高精度承灾体数据支撑的地震灾情快速评估

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2015.04.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地震灾情快速评估是震后地震应急响应的核心技术支撑。目前, 随着高精度人口社会经济数据的推广, 中国地震局下属单位的地震灾情快速评估所采用的承灾体数据大多由原来的县级精度提升到30″×30″(经纬度)的高精度。然而, 基础数据精度得到提升的同时, 灾情评估的主要算法和技术流程却没有改变。结果是评估准确度得到了一定提高, 而县级精度数据支撑下的评估耗时较多(10～20min, 大震时可在30min以上), 震害损失空间分布不够精细等问题仍然没有得到解决。因此, 文中首先介绍了高精度承灾体数据(30″×30″), 描述地震灾情快速评估的原理及县级数据支撑下的实现过程, 之后阐述利用高精度承灾体数据改善地震灾情快速评估数据基础的原理, 在评估过程中利用栅格代数运算提高计算效率和保持数据精度的原理, 以及通过分割和重新组织快速评估技术流程提高评估速度的方法。经试验验证, 改进后地震灾情快速评估的准确度有所提高, 能够产出高精度的(30″×30″)的震害分布, 并且评估耗时缩减到1min以内(不含出图耗时)。大范围的高精度承灾体数据是一种模拟数据而非调查数据, 尽管其基础是普查数据, 但准确度与实际情况仍有一定的差距, 需要进一步研究与优化。

关键词: 高精度承灾体数据, 地震灾情快速评估, 地震应急救援, 震后应急响应

Abstract:

The earthquake disaster rapid assessment(EDRA)is the core technical support for the post-earthquake emergency response. At present, with the popularization of high-precision population, social and economic data, most of the subordinate units of China Earthquake Administration(CEA)have heightened the precision of hazard bearing body data used in EDRA from the original county-level precision to the 30″×30″ precision. However, while the precision of fundamental data has been heightened, no efforts have been made to improve the main algorithms and the technical process of EDRA. It turns out that the assessment has become more accurate, but the problems of the time-consuming process(10-20 minutes, probably 20 minutes or more in great earthquakes)and the low-precision losses distributions that exposed in EDRA supported by county-level precision data remain unresolved.This paper introduces the high-precision(30″×30″)hazard bearing body data, and describes the principle of EDRA and its implementation under the support of county-level precision data at first. Then the paper elaborates the principle of improving EDRA's data foundation using high-precision hazard bearing body data, the principle of improving the computation efficiency and persisting the data precision in the assessment process by means of the cell-to-cell grid algebraic operation, and the method for improving the assessment speed through the segmentation and reorganization of the technical process of EDRA.It is validated that through the improvements, the EDRA has become more accurate and much less time-consuming(less than 1 minute), and is able to output high-precision(30″×30″)distributions of seismic losses. The high-precision hazard bearing body data of wide range are the simulated data but not the survey data. Though the data have been simulated based on the census data, there is still a gap between their accuracy and the real situation. Further research and optimization on the data are needed.

Key words: high-precision hazard bearing body data, earthquake disaster rapid assessment, earthquake emergency rescue, post-earthquake emergency response

中图分类号:

P316

安基文, 徐敬海, 聂高众, 白仙富. 高精度承灾体数据支撑的地震灾情快速评估[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(4): 1225-1241.

AN Ji-wen, XU Jing-hai, NIE Gao-zhong, BAI Xian-fu. earthquake disaster rapid assessment for emergency response supported by high-precision data of hazard bearing body[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2015, 37(4): 1225-1241.

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