1556年华县地震同震黄土滑坡密集区的发现及意义

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2018.04.001

地震地质 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 721-737.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2018.04.001

1556年华县地震同震黄土滑坡密集区的发现及意义

徐岳仁^1,2, 张伟恒¹, 李文巧¹, 何宏林³, 田勤俭¹

1 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 地震预测重点实验室, 北京 100036;
2 英国杜伦大学地球科学系, 英国杜伦 DL1 3LE;
3 中国地震局地质研究所, 活动构造与火山重点实验室, 北京 100029

收稿日期:2017-11-01 修回日期:2018-03-04 出版日期:2018-08-20 发布日期:2018-09-26
通讯作者: 李文巧,博士,助理研究员,E-mail:88167354@qq.com
作者简介:徐岳仁,男,1981年生,副研究员,2013年于中国地震局地质研究所获构造地质学博士学位,现主要从事活动构造、古地震及历史强震次生灾害研究,电话:010-88015659,E-mail:39021865@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41502204）、中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务专项（2017IES0101，2015IES0101、2016IES0401）、科技部国际科技合作项目（2015DFR21100）和国家留学基金委（201604190021）共同资助

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AD 1556 HUAXIAN EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED DISASTERS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

XU Yue-ren^1,2, ZHANG Wei-heng¹, LI Wen-qiao¹, HE Hong-lin³, TIAN Qin-jian¹

1 Key Laboratory of Earthquake Predication, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China;
2 Department of Earth Science, University of Durham, Durham DL1 3LE, United Kingdom;
3 Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2017-11-01 Revised:2018-03-04 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-09-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 完整了解历史特大地震的震害，不仅可以有效评估已给出震级的可靠性，也是完善地震危险性评价的重要依据。1556年华县M8.5特大地震造成超过83万人死亡，是全球有记录以来死亡人数最为严重的一次，但是长期以来对该次地震震害的了解多局限于断裂带沿线及盆地内部。文中利用Google Earth高分辨率卫星影像，首次较完整地获得同震滑坡密集区2个，分别位于华山山前断裂带的东、西两端，解译滑坡数分别是2 049个和1 515个，滑坡体积之和为2.85~6.40km³，与2008年汶川M_W7.9地震诱发的滑坡体积量相当。这些滑坡是导致渭南、临潼、蓝田（西端）和灵宝（东端）等地非盆地内居民死亡的重要原因。文中结果为深入理解渭河盆地以南1556年华县地震同震次生灾害分布特征和烈度等震线的修订提供参考。

关键词: 1556年华县地震, 华山山前断裂, 地震次生灾害, 黄土滑坡

Abstract: A complete understanding to the disasters triggered by giant earthquakes is not only crucial to effectively evaluating the reliability of existing earthquake magnitude, but also supporting the seismic hazard assessment. The great historical earthquake with estimated magnitude of M8.5 in Huaxian County on the 23^rd January 1556, which caused a death toll of more than 830 000, is the most serious earthquake on the global record. But for a long time, the knowledge about the hazards of this earthquake has been limited to areas along the causative Huashan piedmont fault(HSPF) and within the Weihe Basin. In this paper, we made a study on earthquake triggered landslides of the 1556 event along but not limited to the HSPF.
Using the high-resolution satellite imagery of Google Earth for earthquake-triggered landslide interpretation, we obtained two dense loess landslides areas generated by the 1556 earthquake, which are located at the east end and west end of the HSPF. The number of the interpreted landslides is 1 515 in the west area(WA), which is near to the macro-epicentre, and 2 049 in the east area(EA), respectively. Based on the empirical relationship between the landslide volume and area, we get the estimated landslide volume of 2.85~6.40km³ of WA and EA, which is equivalent or bigger than the value of ~2.8km³ caused by Wenchuan earthquake of M_W7.9 on 12^th May 2008. These earthquake triggered landslides are the main cause for the death of inhabitants living in houses or loess house caves located outside of the basin, such as Weinan, Lintong, Lantian(affected by WA) and Lingbao(affected by EA). Our results can help deeply understand the distribution characteristics of coseismic disaster of the 1556 Huaxian earthquake to the south of Weihe Basin, and also provide important reference for the modification of the isoseismals.

Key words: 1556 Huaxian earthquake, Huashan piedmont fault, earthquake-triggered disasters, loess landslide

中图分类号:

P315.2

徐岳仁, 张伟恒, 李文巧, 何宏林, 田勤俭. 1556年华县地震同震黄土滑坡密集区的发现及意义[J]. 地震地质, 2018, 40(4): 721-737.

XU Yue-ren, ZHANG Wei-heng, LI Wen-qiao, HE Hong-lin, TIAN Qin-jian. DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AD 1556 HUAXIAN EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED DISASTERS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2018, 40(4): 721-737.

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1556年华县地震同震黄土滑坡密集区的发现及意义

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AD 1556 HUAXIAN EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED DISASTERS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

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