关键词: 地震应急, 应急处置, 处置方案, 应急预案

Abstract: Earthquake is one of most serious natural disasters in China. In order to effectively mitigate earthquake disaster, three catalogues of jobs have been done under the leadership of China Earthquake Administration. Earthquake emergency is one of such important jobs, which could save life and reduce disaster damage. Earthquake emergency preplan plays a key role in this work, and provides foundation for disaster rescue. Although the emergency preplans get great achievements in many earthquake disaster reliefs, they also show some drawbacks in the practical applications.
In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of Chinese earthquake emergency preplans and find that the framework of emergency preplans is clear, but the provisions on emergency operations are macroscopical and not easy to use; the structures of the emergency preplans are generically similar in the whole country and lack of pertinence to specific disaster areas or professional industries; the connections between earthquake disaster emergency preplans and other disaster emergency preplans are weak; the dynamic managements of the preplans need to be enhanced.
In order to complement the emergency preplans, earthquake emergency response disposal scheme is discussed in this paper, which is an emergency disposal work plan for detailed emergency events after an earthquake from technical perspective and aims at directing earthquake emergency response. The relationships between the emergency preplans and the disposal schemes are introduced. The core difference between them is in that a preplan focuses mainly on who should respond to the emergency event, while a disposal scheme is more concerned about how to cope with the emergency event.
We also present the components of the disposal schemes, which include disposal scheme framework, emergency decision-making knowledge and supported information platforms. Then the work principle of the disposal schemes is described based on these components. In this principle, earthquake emergency decision-making knowledge is used to amend the disposal scheme framework to generate the emergency disposal scheme with the support of information technologies. Within the disposal schemes, three kinds of the disposal countermeasures, namely, descriptive emergency countermeasures, the countermeasures from earthquake emergency professional models and the countermeasures from GIS and RS technical platforms are introduced.
Taking urban level as an example, the urban disposal scheme framework is depicted. It is composed of five parts: geographic environment in disaster area, earthquake information, estimated disaster information, emergency countermeasures and other related countermeasures. Then the components of the decision-making knowledge are introduced. The knowledge representations result from comprehensive processing of various information related to earthquake emergency response and rescue.
This paper lays the foundation for the earthquake emergency response disposal scheme generation and application, which helps to solve the problems of the earthquake emergency preplans. In future, the detailed implementation and application methods of earthquake emergency decision-making knowledge will be studied and used to realize the computer-aided generation of the disposal schemes.

Key words: earthquake emergency, emergency disposal, disposal scheme, emergency preplan