66-73(in Chinese).
周本刚, 沈得秀. 2006. 地震安全性评价中若干地震地质问题探讨［J］. 震灾防御技术, 1(2):113-120.
ZHOU Ben-gang, SHEN De-xiu. 2006. Discussion on some geological problems in earthquake safety evaluation［J］. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 1(2):113-120(in Chinese).
Jonsson S, Zebker H, Segall P, et al. 2002. Fault slip distribution of the 1999 M_W7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, estimated from satellite radar and GPS measurements［J］. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92(4):1377-1389.
Li Y S, Jiang W L, Zhang J F, et al. 2016. Space geodetic observations and modeling of 2016 M_W5.9 Menyuan earthquake:Implications on seismogenic tectonic motion［J］. Remote Sensing, 8(6):519. doi:10.3390/rs8060519.
Okada Y. 1985. Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space［J］. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 75(4):1135-1154.
Simons M, Fialko Y, Rivera L. 2002. Coseismic deformation from the 1999 M_W7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake as inferred from InSAR and GPS observations［J］. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92(4):1390-1402.
Werner C, Wegmüller U, Strozzi T, et al. 2002. Processing strategies for phase unwrapping for InSAR applications［C］. Proc of EUSAR 2002-4^th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, 1:353-356.
Wessel P, Smith W. 1998. New, improved version of the generic mapping tool released［J］. Eos Trans AGU, 79:579.
Zhang G H, Qu C Y, Shan X J, et al. 2011. Slip distribution of the 2008 Wenchuan M_S7.9 earthquake by joint inversion from GPS and InSAR measurements:A resolution test study［J］. Geophysical Journal International, 186(1):207-220. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05039.
Zheng W J, Zhang P Z, He W G, et al. 2011. Transformation of displacement between strike-slip and crustal shortening in the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau:Evidence from decadal GPS measurements and late Quaternary slip rates on faults［J］. Tectonophysics, 584(1):267-280. doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.01.006.

[1]	王辽, 谢虹, 袁道阳, 李智敏, 薛善余, 苏瑞欢, 文亚猛, 苏琦. 结合野外考察的2022年门源M_S6.9地震地表破裂带的高分七号影像特征[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(2): 401-421.
[2]	于书媛, 黄显良, 郑海刚, 李玲利, 骆佳骥, 丁娟, 范晓冉. 2022年门源M_W6.7地震的同震破裂模型及应力研究[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(1): 286-303.
[3]	盖海龙, 李智敏, 姚生海, 李鑫. 2022年青海门源M_S6.9地震地表破裂特征的初步调查研究[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(1): 238-255.
[4]	梁宽, 何仲太, 姜文亮, 李永生, 刘泽民. 2022年1月8日青海门源M_S6.9地震的同震地表破裂特征[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(1): 256-278.
[5]	李佳妮, 韩竹军, 罗佳宏, 郭鹏. 青藏高原东缘岷山活动地块周缘的地震活动特征与启示[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(6): 1459-1484.
[6]	邱江涛, 季灵运, 刘雷, 刘传金. 2020年西藏尼玛M_W6.3地震的InSAR同震形变与构造意义[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(6): 1586-1599.
[7]	徐晓雪, 季灵运, 朱良玉, 王光明, 张文婷, 李宁. 漾濞M_S6.4地震同震形变特征及发震构造探讨[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(4): 771-789.
[8]	贾蕊, 张国宏, 解朝娣, 单新建, 张迎峰, 李成龙, 黄自成. 2019年巴基斯坦新米尔普尔M_W6.0地震的同震形变场与断层滑动分布反演[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(3): 600-613.
[9]	王绍俊, 刘云华, 单新建, 屈春燕, 张国宏, 解朝娣, 赵德政, 范晓冉, 华俊, 梁诗明, 张克亮, 代成龙. 2021年云南漾濞M_S6.4地震同震地表形变与断层滑动分布[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(3): 692-705.
[10]	华俊, 赵德政, 单新建, 屈春燕, 张迎峰, 龚文瑜, 王振杰, 李成龙, 李彦川, 赵磊, 陈晗, 范晓冉, 王绍俊. 2021年青海玛多M_W7.3地震InSAR的同震形变场、断层滑动分布及其对周边区域的应力扰动[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(3): 677-691.
[11]	李智敏, 李文巧, 李涛, 徐岳仁, 苏鹏, 郭鹏, 孙浩越, 哈广浩, 陈桂华, 袁兆德, 李忠武, 李鑫, 杨理臣, 马震, 姚生海, 熊仁伟, 张彦博, 盖海龙, 殷翔, 徐玮阳, 董金元. 2021年5月22日青海玛多M_S7.4地震的发震构造和地表破裂初步调查[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(3): 722-737.
[12]	温少妍, 单新建, 张迎峰, 刘云华, 汪驰升, 宋春燕. 基于Sentinel-1A的新疆阿克陶M_S6.7地震同震形变与滑动分布特征[J]. 地震地质, 2020, 42(6): 1401-1416.
[13]	谢张迪, 韩竹军. 2014年云南景谷M_S6.6地震发震断层及其动力学参数[J]. 地震地质, 2019, 41(4): 887-912.
[14]	李翠平, 唐茂云, 郭卫英, 黄世源, 王小龙, 高见. 2017年11月23日重庆武隆M_S5.0地震序列重定位及发震断层分析[J]. 地震地质, 2019, 41(3): 603-618.
[15]	王同庆, 陈石, 梁伟锋, 刘金钊. 2016年门源M_S6.4地震前的区域重力场变化与定量参数分析[J]. 地震地质, 2018, 40(2): 349-360.