甘肃酒西盆地发现地震地表破裂带

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2016.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据航、卫片解译和野外实地考察，在位于祁连山-河西走廊西段的酒西盆地白杨河背斜北发现1条较新的地震破裂带遗迹，破裂带长度约5km，呈弧形展布，保存较为完整，在最新的洪积扇面上陡坎高度约0.5~0.7m，在冲沟T₁阶地上陡坎高度约1.5m，分析认为其为较新的1次地震活动所致。沿断层陡坎探槽开挖表明，此次破裂带形成于约1 500a BP，此前断裂还有过活动。根据该地区历史地震资料考证和研究程度，认为该地震地表破裂带可能与365年玉门地震、1785年玉门惠回堡地震或1次漏记的历史强地震有关。

关键词: 地震破裂带, 酒西盆地, 历史地震, 甘肃

Abstract:

Qilian Shan-Hexi Corridor is located at the northeastern margin of Tibetan plateau. Series of late Quaternary active faults are developed in this region. A number of strong earthquakes even large earthquakes occurred in history and present-day. In the past, the study of active faults in the area was mostly concentrated in the northern margin fault zone of the Qilian Shan on the south side of the corridor, while the research on the interior and the north side of the corridor basin was relatively rare. We found a new fault scarp in the northern part of the Baiyanghe anticline in Jiuxi Basin in 2010. It is an earthquake surface rupture zone which has never been reported before. In this paper, we carried out palaeoearthquake trench analysis on the newly found earthquake surface rupture zone and textual research of relevant historical earthquakes data.
According to the interpretation of aerial photo and satellite image and field investigation, we found the surface rupture has the length of about 5km. The rupture shows as an arc-shaped line and is preserved intact comparably. The lower terrace and the latest flood alluvial fan are offset in addition to modern gullies. By differential GPS measurement, the height of the scarp is about 0.5~0.7m in the latest alluvial fan and about 1.5m in the T₁ terrace. From the residual ruins along the earthquake rupture zone, we believe the surface rupture might be produced by an earthquake event occurring not long ago. In addition, the rupture zone locates in the area where the climate is dry and rainless and there are no human activities induced damages. These all provide an objective condition for the preservation of the rupture zone. The trench along the fault reveals that the surface rupture was formed about 1500 years ago, and another earthquake event might have happened before it. Based on the textural research on the historical earthquake data and the research degree in the area at present, we believe that the surface rupture is related to the Yumen earthquake in 365, Yumen Huihuipu earthquake in 1785 or another unrecorded historical earthquake event.

Key words: surface rupture, Jiuxi Basin, historic earthquake, Gansu

中图分类号:

P315.2

刘兴旺, 袁道阳, 雷中生, 邵延秀. 甘肃酒西盆地发现地震地表破裂带[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(3): 605-616.

LIU Xing-wang, YUAN Dao-yang, LEI Zhong-sheng, SHAO Yan-xiu. DISCOVERY OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE IN JIUXI BASIN, GANSU PROVINCE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2016, 38(3): 605-616.

参考文献

边庆凯, 张培震, 苏向洲. 2001. 榆木山北缘断裂的构造地貌特征与断层活动性［J］. 华北地震科学, 19(3):41-49.
BIAN Qing-kai, ZHANG Pei-zhen, SU Xiang-zhou. 2001. The tectonic topography feature of the faults in north Yumushan Mountain and its faulting activity［J］. North China Earthquake Sciences, 19(3):41-49(in Chinese).
曹娜, 雷中生, 袁道阳, 等. 2010. 公元180年甘肃表氏地震考［J］. 地震学报, 32(6):744-753.
CAO Na, LEI Zhong-sheng, YUAN Dao-yang, et al. 2010. Textual criticism on the Biaoshi, Gansu, earthquake in 180 AD［J］. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 32(6):744-753(in Chinese).
陈杰, 卢演俦, 丁国瑜. 1998. 祁连山西段酒西盆地区阶地构造变形的研究［J］. 西北地震学报, 20(1):28-36.
CHEN Jie, LU Yan-shou, DING Guo-yu. 1998. The latest Quaternary tectonic deformation of terraces of Jiuxi Basin in west Qilianshan Mountains［J］. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 20(1):28-36(in Chinese).
陈文彬. 2003. 河西走廊及其邻近地区最新构造变形基本特征及构造成因分析［D］. 北京:中国地震局地质研究所.
CHEN Wen-bin. 2003. Principal tectonic deformation features and their generation mechanism in the Hexi Corridor and its adjacent regions since the late Quaternary［D］. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing(in Chinese).
邓起东, 于贵华, 叶文华. 1992. 地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究［M］//国家地震局地质研究所编. 活动断裂研究(2). 247-264.
DENG Qi-dong, YU Gui-hua, YE Wen-hua. 1992. Relationship between earthquake magnitude and parameters of surface ruptures associated with historical earthquake［M］//Institute of Geology, SSB(ed). Research on Active Fault(2). 247-264(in Chinese).
顾功叙主编. 1983. 中国地震目录［M］. 北京:科学出版社.
GU Gong-xu. 1983. Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes［M］. Science Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局兰州地震研究所. 1985. 陕甘宁青四省(区)强震目录［M］. 西安:陕西科技出版社. 49-50.
Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, SSB. 1985. Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes of Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai Provinces and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region［M］. Shaanxi Scientific and Technological Press, Xi, an. 49-50(in Chinese).
国家地震局地质研究所, 国家地震局兰州地震研究所. 1993. 祁连山-河西走廊活动断裂系［M］. 北京:地震出版社.
Institute of Geology, SSB and Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, SSB. 1993. The Qilian Mountains-Hexi Corridor Active Fault System［M］. Seismological Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局震害防御司. 1995. 中国历史强地震目录［M］. 北京:地震出版社. 303-305.
Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department, SSB. 1995. Catalogue of Chinese Strong Historical Earthquakes［M］. Seismological Press, Beijing. 303-305(in Chinese).
何文贵, 雷中生, 袁道阳, 等. 2010. 1785年玉门惠回堡地震的震灾特点与发震构造［J］. 西北地震学报, 32(1):47-53.
HE Wen-gui, LEI Zhong-sheng, YUAN Dao-yang, et al. 2010. Disaster characteristics of Huihuipu earthquake in 1785 in Yumen, Gansu Province, and discussion on its seismogenic structure［J］. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 32(1):47-53(in Chinese).
何文贵, 郑文俊, 赵广堃, 等. 2004. 2002年12月14日甘肃玉门5.9级地震的发震构造研究［J］. 地震地质, 26(4):688-697.
HE Wen-gui, ZHENG Wen-jun, ZHAO Guang-kun, et al. 2004. Study on the seismogenic structure of the Yumen, Gansu Province M_S5.9 earthquake of December 14, 2002［J］. Seismology and Geology, 26(4):688-697(in Chinese).
雷中生, 袁道阳, 郑文俊, 等. 2012.756年张掖-酒泉地震考［J］. 西北地震学报, 34(1):72-77.
LEI Zhong-sheng, YUAN Dao-yang, ZHENG Wen-jun, et al. 2012. Textural research of Zhangye-Jiuquan earthquake in 756 AD［J］. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 34(1):72-77(in Chinese).
刘百篪, 郑文俊, 郭华, 等. 2002. 活断层工作方法在中早期历史地震研究中的作用［J］. 中国地震, 18(3):283-288.
LIU Bai-chi, ZHENG Wen-jun, GUO Hua, et al. 2002. Application of active fault method in study of metaphase forepart historical earthquake［J］. Earthquake Research in China, 18(3):283-288(in Chinese).
刘兴旺, 雷中生, 袁道阳, 等. 2011. 1609年甘肃红崖堡 7 1/4 级地震考证［J］. 西北地震学报, 33(2):143-148.
LIU Xing-wang, LEI Zhong-sheng, YUAN Dao-yang, et al. 2011. Textural research on Hongyapu M7 1/4 earthquake in 1609［J］. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 33(2):143-148(in Chinese).
闵伟, 张培震, 何文贵, 等. 2002. 酒西盆地断层活动特征及古地震研究［J］. 地震地质, 24(1):35-44.
MIN Wei, ZHANG Pei-zhen, HE Wen-gui, et al. 2002. Research on the active faults and paleoearthquakes in the western Jiuquan Basin［J］. Seismology and Geology, 24(1):35-44(in Chinese).
谢毓寿, 蔡美彪主编. 1983. 中国地震历史资料汇编(第一卷)［M］. 北京:科学出版社.
XIE Yu-shou, CAI Mei-biao(eds). 1983. Compilation of the Chinese Historical Earthquake Records(No.1)［M］. Science Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
郑文俊, 何文贵, 赵广堃, 等. 2005. 2003年甘肃民乐-山丹6.1, 5.8级地震发震构造及发震机制探讨［J］. 地震研究, 28(2):133-140.
ZHENG Wen-jun, HE Wen-gui, ZHAO Guang-kun, et al. 2005. Discussion on the causative structure and mechanism of the 2003 Minle-Shandan, Gansu, M6.1, 5.8 earthquakes［J］. Journal of Seismological Research, 28(2):133-140(in Chinese).
郑文俊, 张培震, 袁道阳, 等. 2009. 甘肃高台合黎山南缘发现地震地表破裂带［J］. 地震地质, 31(2):247-255. doi:10.3969/jissn.0523-4967.2009.02.005.
ZHENG Wen-jun, ZHANG Pei-zhen, YUAN Dao-yang, et al. 2009. Discovery of surface rupture zone on the south of Helishan in Gaotai, Gansu Province［J］. Seismology and Geology, 31(2):247-255.
郑文俊, 张竹琪, 张培震, 等. 2013. 1954年山丹 7 1/4 级地震的孕震构造和发震机制探讨［J］. 地球物理学报, 56(3):916-928.
ZHENG Wen-jun, ZHANG Zhu-qi, ZHANG Pei-zhen, et al. 2013. Seismogenic structure and mechanism of the 1954 M7¼ Shandan earthquake, Gansu Province, western China［J］. Chinese J geophys, 56(3):916-928(in Chinese).
Gaudemer Y, Tapponier P, Meyer B, et al. 1995. Partitioning of crustal slip between linked active faults in the eastern Qilian Shan, and evidence for a major seismic gap, the ‘Tianzhu Gap’, on the western Haiyuan Fault, Gansu(China)［J］. Geophys J Int, 120:599-645.
Hetzel R, Tao M, Stokes S, et al. 2004. Late Pleistocene/Holocene slip rate of the Zhangye thrust(Qilian Shan, China)and implications for the active growth of the northeastern Tibetan plateau［J］. Tectonics, 23, TC6006. doi:10.1029/2004TC001653.
Hetzel R, Niedermann S, Tao M, et al. 2002. Low slip rates and long-term preservation of geomorphic features in Central Asia［J］. Nature, 417:428-432.
Meyer B, Tapponnier P, Bourjot L, et al. 1998. Crustal thickening in Gansu-Qinghai, lithospheric mantle subduction and oblique, strike-slip controlled growth of the Tibet plateau［J］. Geophys J Int, 135:1-47.
Tapponnier P, Meyer B, Avouac J P, et al. 1990. Active thrusting and folding in the Qilian Shan, and decoupling between upper crust and mantle in northeastern Tibet［J］. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 97:382-403.
Wells D L, Coppersmith K J. 1994. Empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement［J］. Bull Seism Soc Am, 84(4):974-1002.
Xu X W, Yeats R, Yu G H. 2010. Five short historical earthquake surface ruptures near the Silk Road, Gansu Province, China［J］. Bull Seism Soc Am, 100:541-561.

[1]	宋刚, 杨晓松. 甘肃省老虎山断裂带区域地壳纵波速度的实验[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(5): 1273-1289.
[2]	姚生海, 盖海龙, 殷翔, 刘炜, 张加庆, 袁建新. 阿木尼克山山前地表破裂带与1962年6.8级地震关系的讨论[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(4): 976-991.
[3]	张波, 何文贵, 刘炳旭, 高效东, 庞炜, 王爱国, 袁道阳. 甘肃北山南缘俄博庙断裂的新活动特征及活动速率[J]. 地震地质, 2020, 42(2): 455-471.
[4]	徐良鑫, 冉勇康, 梁明剑, 吴富峣, 高帅坡, 王虎. 新疆巴里坤1842年和1914年2次M71/2历史地震地表破裂的几何展布及特征[J]. 地震地质, 2020, 42(1): 1-17.
[5]	马冀, 冯希杰, 李高阳, 李晓妮, 师亚芹. 1568年陕西高陵地震考证与发震构造[J]. 地震地质, 2019, 41(1): 178-188.
[6]	闫小兵, 周永胜, 李自红, 郭瑾. 1695年临汾7(3/4)级地震发震构造研究[J]. 地震地质, 2018, 40(4): 883-902.
[7]	姚琪, 邢会林, 徐锡伟, 张微, 刘杰. 利用非线性摩擦有限元方法计算大凉山次级块体及其周边地区地震危险性[J]. 地震地质, 2018, 40(1): 171-185.
[8]	刘睿, 李安, 张世民, 陈志丹, 郭长辉. 白杨河阶地揭示的北祁连山西段晚第四纪构造变形[J]. 地震地质, 2017, 39(6): 1237-1255.
[9]	袁道阳, 雷中生, 吴赵, 冯建刚. 公元前47年甘肃陇西地震考证与发震构造分析[J]. 地震地质, 2017, 39(4): 819-836.
[10]	梁明剑, 陈立春, 冉勇康, 王虎, 李东雨. 龙门山断裂南段天全段的新活动特征与1327年天全地震的关系[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(3): 546-559.
[11]	吴富峣, 冉勇康, 陈立春, 李安. 东天山三条地震地表破裂带的展布及其与两次历史地震的关系[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(1): 77-90.
[12]	周春景, 吴中海, 张克旗, 李家存, 蒋瑶, 田婷婷, 刘艳辉, 黄小巾. 川西理塘活动断裂最新同震地表破裂形成时代与震级的重新厘定[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(2): 455-467.
[13]	袁道阳, 雷中生, 刘兴旺, 谢虹, 苏琦. 公元842年甘肃碌曲地震考证与发震构造分析[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(3): 609-624.
[14]	吕晓健, 闻学泽. 根据烈度分布确定华北历史地震破裂区的经验准则及其应用[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(1): 62-79.
[15]	卜玉菲, 万永革, 张元生. 甘肃及邻近地区的构造应力场[J]. 地震地质, 2013, 35(4): 833-841.